Jump to content

Jayne Mansfield: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Content deleted Content added
No edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:

{{Copyedit|date=January 2007}}


{{Infobox Playboy Playmate
{{Infobox Playboy Playmate

Revision as of 10:17, 5 February 2007


Jayne Mansfield
Preceded byBettie Page
Succeeded byMarilyn Waltz
Personal details
Height5 ft 6 in (168 cm)

Jayne Mansfield (born Vera Jayne Palmer, April 19, 193329 June 1967) was an American actress and Playboy centerfold.

One of the leading sex symbols of the 1950s, Mansfield starred in several popular Hollywood films that emphasized her platinum-blonde hair, dramatic hourglass figure, and cleavage-revealing costumes. Though she was a recipient of a Golden Globe Award and a Theatre World Award for two early screen and stage performances, her star status proved fleeting. By the time she died in an automobile accident at the age of 34, Mansfield's career had been reduced to nightclub appearances and roles in low-budget independent films.

Early life

Jayne Mansfield, of German and English ancestry, was the only child of Herbert William and Vera (nee Jeffrey) Palmer.[1] She was born in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania but spent her early childhood in Phillipsburg, New Jersey. When she was three years old her father, a lawyer who was in practice with future New Jersey governor Robert B. Meyner, died of a heart attack while driving in a car with his wife and daughter. After his death her mother worked as a school teacher and in 1939, when Vera Palmer remarried, the family moved to Dallas, Texas. Jayne's desire to become an actress developed at an early age. After high school she studied drama and physics at The Southern Methodist University.

In 1950, at age 16, Jayne married Paul Mansfield. Her acting aspirations were temporarily put on hold with the birth of her first child, Jayne Marie Mansfield, on November 8, 1950. She juggled motherhood with classes at the University of Texas at Austin, then spent a year at Camp Gordon, Georgia during her husband's service in the United States Army. She attended UCLA during the summer of 1953 then went back to Texas for fall quarter at Southern Methodist University in Texas. Back in Dallas, she became a student of actor Baruch Lumet, father of director Sidney Lumet and founder of the Dallas Institute of the Performing Arts. On October 22 1953 she first appeared on stage in a production of Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman.

Jayne won several beauty contests while living in Texas; these included Miss Photoflash, Miss Magnesium Lamp and Miss Fire Prevention. The one title she turned down was Miss Roquefort Cheese because she said it "just didn't sound right."[citation needed]

Acting career and celebrity

File:Jaynemansfield.jpg
Publicity still "Kiss Them for Me"

Jayne's husband hoped the birth of their child would discourage her interest in acting. When it did not he agreed to move to Los Angeles in late 1954 to help further her career.[2] Between a variety of odd jobs, including candy vender at a movie theatre, Jayne studied drama at UCLA. Her movie career began with bit parts at Warner Brothers. She had been signed by the studio after one its talent scouts discovered her in a production at the Pasadena Playhouse. Mansfield had small roles in Female Jungle (1954), and in Pete Kelly's Blues (1955) which starred Jack Webb.

In 1955 Paul Wendkos offered her the dramatic role of Gladden in The Burglar, his film adaptation of David Goodis' novel. The film was done in film noir style, and Mansfield appeared along side Dan Duryea and Martha Vickers. The Burglar was released two years later when Mansfield's fame was at its peak. She was successful in this straight dramatic role, though most of her subsequent film appearances would be either comedic in nature or capitalize on her sex appeal[citation needed]. After two more movies at Warner Bros., one of which gave her a minor role as Angel O'Hara, a hitman's mistress, opposite Edward G. Robinson in Illegal (1955).

Career high

File:JayneMansfield.jpg
Jayne Mansfield on the cover of Life magazine, April 23, 1956

In 1955, she went to New York and appeared in a prominent role in the Broadway production of George Axelrod's comedy Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter? (1955). The New York Times described as the "commendable abandon" of her scantily clad rendition of Rita Marlowe in the play, "a platinum-pated movie siren with the wavy contours of Marilyn Monroe.[3]

Mansfield then returned to Hollywood and starred in Frank Tashlin's film The Girl Can't Help It (1956). On May 3, 1956 she signed a long-term contract with 20th-Century Fox. She then played a straight dramatic role (albeit as a stripper) in The Wayward Bus (1957). With her role in this film she attempted to move away from her dumb blonde image and establish herself as a serious actress. This film was adapted from John Steinbeck's novel: the cast included Dan Dailey and Joan Collins. The role was a change of pace from Mansfield's stereotyped persona and the film enjoyed reasonable success at the box office.

She won a Golden Globe in 1957 for Most Promising Newcomer - Female, beating Carroll Baker and Natalie Wood, for her performance as a "wistful derelict" in The Wayward Bus. It was "generally conceded to have been her best acting", according to The New York Times, in a fitful career hampered by her flamboyant image, squeaky voice ("a soft-voiced coo punctuated with squeals"),[4] almost comically voluptuous figure, and limited acting range.

She then reprised her role of Rita Marlowe in the 1957 movie version of Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?, co-starring Tony Randall and Joan Blondell. The Girl Can't Help It and Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter? were popular successes in their day and are largely considered classics. Her fourth starring role in a Hollywood film was Kiss Them for Me (1957) in which she received prominent billing alongside Cary Grant. However, in the film itself she is little more than comedy relief while Grant's character shows a preference for a sleek, demure redhead portrayed by fashion model Suzy Parker. Kiss Them for Me was a box office disappointment and would prove to be her final starring role in a mainstream Hollywood studio film.

Career decline

Despite her monumental publicity and public popularity, good roles dried up for Mansfield after 1959, the year after she married Mickey Hargitay, a Hungarian-born bodybuilder who had been Mr. Universe 1955. The actress, nevertheless, kept busy in series of low-budget films mostly filmed in the Europe. These showed off as much of her anatomy as possible, but provided little display of her acting or comedic talents. Mansfield remained a highly visible personality even with these career setbacks.

Fox tried to cast Mansfield opposite Paul Newman in his (failed) first attempt at comedy, Rally round the flag, boys, but the actor preferred her Wayward Bus co-star Joan Collins.[citation needed] Among other unrealized projects, Joe Pasternak was to produce Three Blondes, a film based on a French novel by Pierre Dassete that (hopefully) would have co-starred Mansfield, Lana Turner and Kim Novak. However, the project was dropped before production began.[citation needed]

In 1960 Fox loaned her out to appear in two independent gangster thrillers in England. These were Too Hot to Handle which was directed by Terence Young and co-starred Karlheinz Böhm, and The Challenge co-starring Anthony Quayle. Fox also lined up It Happened in Athens. The Olympic-themed movie was filmed in Greece and would not be released until 1962. Despite receiving top billing in It Happened in Athens Mansfield was relegated to a colorful, scantily-clad supporting role.

Promises! Promises!

In 1963, the comedian turned producer-screenwriter Tommy Noonan persuaded Mansfield to become the first American mainstream actress to appear in the nude with a starring role in the film Promises! Promises! giving her nude body full exposure on the big screen. Photographs of a naked Mansfield on the set were published in Playboy. In one notorious set of images Mansfield stares at one of her breasts, as does her male secretary and a hair stylist, then grasps it in one hand and lifts it high. The sold out issue resulted in an obscenity charge for Hugh Hefner which was later dropped. (In Kenneth Anger's book Hollywood Babylon II, a photo from an unknown source reveals a shot from the movie's set in which Mansfield displays prominent pubic hair.) Promises! Promises! was banned in Cleveland, but it enjoyed box-office success elsewhere. Because of the film's success, Jayne landed on the Top 10 list of Box Office Attractions for that year. [5]

Career end

By the early 1960s Mansfield's reign in Hollywood was effectively over. One critic summed up her last decade of film vehicles as "one of the most consistently awful in cinema history". The decision to do nude scenes had ruined any chance of her return to prestige productions. Even Mansfield seemed stunned by her sudden shift in professional status, saying, "Once you were a starlet. Then you're a star. Can you be a starlet again?"

In 1963 she appeared in the low-budget West German movie Homesick for St. Pauli (a.k.a. Heimweh nach St. Pauli) with Austrian born schlager singer Freddy Quinn. Mansfield played Evelyne, a sexy American singer who traveling to Hamburg by ship. She is followed by an Elvis like American pop star (Quinn). Mansfield sang two German songs in the movie, though her speaking voice was dubbed.

Outside film

Stage work

Theater: Mansfield acted on stage as well as in film. Aside from the career-making run in Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter? she also appeared in stage productions of Gentlemen Prefer Blondes and Bus Stop, which were well reviewed and costarred Hargitay.

Tour: In October 1957, Jayne Mansfield went on a 16-country tour of Europe for 20th-Century Fox. She received much attention at the Cannes Film Festival and was presented to Queen Elizabeth on November 4, after a screening of the movie Les Girls, which starred Gene Kelly, Kay Kendall, and Mitzi Gaynor. "You are looking so beautiful," she said to the Queen, who replied, "Thank you very much indeed. So are you."[6]

Stage show: Dissatisfied with her film roles, Mansfield and Hargitay headlined at the Dunes in Las Vegas in an act called The House of Love, for which the actress earned $35,000 a week. It proved to be such a hit that she extended her stay, and 20th-Century Fox Records subsequently released the show as an album called Jayne Mansfield Busts Up Las Vegas, in 1962.

Nightclubs: In 1967, the year she died, Mansfield's time was split between nightclub performances and the production of her last film, Single Room, Furnished, a low-budget production that was directed by Cimber. Work on the movie was suspended when the Cimbers' marriage collapsed in the wake of the actress's alcohol abuse, open infidelities, and her claim to Cimber that she had only ever been happy with her former lover, Nelson Sardelli. Mansfield continued her nightclub appearances in the U.S., South America, England, and Asia and became romantically involved with her married divorce lawyer, Sam Brody.

Television

Though her roles were becoming increasingly marginalized, Mansfield turned down the plum role of the starlet Ginger Grant in the television sitcom Gilligan's Island, claiming that the role, which eventually was given to Tina Louise, was beneath her because "I am a movie star."

The actress toured with Bob Hope for the USO and appeared on numerous television programs, including The Jack Benny Show (where she played the violin), The Steve Allen Show, Down You Go, The Match Game(One rare episode exist with her as a team captain), and The Jackie Gleason Show. Mansfield's television roles included appearances in Burke's Law and The Alfred Hitchcock Hour. Returning from New York to Hollywood, she made several television appearances, including several spots as a featured guest star on game shows.

Recordings

Album cover of Shakespeare, Tchaikovsky & Me, 1964

In addition to singing in English and German in a number of films, in 1964, Mansfield released a novelty album called Jayne Mansfield: Shakespeare, Tchaikovsky & Me, on which she recited Shakespeare's sonnets and poems by Marlowe, Browning, Wordsworth, and others against a background of Tchaikovsky's music. The album cover depicted a bouffant-coiffed Mansfield with lips pursed, breasts barely covered by a fur stole, and posing between busts of the Russian composer and the Bard of Avon.[7]

The New York Times described the album as the actress reading "30-odd poems in a husky, urban, baby voice". The paper's reviewer went on to state that "Miss Mansfield is a lady with apparent charms, but reading poetry is not one of them."[8]

Publicity stunts

Jayne Mansfield is making a career of being a girl.

— Walter Winchell, reporter[9]

By the late 1950s, Mansfield began to generate a great deal of negative publicity due to her repeatedly successful attempts to expose her breasts in carefully staged public "accidents" that today would be euphemistically called "wardrobe malfunctions". Her bosom was so much a part of her public persona that talk-show host Jack Paar once welcomed the actress to The Tonight Show by saying, "Here they are, Jayne Mansfield" (the line was written for Paar by Dick Cavett).[10] Early in her career, the prominence of her breasts was considered problematic, leading her to be cut from her first professional assignment, an advertising campaign for General Electric, which depicted several young women in bathing suits relaxing around a pool[11].

Wardrobe malfunctions

Jayne Mansfield and Sophia Loren at Romanoff's in Beverly Hills

In April 1957, her bosom was the feature of a notorious publicity stunt intended to deflect attention from Sophia Loren during a dinner party in the Italian star's honor. Photographs of the encounter were published around the world. The most famous image showed Loren raising a contemptuous eyebrow as the American actress, who was standing between Loren and her dinner companion, Clifton Webb, leaned over the table and allowed her breasts to spill over her low neckline and expose one nipple.

A similar incident, resulting in the full exposure of both breasts, occurred during a film festival in Berlin, when Mansfield was wearing a low-cut dress and her second husband, Mickey Hargitay, picked her up so she could bite a bunch of grapes hanging overhead at a party; the movement caused her breasts to erupt out of the dress. The photograph of that episode was a UPI sensation, appearing in newspapers and magazines with the word "censored" hiding the actress's exposed bosom.

The world media was quick to condemn Mansfield's stunts, and one editorial columnist wrote, "We are amused when Miss Mansfield strains to pull in her stomach to fill out her bikini better. But we get angry when career-seeking women, shady ladies, and certain starlets and actresses ... use every opportunity to display their anatomy unasked."[12]

Debated measurements

Mansfield's most celebrated physical attributes would alternate in size due to her pregnancies and breast feeding five children, and indeed many photos show the actress's bosom appearing smaller than its reputed 40D measurement. During a nightclub tour in London, England in 1967, her breasts were measured by paparazzi, and they were reported to be 46D.[citation needed] The director and producer Russ Meyer said that Mansfield's reputation for being large-breasted was based on a misconception and due mainly to her visibly large ribcage and the adoption of daring decolletages.

Comparison to Marilyn Monroe

File:Jaynemansfield5.jpg
Publicity still - 20th Century fox

I don't know why you people [the press] like to compare me to Marilyn or that girl, what's her name, Kim Novak. Cleavage, of course, helped me a lot to get where I am. I don't know how they got there.

— Jayne Mansfield[13]

Another difficulty to retaining her position as America's bombshell, especially after the death of Marilyn Monroe, was that, according to The New York Times, Mansfield "suffers from too much publicity and too few roles. She has become rather a caricature—like Mae West—and alienates the segment [of movie-goers] which takes sex seriously."[14]

By 1962, if the studios held her in low regard as an actress, Mansfield still commanded high prices as a live performer, though she openly yearned to establish a more sophisticated image. She announced that she wanted to study acting in New York, in apparent emulation of Marilyn Monroe's stint with the Actors' Studio. But her reliance on the racy publicity that had set her path to fame would also prove to be her downfall. Fox didn't renew its contract with her in 1962.

Even with her film roles drying up she was widely considered to be Marilyn Monroe's primary rival in a crowded field of contenders that included Mamie Van Doren (whom Mansfield considered her professional nemesis), Cleo Moore, Diana Dors and Sheree North.

Personal Life

File:Jaynemansfield4.jpg
Jayne Mansfield and Mickey Hargitay

I need to have a man around. I have to sleep with a man every night. I really do.

— Jayne Mansfield[15]

Jayne Mansfield was married three times and divorced twice, producing five children. The actress reportedly also had affairs and sexual encounters with numerous individuals, including Claude Terrail (the owner of the Paris restaurant La Tour d'Argent), the Brazilian playboy billionaire Jorge Guinle,[16] and Robert F. Kennedy.[17] Her rival, Monroe had relations with Guinle and Robert's brother John F. Kennedy. She was accompanied, in her death, by her lawyer and boyfriend at the time, Sam Brody.

She had a brief affair with Jan Cremer, a young Dutch writer who dedicated his autobiographical novel I, Jan Cremer (1965) to the actress, who called it "a wild and sexy masterpiece" and the author "my Pop Hero".[18] She also had a well-publicized relationship in 1963 with the singer Nelson Sardelli, whom she said that she planned to marry once her divorce from Mickey Hargitay was finalized.[19]

Husbands/Children

  • Paul Mansfield, whom Mansfield secretly married on 28 January 1950. The couple had a public wedding on 10 May 1950 and was divorced from on 8 January 1958. During this marriage she had one child, Jayne Marie Mansfield (8 November 1950]]—), who was a Playboy centerfold in the magazine's July 1976 issue. Two weeks before her mother's death, Jayne Marie, then 16, accused her mother's boyfriend, Sam Brody, of beating her on 16 June 1967, at Mansfield's home on Sunset Boulevard.[20] The girl's statement to officers of the West Los Angeles police department the following morning implicated her mother in encouraging the abuse, and days later, a juvenile-court judge awarded temporary custody of Jayne Marie to a great-uncle, W.W. Pigue.[21]
  • Miklós Hargitay, an actor and bodybuilder who was Mr. Universe 1955. They were married on 13 January 1958 in Portuguese Bend, California and divorced in Juarez, Mexico in May 1963. The Mexican divorce initially was declared invalid in California but in August 1964 Mansfield successfully sued to have it declared legal. She had previously filed for divorce on 4 May 1962 but told reporters "I'm sure we will make it up."[22] Their acrimonious divorce had the actress accusing Hargitay of kidnapping one of her children to force a more favorable financial settlement.[23] During this marriage she had three children:
Miklós Jeffrey Palmer Hargitay (21 December 1958—)
Zoltan Anthony Hargitay (1 August 1960—)
Mariska Magdolina Hargitay (called Maria, 24 January 1964—), a 2005 Best Drama Actress Golden Globe award winner and a 2006 Outstanding Lead Drama Actress Emmy Award-winner; portrays Olivia Benson on the television show Law & Order: Special Victims Unit.
  • Matt Cimber (alias Matteo Ottaviano, né Thomas Vitale Ottaviano): an Italian-born film director. They married on 24 September 1964, got separated on 11 July 1965), and filed for divorce on 20 July 1966. [24] Cimber was a director with whom the actress had become involved when he directed her in a widely praised stage production of Bus Stop in Yonkers, New York, which costarred Hargitay. Cimber took over managing her career during their marriage. With him she had one son,
Antonio Raphael Ottaviano (a.k.a. Tony Cimber, 17 October 1965—).

The Pink Palace

I've been identified with pink throughout my career, but I'm not as crazy about it as I've led people to believe. My favorite colors are actually neutrals - black and white - but then who thinks of a movie queen in black and white? Everything has to be in living color.

— Jayne Mansfield[25]

In November 1957, shortly before her marriage to Hargitay, Mansfield bought a 40-room Mediterranean-style mansion formerly owned by Rudy Vallee at 10100 Sunset Boulevard in Beverly Hills, which she had painted pink and then called the "Pink Palace." As its name implies, the mansion's interior and exterior color scheme was largely what would become the actress's signature color, with cupids surrounded by pink fluorescent lights, pink furs in the bathrooms, a pink heart-shaped bathtub, and a fountain spurting pink champagne. Hargitay, who was a plumber and carpenter before he got into bodybuilding, built its famous pink heart-shaped swimming pool. Engelbert Humperdinck bought the Pink Palace in the 1970s. In 2002, he sold it to developers, and the house was demolished in November of that year.

Death

After an engagement at the Gus Stevens Supper Club in Biloxi, Mississippi, Mansfield, Brody, and their driver, Ronnie Harrison, along with the actress's children Miklós, Zoltan, and Mariska, headed in Stevens' 1966 Buick Electra 225 to New Orleans, where Mansfield was to appear in an early morning television interview. On June 29, at approximately 2:25 a.m., on U.S. Highway 90, the car, which was reportedly going 80 miles per hour, crashed into the rear of a tractor-trailer that had slowed down because of a truck spraying mosquito fogger. The children survived with minor injuries, but the adults were killed instantly.[26] The car was returned to its owner, Gus Stevens, who eventually sold it. It was in a museum in Florida for several years but now is owned by a Mansfield fan in North Carolina.

Rumors of decapitation: Rumors that Mansfield was decapitated have been proven untrue, though she did suffer severe head trauma. This urban legend was possibly spawned by the appearance in police photographs of what resembles a blonde wig tangled in the car's smashed windshield. It is believed that this was either a wig that Mansfield was wearing at the time, or was her actual hair and scalp and that she was scalped in the crash.[27]

Funeral: The actress's funeral was held on July 3, 1967, in Pen Argyl, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania. The ceremony was officiated by a Methodist minister, though Mansfield, who long tried to convert to Catholicism, had become interested in Judaism at the end of her life, through her relationship with Sam Brody, though she apparently had not officially converted.[28] She is interred in Fairview Cemetery, southeast of Pen Argyl.

Estate: Shortly after her funeral, Mickey Hargitay sued his former wife's estate for more than $275,000 to support the children, whom he and his third and last wife, Ellen Siano, would raise. Mansfield's youngest child, Tony, was raised by his father, Matt Cimber, whose divorce from the actress was pending when she was killed. In 1968, wrongful-death lawsuits were filed on behalf of Jayne Marie Mansfield and Matt Cimber, the former for $4.8 million and the latter for $2.7 million.[29]

Recognition

  • In the 1996 film Crash, a character recreates Mansfield's fatal accident and kills himself in the process.
  • The Japanese female rock band The 5.6.7.8's wrote a song titled "I Walk Like Jayne Mansfield", which is featured in the movie Kill Bill Vol. 1, directed by Quentin Tarantino.
  • The subject of the Siouxsie and the Banshees song Kiss Them for Me, the title of Mansfield's 1957 film.
  • In the film "To Wong Foo, Thanks For Everything! Julie Newmar", Patrick Swayze's character, Vida Boheme, remarked while trying out a used automobile, "I feel like Miss Jayne Mansfield in this car".
  • She was the subject of a sketch entitled 'The Worst Job I Ever 'Ad' by comedians Peter Cook and Dudley Moore alter-egos Derek and Clive from their 1976 LP Derk and Clive Live, in which Clive (Cook) had the terrible job of retrieving lobsters from Jayne Mansfield's derriere.
  • In 1989, the band L.A. Guns released "The Ballad of Jayne".
  • In the 2003 single "Overdrive," Katy Rose sang, "I'm sitting in Jayne Mansfield's car."
  • In 1990, the cyberpunk band Sigue Sigue Sputnik released "Hey Jane Mansfield Superstar"
  • During the late 1950s, the front bumpers of some American cars came with extensions that resembled a pair of the conical brassieres of the period. Soon after their introduction, these extensions were nicknamed "Jayne Mansfields."[citation needed]
  • Mansfield appears as a character in "Underworld", a 2005 novel by Don DeLillo [1]
  • In the Showtime series "Dead Like Me" she is referenced by George when ordering blueberry muffins with just the top of the muffin. "I'll have a Jayne Mansfield."
  • On the season 32 episode of Saturday Night Live hosted by frequent host Alec Baldwin (with musical guest Christina Aguilera), one of the commercial bumpers has Alec Baldwin PhotoShopped into the famous picture of Sophia Loren staring at Mansfield's chest at Romanoff's in Beverly Hills.
  • On an episode of Gilmore Girls, Lorelai goes fishing with Alex. She catches a fish, brings it home and names it Jayne Mansfield. She named it that beause she had a "great tail switch."

Filmography

Discography

Albums

  • Jayne Mansfield Busts up Las Vegas (20th Century Fox, 1962)
  • Shakespeare, Tchaikovsky and Me (MGM, 1964)
  • I Wanna Be Loved By You (Golden Options, 2000)
  • Dyed Blondes (Recall Records, 2002)
  • Too Hot to Handle (Blue Moon, France, 2003)

Singles

  • That Makes It (The Las Vegas Hillbillys)
  • Too Hot to Handle (Too Hot to handle)
  • Little Things Mean a Lot
  • As The Clouds Drift By
  • Suey
  • You Were Made for Me
  • Wo Ist Der Mann (Homesick for St. Pauli)
  • Snicksnack-Snucklchen (Homesick for St. Pauli)
  • It's a Living

See also

References

  • Strait, Raymond (July 1992). Here They Are Jayne Mansfield. USA: S.P.I. Books. ISBN 1-56171-146-2.
  • Saxton, Martha (1976). Jayne Mansfield and the American Fifties. USA: Bantam. ISBN 0-553-02556-2.
  • Luijters, Guus (June 1988). Sexbomb: The Life and Death of Jayne Mansfield. USA: Kensington. ISBN 0-8065-1049-8.
  • Faris, Jocelyn (November 1994). Jayne Mansfield: A Bio-Bibliography. UK: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-28544-6.
  • "Jayne Mansfield: Blonde Ambition", a documentary broadcast on the A&E Network in 2004.

Footnotes

  1. ^ Heller & More: PA, NJ, New England, Cornwall, NW Europe. worldconnect.rootsweb.com (4 January 2004). Retrieved on 2006-12-13.
  2. ^ Official Jayne Mansfield website, sanctioned by CMG Worldwide, official representatives of Jayne Mansfield estate. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
  3. ^ Atkinson, Brooks. "Theatre: Axelrod's Second Comedy", The New York Times, 14 October 1955, p. 22
  4. ^ "Jayne Mansfield Dies in New Orleans Car Crash", The New York Times, 30 June 1967, p. 33
  5. ^ Jayne Mansfield: A Bio-bibliography by Jocelyn Faris, p. 10
  6. ^ "Jayne Mansfield Meets Queen", The New York Times, 5 November 1957, p. 39
  7. ^ Welcome to Raymondo's Dance-o-rama. triad.rr.com Retrieved on 2006-12-13.
  8. ^ Lask, Thomas, "Poetry: Revised Editions", The New York Times, 30 August 1964, page X21
  9. ^ Strait, p. ??
  10. ^ "Country Boy", Time, 28 January 1966
  11. ^ Strait, p. 116
  12. ^ Strait, p. 116
  13. ^ Strait, p. ??
  14. ^ Glenn, Larry. "Hollywood Lacks a New 'Goddess'", The New York Times, 14 December 1962, p. 5
  15. ^ Strait, pp. 177-190
  16. ^ He loved them all. theage.com.au (September 22, 2003). Retrieved on 2006-12-13.
  17. ^ Strait, pp. 177-190, 153 - 157
  18. ^ "Books of the Times", The New York Times, 1 November 1965, p. 39
  19. ^ Strait, pp. 167-168, 170, 173-174, 195, 197, 202, 203, 207, 208, and 224-225
  20. ^ "Jayne Mansfield Dies in New Orleans Car Crash", The New York Times,30 June 1967, p. 33
  21. ^ Strait, pp. 288-289
  22. ^ "Miss Mansfield Asks Divorce", The New York Times, 4 May 1962, p. 25
  23. ^ Strait, p. 224
  24. ^ "Jayne Mansfield Asks Divorce", The New York Times, 21 July 1966, p. 20
  25. ^ Strait, p. ??
  26. ^ THE NIGHT JAYNE MANSFIELD DIED, June 29, 1967. walkerpub.com Retrieved on 2006-12-13.
  27. ^ Jayne Mansfield. snopes.com (3 January 2001). Retrieved on 2006-12-13.
  28. ^ Strait, p. 11
  29. ^ "Jayne Mansfield Suit Filed", The New York Times, 23 June 1968, p. 22
  30. ^ Jayne Mansfield Bios, Miss February 1955, Playboy Playmate Pic and Data Sheet. playboy.com. Retrieved on 2006-12-13.