Democratic Socialists of America: Difference between revisions
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|membership={{increase}} 32,000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/in-the-year-since-trumps-victory-democratic-socialists-of-america-has-become-a-budding-political-force/|author=Anna Heyward|date=December 21, 2017|title=Since Trump’s Victory, Democratic Socialists of America Has Become a Budding Political Force.}}</ref> |
|membership={{increase}} 32,000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/in-the-year-since-trumps-victory-democratic-socialists-of-america-has-become-a-budding-political-force/|author=Anna Heyward|date=December 21, 2017|title=Since Trump’s Victory, Democratic Socialists of America Has Become a Budding Political Force.}}</ref> |
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|ideology=[[Democratic socialism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/8/5/15930786/dsa-socialists-convention-national|title=9 questions about the Democratic Socialists of America you were too embarrassed to ask|publisher=|accessdate=August 8, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dsausa.org/|title=Democratic Socialists of America|publisher=|accessdate=August 8, 2017}}</ref><br>[[Left-wing populism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dsausa.org/populists_the_elites_and_us|title=Populists, the Elites, and Us|publisher=|accessdate=August 10, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dsausa.org/fighting_faux_populism_dl|title=Fighting Faux Populism|publisher=|accessdate=August 10, 2017}}</ref><br>[[Multi-tendency]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/08/08/politics/democratic-socialists-of-america-convention-2017/index.html|title=Democratic Socialists are taking themselves seriously. Should Democrats?|first=Analysis by Gregory Krieg|last=CNN|website=CNN|accessdate=August 10, 2017}}</ref><br>[[Social democracy]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/09/democratic-socialists-want-bernie-sanders-to-raise-their-profile/446493/|title=Democratic Socialists Want Bernie Sanders to Raise Their Profile|first=Eric|last=Garcia|publisher=|accessdate=August 8, 2017}}</ref>{{list collapsed|title='''Minority factions'''|{{•}}[[Communism]]<ref>https://medium.com/@DSACommunistCaucus/dsa-communist-caucus-our-statement-bccd8fb2bcbd</ref>|{{•}}[[Eco-socialism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dsausa.org/the_case_for_ecosocialism|title=The Case for Ecosocialism|publisher=|accessdate=August 8, 2017}}</ref>|{{•}}[[Libertarian socialism]]<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/41519-a-turning-point-on-the-left-libertarian-caucus-debuts-at-democratic-socialist-conference|title=A Turning Point on the Left? Libertarian Caucus Debuts at Democratic Socialist Conference|first=Adam|last=Weaver|website=Truthout|accessdate=August 8, 2017}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://www.dsa-lsc.org|title=DSA Libertarian Socialist Caucus|website=www.dsa-lsc.org|accessdate=August 8, 2017}}</ref>|{{•}}[[Progressivism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/08/04/politics/democratic-socialists-convention-charles-lenchner-interview/index.html|title=Will Trump backlash make American socialists great again?|first=Gregory Krieg|last=CNN|website=CNN|accessdate=August 8, 2017}}</ref>|'''Caucuses:'''|{{•}}Communist Caucus<ref>https://medium.com/@DSACommunistCaucus/dsa-communist-caucus-our-statement-bccd8fb2bcbd</ref>|{{•}}Libertarian Socialist Caucus<ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto1"/>|{{•}}Refoundation Caucus<ref>https://dsarefoundation.org/program</ref>}} |
|ideology=[[Democratic socialism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/8/5/15930786/dsa-socialists-convention-national|title=9 questions about the Democratic Socialists of America you were too embarrassed to ask|publisher=|accessdate=August 8, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dsausa.org/|title=Democratic Socialists of America|publisher=|accessdate=August 8, 2017}}</ref><br>[[Left-wing populism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dsausa.org/populists_the_elites_and_us|title=Populists, the Elites, and Us|publisher=|accessdate=August 10, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dsausa.org/fighting_faux_populism_dl|title=Fighting Faux Populism|publisher=|accessdate=August 10, 2017}}</ref><br>[[Multi-tendency]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/08/08/politics/democratic-socialists-of-america-convention-2017/index.html|title=Democratic Socialists are taking themselves seriously. Should Democrats?|first=Analysis by Gregory Krieg|last=CNN|website=CNN|accessdate=August 10, 2017}}</ref><br>[[Social democracy]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/09/democratic-socialists-want-bernie-sanders-to-raise-their-profile/446493/|title=Democratic Socialists Want Bernie Sanders to Raise Their Profile|first=Eric|last=Garcia|publisher=|accessdate=August 8, 2017}}</ref>{{list collapsed|title='''Minority factions'''|{{•}}[[Communism]]<ref>https://medium.com/@DSACommunistCaucus/dsa-communist-caucus-our-statement-bccd8fb2bcbd</ref>|{{•}}[[Eco-socialism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dsausa.org/the_case_for_ecosocialism|title=The Case for Ecosocialism|publisher=|accessdate=August 8, 2017}}</ref>|{{•}}[[Libertarian socialism]]<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/41519-a-turning-point-on-the-left-libertarian-caucus-debuts-at-democratic-socialist-conference|title=A Turning Point on the Left? Libertarian Caucus Debuts at Democratic Socialist Conference|first=Adam|last=Weaver|website=Truthout|accessdate=August 8, 2017}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://www.dsa-lsc.org|title=DSA Libertarian Socialist Caucus|website=www.dsa-lsc.org|accessdate=August 8, 2017}}</ref>|{{•}}[[Progressivism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/08/04/politics/democratic-socialists-convention-charles-lenchner-interview/index.html|title=Will Trump backlash make American socialists great again?|first=Gregory Krieg|last=CNN|website=CNN|accessdate=August 8, 2017}}</ref>|'''Caucuses:'''|{{•}}Communist Caucus<ref>https://medium.com/@DSACommunistCaucus/dsa-communist-caucus-our-statement-bccd8fb2bcbd</ref>|{{•}}Libertarian Socialist Caucus<ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto1"/>|{{•}}Refoundation Caucus<ref>https://dsarefoundation.org/program</ref>}} |
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|position = [[Centre-left politics|Center-left]] to [[Far-Left]] |
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|position=[[center-left politics|center-left]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-socialist-movement-bernie-sanders-20170806-story.html|title=The socialist movement is getting younger and turning into a left-wing force|first=David|last=Weigel|work=Chicago Tribune|accessdate=August 8, 2017}}</ref><ref>[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1rwIy3oVINViMNqwdaEk7kkmV0ynyPOL5LtSMi0lxH-U/mobilebasic DSA Left Caucus: Who We Are, Where We Stand]</ref><ref>https://medium.com/@DSACommunistCaucus/dsa-communist-caucus-our-statement-bccd8fb2bcbd</ref> |
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|seats1_title=[[United States Senate|Seats in the Senate]] |
|seats1_title=[[United States Senate|Seats in the Senate]] |
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Revision as of 03:27, 1 January 2018
Democratic Socialists of America | |
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Executive Director | Maria Svart |
Founded | 1982 |
Merger of | Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee New American Movement |
Headquarters | 75 Maiden Lane, Ste 702 New York, NY |
Newspaper | Democratic Left[1] |
Student wing | YDSA |
Membership (2017) | ![]() |
Ideology | Democratic socialism[3][4] Left-wing populism[5][6] Multi-tendency[7] Social democracy[8] Minority factions
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Political position | Center-left to Far-Left |
Seats in the Senate | 0 / 100 |
Seats in the House | 0 / 435 |
Governorships | 0 / 50 |
State Upper House Seats | 0 / 1,972 |
State Lower House Seats | 1 / 5,411 |
Territorial Governorships | 0 / 6 |
Territorial Upper Chamber Seats | 0 / 97 |
Territorial Lower Chamber Seats | 0 / 91 |
Other elected offices | 35 (2017)[16] |
Website | |
dsausa | |
This article is part of a series on |
Socialism in the United States |
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Democratic Socialists of America (DSA) is a democratic socialist and left-wing populist organization in the United States. DSA is a multi-tendency organization of democratic socialist, social democratic and labor members, often also affiliated with other political parties and/or organizations. DSA was a member of the Socialist International (SI) from its founding in 1982 until August 2017, when it voted to leave the organization over the SI's acceptance of neoliberal economic policies.[17]
DSA has its roots in the Socialist Party of America (SPA), whose most prominent leaders include Eugene Debs, Norman Thomas and Michael Harrington; and the New American Movement (NAM).[18] In 1973, Harrington, the leader of a minority faction that had opposed the SPA's rightward shift and transformation into the Social Democrats, USA (SDUSA) during the party's 1972 national convention, formed the Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee (DSOC). The other faction that split following that convention was Socialist Party USA (SPUSA), which is an independent democratic socialist political party. The DSOC, in Harrington's words "the remnant of a remnant", soon became the largest democratic-socialist group in the United States and in 1982 was merged with the NAM, a coalition of intellectuals with roots in the New Left movements of the 1960s and former members of Socialist and Communist parties of the Old Left, to form the DSA.[19]
Initially the DSA consisted of approximately 5,000 ex DSOC members and 1,000 ex NAM members. Upon the DSA's founding, Harrington and socialist feminist author Barbara Ehrenreich were elected as co-chairs of the organization. The DSA does not run its own candidates in elections, but instead "fights for reforms... that will weaken the power of corporations and increase the power of working people". These reforms include decreasing the influence of money in politics, empowering ordinary people in workplaces and within the economy and restructuring gender and cultural relationships to be more equitable.[20] The organization has at times endorsed electoral candidates, notably including Walter Mondale, Jesse Jackson, Ralph Nader (informally), John Kerry, Bernie Sanders, Hillary Clinton,and Barack Obama.
In 2017, DSA membership rose from 5,000 to over 31,000, mainly due to the influx of youth in reaction to the presidency of Donald Trump, thus becoming the largest socialist organization in the United States;[21] the median age of its contemporary membership is 33, as opposed to 68 in 2013[22].
Organizational history
The DSA was formed in 1982 after a merger between the Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee (DSOC) and the New American Movement (NAM).[23][24] At the time of the merger of these two organizations, the DSA was said to consist of approximately 5,000 former members of DSOC, along with 1,000 from NAM.[25] The combined Old Left and New Left heritage of the DSA was created from the merger: the DSOC was founded in 1973 from a minority anti-war caucus in the Socialist Party of America, while the NAM was created as a successor organization to the disintegrated Students for a Democratic Society.
At its start, DSOC had 840 members, of which 2 percent served on its national board—approximately 200 had previously had membership in Social Democrats, USA or its predecessors in 1973 when SDUSA stated its membership at 1,800, according to a 1973 profile of Harrington.[26]
In electoral politics, DSA, like DSOC before it, was very strongly associated with Michael Harrington's position that "the left wing of realism is found today in the Democratic Party". In its early years, DSA opposed Republican presidential candidates by giving critical support to Democratic Party nominees like Walter Mondale in 1984.[27] In 1988, DSA enthusiastically supported Jesse Jackson's second presidential campaign.[28] DSA's position on U.S. electoral politics states that "democratic socialists reject an either–or approach to electoral coalition building, focused solely on [either] a new party or on realignment within the Democratic Party".[29]
During the 1990s, DSA gave the Clinton administration an overall rating of C-, "less than satisfactory".[30]
The DSA's leadership believes working within the Democratic Party is necessary because of the nature of the American political system, which rarely gives third parties a chance politically. That said, DSA is very critical of the corporate-funded Democratic Party leadership.[31] The organization believes that:
Much of progressive, independent political action will continue to occur in Democratic Party primaries in support of candidates who represent a broad progressive coalition. In such instances, democratic socialists will support coalitional campaigns based on labor, women, people of color and other potentially anti-corporate elements... Electoral tactics are only a means for democratic socialists; the building of a powerful anti-corporate coalition is the end...[32]
Democratic Socialists of America is a 501(c)(4) nonprofit organization.[33] In the United States elections of 2017, the DSA elected 15 supported candidates to office, with the most senior position gained being that of Lee Carter in the Virginia House of Delegates.[34]
Electoral positions
In 2000, DSA took no official position on the presidential election, with several prominent DSA members backing Green Party presidential candidate Ralph Nader, while others supported Socialist Party USA candidate David McReynolds and others in favor of Democratic nominee Al Gore.[35]
In 2004, the organization backed John Kerry after he won the Democratic nomination. In its official magazine, the DSA's Political Action Committee declared:
While we have no illusions about how a Kerry administration would govern — absent mass pressure from below — and are not impressed with his delayed criticism of the war and his earlier commitments in favor of 'free trade,' we also realize that the Bush administration is as reactionary as Reagan’s. A Kerry defeat would be taken not as a defeat of the US political center, which Kerry represents, but of the mainstream Left. As a result, it would embolden the Right and demoralize the Left (as well as trade unionists and people of color) as much as Reagan’s 1984 defeat of Mondale did. On the other hand, a Kerry victory will let us press onward, with progressives aggressively pressuring an administration that owed its victory to democratic mobilization from below.[36]
The only resolution on upcoming elections at the DSA's 2005 convention focused on Bernie Sanders's independent campaign for the U.S. Senate.[37] The organization's 2007 convention in Atlanta featured record-breaking attendance and more participation by the organization's youth wing. Sanders gave the keynote address.[38]
In 2008, the DSA supported Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama in his race against Republican candidate John McCain. In an article written in the March 24, 2008 edition of The Nation, senior DSA strategists Barbara Ehrenreich and Bill Fletcher Jr., along with Tom Hayden and Danny Glover, announced the formation of Progressives for Obama.[39] In the article, the four issued a joint statement arguing that Obama was the most progressive of any Democratic presidential candidate since Robert F. Kennedy in 1968.[39]
Following Obama's election, many on the right[40] began to allege that his administration's policies were "socialistic", a claim rejected by DSA and the Obama administration alike. The widespread use of the word "socialism" as a political epithet against the Obama government by its opponents caused National Director Frank Llewellyn to declare that "over the past 12 months, the Democratic Socialists of America has received more media attention than it has over the past 12 years".[41]
For the 2016 election, DSA endorsed U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders (I-VT) as the favored presidential candidate. They note the importance of his candidacy as a self-identified democratic socialist candidate as well as "a lifelong champion of the public programs and democratic rights that empower working class people".[42] DSA managed the #WeNeedBernie campaign, an internally focused initiative directed towards mobilizing DSA supporters for Sanders.[42] After the defeat of Bernie Sanders the DSA urged support for Hillary Clinton [42]
Membership size
Membership in DSA is obtained through the payment of annual dues, which in 2010 range from a "low income and student" rate of $20 to a "sustainer" rate of $130, with a basic rate of $45.[43] Every member receives a paid subscription to the organization's quarterly newsletter, Democratic Left (commonly known as DL).[44] The organization also offers "family memberships" at the rate of $80, which include only one subscription to DL[43] and sells subscriptions to the publication to non-members for $10 per year.[45]
When formed, the estimated membership was 5,000, but after the merger with the Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee (DSOC)[46] the membership had grown to an estimated 7,000 in 1987.[47] In 2002, Fox News claimed there were 8,000 members in the organization[48] and three years later the DSA announced on its website that its membership had increased by some 13% since July 2003 as the result of a recent direct mail campaign.[49]
DSA does not release annual membership numbers, nor do officials of the organization state them with precision in the press. However, it does publish annually its sworn declaration of "Statement of Ownership, Management, and Circulation" in its official magazine so as to qualify for subsidized postage rates from the United States Postal Service. In the twelve months previous to its 2009 declaration, the group indicates that Democratic Left had an average total paid distribution" of 5,707 copies.
The total paid distribution numbers of Democratic Left over recent years are as follows:
Year Average total paid circulation Issue where statement appears 2001 5,846 vol. 29, no. 3, pg. 15 2002 Not published 2003 4,890 vol. 31, no. 3, pg. 2 2004 4,535 vol. 32, no. 3, pg. 2 2005 4,622 vol. 33, no. 3, pg. 15 2006 4,883 vol. 34, no. 3, pg. 3 2007 5,443 vol. 35, no. 3, pg. 3 2008 5,710 vol. 36, no. 3, pg. 3 2009 5,707 vol. 37, no. 3, pg. 3 2010 5,874 vol. 38, no. 4, pg. 15 2011 5,707 vol. 39, no. 3, pg. 12 2012 6,204 vol. 40, no. 3, pg. 3 2013 Not published 2014 6,445 vol. 42, no. 3, pg. 13 2015 6,216 vol. 43, no. 3, pg. 10 2016 6,745 vol. 44, no. 3, pg. 11
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/BoiseDSAOrganizingCommittee.jpg/220px-BoiseDSAOrganizingCommittee.jpg)
Membership in the DSA has grown to more than 30,000 members[50] since Donald Trump's election as President on November 8, 2016, enabling it to make gains in the Democratic Party's left. This rise comes from supporters of Bernie Sanders, the U.S. Senator from Vermont who ran for the Democratic presidential nomination that year, as well as a growth in left interest amongst American youth, spurred on by organizing on Twitter, publications such as The Baffler and Jacobin and the popular podcast Chapo Trap House.[51] Given its burgeoning membership, the DSA faces several tactical and strategic issues, such as its relationship to the Democratic Party, the administrative and ideological role of the central leadership of a bottoms-up, deeply democratic organization and its own demographic representation in an increasingly diverse country.[52][53]
Structure
DSA is organized at the local level and works with labor unions, community organizations and campus activists on issues of common interest. Nationwide campaigns are coordinated by the organization's national office in New York City. As of 2017[update], the DSA website lists 85 local chapters, two statewide chapters, 29 Young Democratic Socialist chapters and 63 organizing committees.[54]
Governance of the DSA is by the group's National Political Committee, which since 2001 has been a 16-person body.[55] The organization's constitution states that at least eight of the NPC's members shall be women and at least four members of "racial or national" minority groups.[56] A seventeenth vote is cast by the representative of the DSA's youth affiliate, the Young Democratic Socialists, who elect one male and one female delegate who split the vote. The NPC meets four times a year.[57]
The NPC elects an inner committee of six, including five of its own members and one representative of the youth section, called the "Steering Committee". At least two of these are constitutionally required to be women and at least one a "person of color", with the National Director and the Youth Section Organizer also participating as ex officio members. This Steering Committee meets bimonthly, either in person or by conference call.[58] The DSA has a Religion and Socialism Commission, in which Cornel West has played a leading role. John Cort was a founding editor of the Commission's magazine, Religious Socialism.
DSA publishes Democratic Left, a quarterly newsletter of news and analysis. This publication continues in an uninterrupted run from the original Newsletter of the Democratic Left published by DSA forerunner the Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee since its establishment in 1973. In 2008, DSA members active in the U.S. labor movement founded Talking Union, a blog that focuses on labor politics, working class struggles and strategies.[59]
Being a big tent on the political left, the DSA is not rigidly ideological and decisions are made by topic-specific committees. [60]
Student section
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/YDS_logo.svg/220px-YDS_logo.svg.png)
Young Democratic Socialists of America (YDSA) is the official student section of Democratic Socialists of America. YDS chapters and members are encouraged to pursue and promote a democratic socialist political education and participate in social justice activism, often taking part in anti-war, labor and student-issue marches and rallies. YDS publishes a newsletter called The Red Letter[61] and a blog, The Activist.[62] The organization's national activities revolve around supporting DSA campaigns and initiatives and organizing various student conferences, usually held in New York City.
National conferences have taken place in February 2016 in Brooklyn[63] and August 2015 in Atlanta, Georgia.[64]
National conventions
The highest decision-making authority of the organization is the organization's national conventions, which are held biennially. These gatherings of the organization are as follows:
Year Dates of convention Location 2017 August 3–6 Chicago, IL 2015 November 13–15 Bolivar, PA 2013 October 25–27 Emeryville, CA 2011 November 11–13 Vienna, VA 2009 November 13–15 Evanston, IL 2007 November 9–11 Atlanta, GA 2005 November 11–13 Los Angeles, CA 2003 November 14–16 Detroit, MI 2001 November 9–11 Philadelphia, PA 1999 November 12–14 San Diego, CA
A student and young adult outreach conference hosted by Young Democratic Socialists took place on February 13–15, 2015 in Manhattan.[65]
Political ideas
The DSA's ideas are somewhat influenced by those of its first chairman Michael Harrington, Chairman of the League for Industrial Democracy (1964) and member of the National Executive Board of the Socialist Party of America (1960–1968). Opposed to capitalism and previous formulations of communism alike as cruel and anti-libertarian social systems, Harrington advocated working for a realignment of the U.S. Democratic Party away from an amorphous amalgam of often contradictory ideas and toward a principled party of the left.
On the question of Soviet Communism
Throughout his life, Harrington embraced an interpretation of the thinking of Karl Marx while rejecting the "actually existing" Communist systems of the Soviet Union, China and Eastern Europe. Harrington said:[24]
Put it this way. Marx was a democrat with a small D. The Democratic Socialists envision a humane social order based on popular control of resources and production, economic planning...and racial equality. I share an immediate program with liberals in this country because the best liberalism leads toward socialism.... I want to be on the left wing of the possible.
Harrington made it clear that even if the traditional Marxist vision of a marketless, stateless society was not possible, he did not understand why this needed to "result in the social consequence of some people eating while others starve".[66]
Before the collapse of the Soviet Union, the DSA voiced opposition to that nation's bureaucratically managed economy and control over its satellite states.[67] The DSA welcomed Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms in the Soviet Union. Sociologist Bogdan Denitch wrote in DSA's Democratic Left (quoted in 1989):[68]
The aim of democrats and socialists should be...to help the chances of successful reform in the Soviet bloc... While supporting liberalization and economic reforms from above, socialists should be particularly active in contacting and encouraging the tender shoots of democracy from below.
Harrington voiced admiration for German Chancellor Willy Brandt's Ostpolitik, which sought to reduce antagonism between Western Europe and Soviet states.[69] As co-chairman of DSA, Michael Harrington wrote:
[Willy Brandt] launched his famous ostpolitik (Eastern policy), and moved toward detente with the Soviets and Eastern Europeans--a strategy that was to win him the Nobel Peace Prize. Disaster came in 1974. There was a spy scandal--a member of Brandt's inner circle turned out to be an East German agent--and the chancellor resigned his office.[70]
Social democracy and welfare
One leaflet detailing the group's official ideas, "What is Democratic Socialism? Questions and Answers from the Democratic Socialists of America", states that "no country has fully instituted democratic socialism". Nonetheless, according to the DSA there are lessons to be learned from "the comprehensive welfare state maintained by the Swedes, from Canada's national healthcare system, France's nationwide childcare program, and Nicaragua's literacy programs".[71] The "tremendous prosperity and relative economic equality" established by the Social Democratic Parties of the countries of Scandinavia and Western Europe are lauded.[71]
References
- ^ "Democratic Left". Democratic Socialists of America. Retrieved August 10, 2017.
- ^ Anna Heyward (December 21, 2017). "Since Trump's Victory, Democratic Socialists of America Has Become a Budding Political Force".
- ^ "9 questions about the Democratic Socialists of America you were too embarrassed to ask". Retrieved August 8, 2017.
- ^ "Democratic Socialists of America". Retrieved August 8, 2017.
- ^ "Populists, the Elites, and Us". Retrieved August 10, 2017.
- ^ "Fighting Faux Populism". Retrieved August 10, 2017.
- ^ CNN, Analysis by Gregory Krieg. "Democratic Socialists are taking themselves seriously. Should Democrats?". CNN. Retrieved August 10, 2017.
{{cite web}}
:|last=
has generic name (help) - ^ Garcia, Eric. "Democratic Socialists Want Bernie Sanders to Raise Their Profile". Retrieved August 8, 2017.
- ^ https://medium.com/@DSACommunistCaucus/dsa-communist-caucus-our-statement-bccd8fb2bcbd
- ^ "The Case for Ecosocialism". Retrieved August 8, 2017.
- ^ a b Weaver, Adam. "A Turning Point on the Left? Libertarian Caucus Debuts at Democratic Socialist Conference". Truthout. Retrieved August 8, 2017.
- ^ a b "DSA Libertarian Socialist Caucus". www.dsa-lsc.org. Retrieved August 8, 2017.
- ^ CNN, Gregory Krieg. "Will Trump backlash make American socialists great again?". CNN. Retrieved August 8, 2017.
{{cite web}}
:|last=
has generic name (help) - ^ https://medium.com/@DSACommunistCaucus/dsa-communist-caucus-our-statement-bccd8fb2bcbd
- ^ https://dsarefoundation.org/program
- ^ "15 DSA Members Elected!, 2017 election". Democratic Socialists of America. Retrieved November 11, 2017.
- ^ "DSA Votes for BDS, Reparations, and Out of the Socialist International". Retrieved August 8, 2017.
- ^ Maria Svart (November 7, 2011). "Let's Talk Democratic Socialism, Already". In These Times.
- ^
- Anonymous (31 December 1972). "Socialist Party now the Social Democrats, U.S.A." New York Times. p. 36. Retrieved February 8, 2010.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help)
- Anonymous (December 27, 1972). "Young Socialists open parley; to weigh 'New Politics' split" (PDF). New York Times. p. 25.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Johnston, Laurie (December 28, 1972). "Young Socialists defeat motion favoring recognition of Cuba" (PDF). New York Times. p. 15.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Anonymous (1 January 1973). "'Firmness' urged on Communists: Social Democrats reach end of U.S. Convention here" (PDF). The New York Times. p. 11.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help)
- Anonymous (31 December 1972). "Socialist Party now the Social Democrats, U.S.A." New York Times. p. 36. Retrieved February 8, 2010.
- ^ "What Is Democratic Socialism?". Democratic Socialist of America. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
- ^ Otterbein, Holly (November 18, 2017). "The Kids Are All Red: Socialism Rises Again in the Age of Trump". Philly Mag. Retrieved December 13, 2017.
- ^ Heyward, Amy (2017-12-01). "Since Trump's Victory, Democratic Socialists of America Has Become a Budding Political Force: Why an army of young people is joining DSA". The Nation. Retrieved 2017-12-25.
- ^ Hunt, E.K. (2002). Property and Prophets: The Evolution of Economic Institutions and Ideologi. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 260–261.
- ^ a b Mitgang, Herbert (August 2, 1989). "Michael Harrington, Socialist and Author, Is Dead". The New York Times. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
- ^ John Haer, "Reviving Socialism", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, May 1, 1982. Retrieved November 9, 2009.
- ^ O'Rourke (1993, pp. 195–196):
O'Rourke, William (1993). "L: Michael Harrington". Signs of the literary times: Essays, reviews, profiles, 1970–1992'. The Margins of Literature (SUNY Series). SUNY Press. pp. 192–196. ISBN 0-7914-1681-X. ISBN 9780791416815.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help)Originally: O'Rourke, William (13 November 1973). "Michael Harrington: Beyond Watergate, Sixties, and reform". SoHo Weekly News. 3 (2): 6–7.
{{cite journal}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - ^ Mike Davis, Prisoners of the American Dream: Politics and Economy in the History of the US Working Class. London: Verso; pp. 256-260, 275-276.
- ^ Manning Marable, Beyond Black and White: Transforming African-American Politics. London: Verso, 1996; pg. 61.
- ^ "Where We Stand: The Political Perspective of the Democratic Socialists of America," section 5. dsausa.org Retrieved March 24, 2006.
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Isserman, The Other American, pp. 351-352.
- ^ Harrington, Michael (March 31, 1987). "Willy Brandt May Even Yet Manage Resurrection No. 5". Los Angeles Times.
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(help) - ^ a b "What is Democratic Socialism? Questions and Answers from the Democratic Socialists of America" (PDF). Democratic Socialists of America. Retrieved February 24, 2010.
Further reading
- Kate Aronoff, "Are the Democratic Socialists of America for Real?" The New Republic, August 7, 2017.
- Joel Freedman, "No Enemies on the Left as DSOC and NAM Merge," New America [New York], vol. 18, no. 6 (November–December 1981), p. 5.
- Jennifer Swann, "How Democratic Socialists Are Building on Bernie's Momentum," Rolling Stone, February 8, 2017.
- "DSA Members Comment on Their 2017 Convention", Portside.org, August 24, 2017.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- DSA official website. — includes PDFs of most issues of Democratic Left published since 2001.
- Constitution of the DSA. dsausa.org Retrieved February 25, 2010.
- Young Democratic Socialists official website — youth affiliate of the DSA.
- Democratic socialist organizations in the United States
- Democratic socialist parties in the United States
- Political parties established in 1982
- Social democratic parties in the United States
- Socialist International
- Socialist Party of America
- Political conventions in Chicago
- 501(c)(4) nonprofit organizations