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== History ==
== History ==
[[Health food store]]s on the [[West Coast of the United States]] began selling smoothies in the 1930s associated with invention of the [[Blender|electric blender]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brown |first=Ellen |title=The Complete Idiot's Guide to Smoothies |year=2005 |isbn=1-59257-318-5 |page=3}}</ref> The actual term "smoothie" was being used in [[recipe]]s and [[trademarks]] by the mid-1980s.<ref>{{cite web |date=2018 |title=Smoothie |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/smoothie |access-date=25 October 2018 |publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary, Douglas Harper}}</ref> In the 1960s Steve Kuhnau was inspired by his work as a [[soda jerk]] and began experimenting with smoothies. They were an alternative for the lactose intolerant Kuhnau to taste his own concoctions using unique blends of fruit juices, vegetables, protein powder, and vitamins. Kuhnau discovered early success in his smoothie sales and founded [[Smoothie King]]. Smoothie King expanded throughout the United States and would pioneer other smoothie businesses such as [[Jamba Juice]]. The smoothie was then modified by fast food chains with the addition of sweeter ingredients like chocolate and [[Splenda|Splendia]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moffitt |first=Sally |date=2014-06-01 |title=Sources: Food and Drink in American History: A “Full Course” Encyclopedia. |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.53n4.377a |journal=Reference & User Services Quarterly |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=377–377 |doi=10.5860/rusq.53n4.377a |issn=1094-9054}}</ref> In the 2000s, the smoothie was made at home as an alternative for daily consumption of fruits and vegetables.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Walkling-Ribeiro |first=Markus |last2=Noci |first2=Francesco |last3=Cronin |first3=Denis A. |last4=Lyng |first4=James G. |last5=Morgan |first5=Desmond J. |date=2010-09-01 |title=Shelf life and sensory attributes of a fruit smoothie-type beverage processed with moderate heat and pulsed electric fields |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0023643810000708 |journal=LWT - Food Science and Technology |language=en |volume=43 |issue=7 |pages=1067–1073 |doi=10.1016/j.lwt.2010.02.010 |issn=0023-6438}}</ref>
[[Health food store]]s on the [[West Coast of the United States]] began selling smoothies in the 1930s associated with invention of the [[Blender|electric blender]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brown |first=Ellen |title=The Complete Idiot's Guide to Smoothies |year=2005 |isbn=1-59257-318-5 |page=3}}</ref> The actual term "smoothie" was being used in [[recipe]]s and [[trademarks]] by the mid-1980s.<ref>{{cite web |date=2018 |title=Smoothie |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/smoothie |access-date=25 October 2018 |publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary, Douglas Harper}}</ref> In the 1960s Steve Kuhnau was inspired by his work as a [[soda jerk]] and began experimenting with smoothies. They were an alternative for the lactose intolerant Kuhnau to taste his own concoctions using unique blends of fruit juices, vegetables, protein powder, and vitamins. Kuhnau discovered early success in his smoothie sales and founded [[Smoothie King]]. Smoothie King expanded throughout the United States and would pioneer other smoothie businesses such as [[Jamba Juice]]. The smoothie was then modified by fast food chains with the addition of sweeter ingredients like chocolate and [[Splenda|Splendia]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moffitt |first=Sally |date=2014-06-01 |title=Sources: Food and Drink in American History: A “Full Course” Encyclopedia. |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.53n4.377a |journal=Reference & User Services Quarterly |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=377–377 |doi=10.5860/rusq.53n4.377a |issn=1094-9054}}</ref> In the 2000s, the smoothie was made at home as an alternative for daily consumption of fruits and vegetables.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Walkling-Ribeiro |first=Markus |last2=Noci |first2=Francesco |last3=Cronin |first3=Denis A. |last4=Lyng |first4=James G. |last5=Morgan |first5=Desmond J. |date=2010-09-01 |title=Shelf life and sensory attributes of a fruit smoothie-type beverage processed with moderate heat and pulsed electric fields |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0023643810000708 |journal=LWT - Food Science and Technology |language=en |volume=43 |issue=7 |pages=1067–1073 |doi=10.1016/j.lwt.2010.02.010 |issn=0023-6438}}</ref>

==Composition==

=== Base ===
The base is the majority of the smoothie and allows the smoothie to blend with ease. There are dairy options such as yogurt and milk as well as non-dairy options such as fruit juices, water, and [[Plant milk|plant-based milks]]. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=FS1245: Build a Better Smoothie (Rutgers NJAES) |url=https://njaes.rutgers.edu/fs1245/ |access-date=2022-02-22 |website=njaes.rutgers.edu |language=en}}</ref>

=== Fruits ===
Fruits are added to the mix for hints of sweetness and new flavors. Common fruits used are bananas, berries, mangos, pineapples, and avocados. Frozen fruits are used as an alternative to ice and provide the smoothie with a thicker consistency. Fruits with pulp can provide more fiber, but also adds a different texture to the smoothie. <ref name=":0" />

=== Vegetables ===
Vegetables can be added for increased antioxidants and fiber and may add a bit of bitterness to the smoothie. <ref name=":0" />

=== Sweeteners ===
Sweeteners such as honey, sugar, maple syrup, chocolate, ice cream, and condensed milk can be added based off of one's personal preference. Other various ingredients can be added as well such as seeds, nuts, and oats, for more nutrition.


==Health==
==Health==

Revision as of 11:34, 10 March 2022

Smoothie
Strawberry and lemon smoothie
Typecold beverage

A smoothie or smoothy is a drink made by puréeing fruit and vegetables in a blender.[1] A smoothie often has a liquid base such as fruit juice, dairy products, such as milk, yogurt, ice cream or cottage cheese. Other ingredients are often added, including non-dairy milk, crushed ice, sweeteners (honey or sugar), vinegar, whey powder, chocolate or nutritional supplements.

History

Health food stores on the West Coast of the United States began selling smoothies in the 1930s associated with invention of the electric blender.[2] The actual term "smoothie" was being used in recipes and trademarks by the mid-1980s.[3] In the 1960s Steve Kuhnau was inspired by his work as a soda jerk and began experimenting with smoothies. They were an alternative for the lactose intolerant Kuhnau to taste his own concoctions using unique blends of fruit juices, vegetables, protein powder, and vitamins. Kuhnau discovered early success in his smoothie sales and founded Smoothie King. Smoothie King expanded throughout the United States and would pioneer other smoothie businesses such as Jamba Juice. The smoothie was then modified by fast food chains with the addition of sweeter ingredients like chocolate and Splendia.[4] In the 2000s, the smoothie was made at home as an alternative for daily consumption of fruits and vegetables.[5]

Health

Blueberry smoothie topped with blueberries and pineapple pieces


The healthfulness of a smoothie depends on its ingredients and their proportions. Many smoothies include large or multiple servings of fruits and vegetables, which are recommended in a healthy diet and intended to be a meal replacement.[6] However, fruit juice containing high amounts of sugar can increase caloric intake and promote weight gain.[7][8] There is an increase in the amount of fruits and vegetables consumed through intake of smoothies. However, fruit juice containing high amounts of sugar can increase caloric intake and promote weight gain. Similarly, ingredients such as protein powders, sweeteners, or ice cream are often used in smoothie recipes, some of which contribute mostly to flavor and further caloric intake.[9][6][10] In a study in 2018, smoothies were found to be less satiating despite providing its consumer the same amount of energy if the consumer were to eat the real unblended foods.[11]

Types of Smoothies

Green Smoothie

A green smoothie typically consists of 40–50% green vegetables (roughly half), usually raw green leafy vegetables, such as spinach, kale, swiss chard, collard greens, celery, parsley, or broccoli, with the remaining ingredients being mostly or entirely fruit.[12][13][14] Wheatgrass and spirulina are also used as healthful ingredients. Most green leafy vegetables have a bitter flavor when served raw, but this can be ameliorated by choosing certain less-bitter vegetables (e.g. baby spinach) or combining with certain fruit (e.g. banana softens both the flavor and texture).[15] Some blender manufacturers now specifically target their products towards making green smoothies and provide a booklet of recipes for them.[16]

If the fruit ingredients and the green vegetable ingredients are both juiced ahead of time, the mixed juice doesn't even have to be blended like a smoothie, i.e. a green juice.

Protein Smoothie

A protein smoothie is a combination of water or some form of dairy product, protein powder, fruits, and vegetables. They can be consumed any part of the day and are used as protein supplement for those who want to increase their protein intake. Protein powder can have a chalky taste when mixed individually by itself with milk or water. The protein smoothie improves the taste of the protein powder through addition of fruits or other sweeteners. Common ingredients include bananas, frozen berries, peanut butter, maple syrup, and chocolate chips. [17]

Around the world

A smoothie drinks serving Jungle Juice Bar at the Galleria Esplanad shopping mall in Helsinki, Finland

Many different smoothies are part of Indian, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern cuisine. Fruit sharbat (a popular West and South Asian drink) sometimes include yogurt and honey, too. In India, the lassi is a smoothie or milkshake comprising crushed ice, yogurt, sugar, and mango; in the south, pineapple smoothies made with crushed ice, sugar and no yogurt are common.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Smoothie". Oxford Dictionary, Oxford University Press. 2018.
  2. ^ Brown, Ellen (2005). The Complete Idiot's Guide to Smoothies. p. 3. ISBN 1-59257-318-5.
  3. ^ "Smoothie". Online Etymology Dictionary, Douglas Harper. 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  4. ^ Moffitt, Sally (2014-06-01). "Sources: Food and Drink in American History: A "Full Course" Encyclopedia". Reference & User Services Quarterly. 53 (4): 377–377. doi:10.5860/rusq.53n4.377a. ISSN 1094-9054.
  5. ^ Walkling-Ribeiro, Markus; Noci, Francesco; Cronin, Denis A.; Lyng, James G.; Morgan, Desmond J. (2010-09-01). "Shelf life and sensory attributes of a fruit smoothie-type beverage processed with moderate heat and pulsed electric fields". LWT - Food Science and Technology. 43 (7): 1067–1073. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2010.02.010. ISSN 0023-6438.
  6. ^ a b Jeff Olsen (26 July 2017). "Mayo Clinic Minute: Get smart about smoothies". Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  7. ^ "Get the Facts: Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Consumption". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services. 23 October 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  8. ^ Boseley, Sarah (2013-09-07). "Smoothies and fruit juices are a new risk to health, US scientists warn". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2016-03-27.
  9. ^ University, Utah State. "Smoothies—Helpful or Harmful?". extension.usu.edu. Retrieved 2022-03-01.
  10. ^ "Rethink Your Drink". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services. 23 September 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  11. ^ Rogers, Peter J.; Shahrokni, Roya (2018-03-30). "A Comparison of the Satiety Effects of a Fruit Smoothie, Its Fresh Fruit Equivalent and Other Drinks". Nutrients. 10 (4): 431. doi:10.3390/nu10040431. ISSN 2072-6643. PMC 5946216. PMID 29601488.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  12. ^ Zavasta, Tonya (2009), "Smooth Moves: Enjoy the Benefit of Green Smoothies and Puddings", Raw Food and Hot Yoga, p. 39, ISBN 978-0-9742434-9-8, A green smoothie...is a mixture of about 60 percent fruit and 40 percent leafy greens blended together in a delicious, nourishing beverage.
  13. ^ Smith Jones, Susan (2008). Health Bliss, p.179. ISBN 1-4019-1241-9. "...about 50-60 percent fruit and 40-50 percent greens."
  14. ^ Caldwell, Kim (2009) How Green Smoothies Saved My Life: A Guide for Using Green Smoothies, Uplifted Thinking, and Live Food to Enhance Your Life, p.12. ISBN 0-615-30290-4.
  15. ^ "Drink your fruits and vegetables?". Harvard Heart Letter, Harvard Medical School. May 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  16. ^ (Nov 2008 - Jan 2009). Organic Gardening, p.44. Vol. 56, No. 1. ISSN 1536-108X.
  17. ^ "How to build a better smoothie, according to a nutritionist". NBC News. Retrieved 2022-03-01.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Smoothies.
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