Kanjuruhan Stadium disaster: Difference between revisions

2022 Kanjuruhan Stadium disaster
	Kanjuruhan Stadium in 2010
Date	1 October 2022
Location	Kanjuruhan Stadium, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
Coordinates	08°09′01″S 112°34′26″E / 8.15028°S 112.57389°E
Deaths	≥182
Non-fatal injuries	~180–190

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The 2022 Kanjuruhan Stadium disaster was a fatal human crush during a football match at Kanjuruhan Stadium, in Malang, East Java, Indonesia, on 1 October 2022. Following a loss by Arema FC to Persebaya Surabaya, Arema supporters invaded the pitch and rioted, attacking police and Persebaya players. In response, riot police units deployed tear gas, which triggered a stampede as the people in the stadium were asphyxiated by the gas. At least 182 died in the incident, with hundreds more injured. The incident is the deadliest football-related disaster in Asia, as well as the second-deadliest worldwide.

Background

Football hooliganism has had a long history in Indonesia, with dozens of supporters being killed since the 1990s. Several teams' fan clubs have so-called "commanders", and riot police units are present in many matches with flares often being used to disperse rioting crowds invading the pitch.^[3] In 2018, riots at Kanjuruhan following a match between Malang's Arema FC and Persib Bandung had resulted in a fatality after riot police employed tear gas to disperse crowds.^[4] Although FIFA regulations (19b) stated tear gas and firearms should not be used in stadiums by pitchside stewards or police^[5], the scope of this regulation does not extend to competitions not directly organized by FIFA,^[6] it is employed by Indonesian police riot units securing football matches.^[7]

Arema and Persebaya Surabaya, longstanding rival clubs as the Super East Java Derby, were scheduled to play a Liga 1 regular season match at Malang's 42,000-capacity Kanjuruhan Stadium on 1 October.^[8] Due to security concerns, police had requested that the match be held earlier in the afternoon instead of at 20:30 WIB (13:30 UTC), and that only 38,000 people be allowed to spectate; however the request was not accepted by Liga 1 officials and 42,000 tickets were printed.^[9]^[8]^[10] Following police advice, however, tickets to the match were not provided for Persebaya supporters.^[11]

Disaster

Throughout the match itself, the security situation had been smooth, without major incidents.^[12] Following the end of the match, in which Persebaya defeated Arema FC 3–2, approximately 3,000 supporters of Arema FC, nicknamed Aremania, invaded the pitch.^[13]^[14] They demanded to see their team's players and officials. Security officials and police tried to divert more Aremania away from the pitch, but with no avail.^[12] Then Aremania started to damage police vehicles and started fires in the stadium,^[13] forcing Persebaya's players to rush for cover inside locker rooms^[12] and then rush again into police armored personnel carriers for an hour before they could leave the stadium.^[12] The police began using tear gas in an attempt to disperse the rioters on the pitch, but the police also shot tear gas towards tribunes; tribune 12, 14, south and north tribune were also shot by tear gas,^[13]^[15]^[16]^[17] asphyxiating Aremania invading the pitch and other people there,^[13] causing Aremania to run frantically for the single exit point (Gate 12),^[18] resulting in a crush and further asphyxiations.^[7] Tear gas was also shot outside the stadium.^[19]

In the immediate aftermath of the riot, the players' lobby and changing rooms were used as makeshift evacuation posts, with Arema players and officials helping to evacuate victims still in the stadium prior to the victims being brought to hospitals by ambulances and Indonesian Army trucks.^[13]

Aftermath

Malang Regency Office of Health reported that 182 people were killed in the incident.^[1] Among the confirmed casualties from police reports are at least 125 Arema FC supporters and 2 police officers (Police First Brigadier Fajar Yoyok Pujiono and Police Brigadier Andik Purwanto).^[20]^[21]^[22]^[23] Minors, mostly from ages 12 to 17, are also included within the casualties, with 17 dead and 7 injured.^[24] The number is expected to further increase as some of the treated victims were "deteriorating".^[25] Among the fatalities, 34 were killed within the stadium, while the rest died while receiving medical treatment.^[26] The number of injuries is estimated at 180 or 190 people.^[27]^[28] The municipal government of Malang paid for the medical treatment of victims.^[29] The disaster is the second-deadliest in the history of association football worldwide, after the 1964 Estadio Nacional disaster in Peru which killed 328 people. It is also the deadliest in both Asia and Indonesia.^[30]^[31]^[32]

As a result of the incident, all Liga 1 matches were suspended for a week.^[33] The Football Association of Indonesia announced a ban on home matches for Arema for the rest of the season.^[34] President Joko Widodo later instructed the association to suspend all Liga 1 matches until all "evaluation of improvement of security procedures" is carried out.^[35]

The National Commission on Human Rights of Indonesia will investigate the incident and the use of tear gas by police.^[36] Although FIFA's rules say that tear gas should not be used inside stadiums, the chief of regional police defended its use, citing the threats posed by the rioters to team's players and officials.^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b "Update Terbaru, 182 Orang Meninggal Dalam Kerusuhan di Stadion Kanjuruhan Malang, Korban Dievakuasi ke RSSA". jatimhariini.co.id. 2 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ "At least 182 killed in stampede after soccer game in Indonesia, team says". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ Cave, Damien (1 October 2022). "Riots at Indonesian Soccer Match Leave Several Fans Dead". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ "Terulang, Tragedi Kelam 'Kanjuruhan Disaster' 2018 Silam". VIVA.co.id (in Indonesian). 2 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ "FIFA Stadium Safety and Security Regulations" (PDF). p. 32. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ "FIFA Stadium Safety and Security Regulations" (PDF). p. 12. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Dilarang FIFA, Kenapa Ada Tembakan Gas Air Mata di Stadion Kanjuruhan?". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 2 October 2022. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Arema Vs Persebaya ubah jadwal main untuk keamanan". Radar Bogor (in Indonesian). 27 September 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ Rizqo, Kanavino Ahmad. "127 Orang Tewas, Panpel Tolak Usul Polisi Percepat Pertandingan ke Sore Hari". detiknews (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ Indonesia, C. N. N. "Mahfud soal Tragedi Kanjuruhan: Kapasitas 38 Ribu, Cetak Tiket 42 Ribu". nasional (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ "Arema FC Vs Persebaya – Tidak Ada Tiket untuk Bonek". Bola Sport (in Indonesian). 25 September 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Kronologi Kerusuhan Usai Arema vs Persebaya yang Tewaskan 127 Orang". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 2 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Kericuhan di Kanjuruhan, Pemain Arema FC Bantu Evakuasi Korban". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). 1 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ "Dari 127 Korban Tewas, 34 Orang Meninggal di Stadion Kanjuruhan dalam Kerusuhan di Laga Arema FC vs Persebaya Surabaya". Okezone (in Indonesian). 2 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ Aminudin, Muhammad. "Alasan Polisi Tembakkan Gas Air Mata di Stadion Kanjuruhan: Suporter Sudah Anarkis". detikjatim (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ Media, Kompas Cyber (2 October 2022). "Tragedi Kanjuruhan Malang, Tofan Selamat, Sempat Sesak Napas Usai Hirup Gas Air Mata dan Sulit Dapat Jalan Keluar". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ Media, Kompas Cyber (2 October 2022). "Kesaksian Suporter Arema Melihat Korban "Pergi" Sebelum Kembali Halaman all". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ Media, Kompas Cyber (2 October 2022). "Tragedi Kanjuruhan Malang, Tofan Selamat, Sempat Sesak Napas Usai Hirup Gas Air Mata dan Sulit Dapat Jalan Keluar Halaman 2". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ Media, Kompas Cyber (2 October 2022). "Kesaksian Suporter Arema Melihat Korban "Pergi" Sebelum Kembali Halaman all". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ Detikcom, Tim. "127 Orang Tewas di Tragedi Kanjuruhan, Lampaui Kasus Hillsborough". sepakbola (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
^ Media, Kompas Cyber (1 October 2022). "Kerusuhan Suporter di Kanjuruhan Malang, 127 Orang Meninggal Dunia". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
^ Millar, Colin (1 October 2022). "127 football fans killed in riot involving tear gas as league suspended". mirror. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ Muttaqin, Adhar. "2 Polisi Tewas di Tragedi Kanjuruhan: Brigadir Andik dan Briptu Fajar Yoyok". detiknews (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ "KemenPPPA Jangkau Anak-anak Korban Tragedi Stadion Kanjuruhan" (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ "Indonesia: Dozens killed in clashes after football match". DW.COM. 2 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ "Dari 127 Korban Tewas, 34 Orang Meninggal di Stadion Kanjuruhan dalam Kerusuhan di Laga Arema FC vs Persebaya Surabaya". Okezone (in Indonesian). 2 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ Times, I. D. N.; Nafi'an, Muhammad Ilman. "Daftar Rumah Sakit yang Tampung Korban Tragedi Kanjuruhan". IDN Times (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ "Kadinkes: Korban Kericuhan Stadion Kanjuruhan Sudah Ditangani di Seluruh RS Malang" (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ "Situasi di RSUD Kanjuruhan Malang Dipenuhi Keluarga Korban Kerusuhan usai Laga Arema FC vs Persebaya". KOMPAS (in Indonesian). 2 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ BeritaSatu.com (2 October 2022). "Sepak Bola Paling Mematikan Dunia, Tragedi Kanjuruhan Nomor 2". beritasatu.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ Bolasport.com (2 October 2022). "Memilukan, Tragedi Kanjuruhan Jadi Insiden Paling Mematikan Kedua di Sepak Bola Dunia". www.bolasport.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ "130 Tewas Tragedi Kanjuruhan, Rekor Paling Mematikan di Indonesia". Olahraga. CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ "More than 120 people reportedly killed in riot at Indonesian football match". the Guardian. 1 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ "Ketua Umum PSSI: Arema FC Dilarang Gelar Laga Kandang di Sisa Liga 1 2022/23". Bola.net (in Indonesian). 2 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ Yanwardhana, Emir. "Tragedi Kanjuruhan, Jokowi: Liga 1 Dihentikan Sementara". CNBC Indonesia (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^ Widianto, Stanley; Sulaiman, Stefanno (2 October 2022). "Stampede, riot at Indonesia soccer match kill 129, police say". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[JatimHariIni-1] "Update Terbaru, 182 Orang Meninggal Dalam Kerusuhan di Stadion Kanjuruhan Malang, Korban Dievakuasi ke RSSA". jatimhariini.co.id. 2 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[2] "At least 182 killed in stampede after soccer game in Indonesia, team says". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[3] Cave, Damien (1 October 2022). "Riots at Indonesian Soccer Match Leave Several Fans Dead". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[4] "Terulang, Tragedi Kelam 'Kanjuruhan Disaster' 2018 Silam". VIVA.co.id (in Indonesian). 2 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[5] "FIFA Stadium Safety and Security Regulations" (PDF). p. 32. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[6] "FIFA Stadium Safety and Security Regulations" (PDF). p. 12. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[teargasbanned-7] "Dilarang FIFA, Kenapa Ada Tembakan Gas Air Mata di Stadion Kanjuruhan?". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 2 October 2022. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[rbogor-8] "Arema Vs Persebaya ubah jadwal main untuk keamanan". Radar Bogor (in Indonesian). 27 September 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[9] Rizqo, Kanavino Ahmad. "127 Orang Tewas, Panpel Tolak Usul Polisi Percepat Pertandingan ke Sore Hari". detiknews (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[10] Indonesia, C. N. N. "Mahfud soal Tragedi Kanjuruhan: Kapasitas 38 Ribu, Cetak Tiket 42 Ribu". nasional (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[11] "Arema FC Vs Persebaya – Tidak Ada Tiket untuk Bonek". Bola Sport (in Indonesian). 25 September 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[cnni-12] "Kronologi Kerusuhan Usai Arema vs Persebaya yang Tewaskan 127 Orang". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 2 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[bantu-13] "Kericuhan di Kanjuruhan, Pemain Arema FC Bantu Evakuasi Korban". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). 1 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[14] "Dari 127 Korban Tewas, 34 Orang Meninggal di Stadion Kanjuruhan dalam Kerusuhan di Laga Arema FC vs Persebaya Surabaya". Okezone (in Indonesian). 2 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[15] Aminudin, Muhammad. "Alasan Polisi Tembakkan Gas Air Mata di Stadion Kanjuruhan: Suporter Sudah Anarkis". detikjatim (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[16] Media, Kompas Cyber (2 October 2022). "Tragedi Kanjuruhan Malang, Tofan Selamat, Sempat Sesak Napas Usai Hirup Gas Air Mata dan Sulit Dapat Jalan Keluar". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[17] Media, Kompas Cyber (2 October 2022). "Kesaksian Suporter Arema Melihat Korban "Pergi" Sebelum Kembali Halaman all". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[18] Media, Kompas Cyber (2 October 2022). "Tragedi Kanjuruhan Malang, Tofan Selamat, Sempat Sesak Napas Usai Hirup Gas Air Mata dan Sulit Dapat Jalan Keluar Halaman 2". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[19] Media, Kompas Cyber (2 October 2022). "Kesaksian Suporter Arema Melihat Korban "Pergi" Sebelum Kembali Halaman all". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[20] Detikcom, Tim. "127 Orang Tewas di Tragedi Kanjuruhan, Lampaui Kasus Hillsborough". sepakbola (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2022.

[21] Media, Kompas Cyber (1 October 2022). "Kerusuhan Suporter di Kanjuruhan Malang, 127 Orang Meninggal Dunia". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2022.

[22] Millar, Colin (1 October 2022). "127 football fans killed in riot involving tear gas as league suspended". mirror. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[23] Muttaqin, Adhar. "2 Polisi Tewas di Tragedi Kanjuruhan: Brigadir Andik dan Briptu Fajar Yoyok". detiknews (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[24] "KemenPPPA Jangkau Anak-anak Korban Tragedi Stadion Kanjuruhan" (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[dw-25] "Indonesia: Dozens killed in clashes after football match". DW.COM. 2 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[26] "Dari 127 Korban Tewas, 34 Orang Meninggal di Stadion Kanjuruhan dalam Kerusuhan di Laga Arema FC vs Persebaya Surabaya". Okezone (in Indonesian). 2 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[27] Times, I. D. N.; Nafi'an, Muhammad Ilman. "Daftar Rumah Sakit yang Tampung Korban Tragedi Kanjuruhan". IDN Times (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[28] "Kadinkes: Korban Kericuhan Stadion Kanjuruhan Sudah Ditangani di Seluruh RS Malang" (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[29] "Situasi di RSUD Kanjuruhan Malang Dipenuhi Keluarga Korban Kerusuhan usai Laga Arema FC vs Persebaya". KOMPAS (in Indonesian). 2 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[30] BeritaSatu.com (2 October 2022). "Sepak Bola Paling Mematikan Dunia, Tragedi Kanjuruhan Nomor 2". beritasatu.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[31] Bolasport.com (2 October 2022). "Memilukan, Tragedi Kanjuruhan Jadi Insiden Paling Mematikan Kedua di Sepak Bola Dunia". www.bolasport.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[32] "130 Tewas Tragedi Kanjuruhan, Rekor Paling Mematikan di Indonesia". Olahraga. CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[33] "More than 120 people reportedly killed in riot at Indonesian football match". the Guardian. 1 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[34] "Ketua Umum PSSI: Arema FC Dilarang Gelar Laga Kandang di Sisa Liga 1 2022/23". Bola.net (in Indonesian). 2 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[35] Yanwardhana, Emir. "Tragedi Kanjuruhan, Jokowi: Liga 1 Dihentikan Sementara". CNBC Indonesia (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[36] Widianto, Stanley; Sulaiman, Stefanno (2 October 2022). "Stampede, riot at Indonesia soccer match kill 129, police say". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

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 == Background ==
-[[Football hooliganism]] has had a long history in [[Indonesia]], with dozens of supporters being killed since the 1990s. Several teams' fan clubs have so-called "commanders", and riot police units are present in many matches with flares often being used to disperse rioting crowds invading the pitch.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cave |first1=Damien |title=Riots at Indonesian Soccer Match Leave Several Fans Dead |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/01/world/asia/indonesia-soccer-football-dead-arema-persebaya-surabaya.html |access-date=2 October 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=1 October 2022 |archive-date=2 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002004620/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/01/world/asia/indonesia-soccer-football-dead-arema-persebaya-surabaya.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, riots at Kanjuruhan following a match between [[Malang]]'s [[Arema F.C.|Arema FC]] and [[Persib Bandung]] had resulted in a fatality after riot police employed tear gas to disperse crowds.<ref>{{cite news |title=Terulang, Tragedi Kelam 'Kanjuruhan Disaster' 2018 Silam |url=https://www.viva.co.id/bola/liga-indonesia/1527657-terulang-tragedi-kelam-kanjuruhan-disaster-2018-silam?page=2 |access-date=2 October 2022 |work=VIVA.co.id |date=2 October 2022 |language=id |archive-date=2 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002014756/https://www.viva.co.id/bola/liga-indonesia/1527657-terulang-tragedi-kelam-kanjuruhan-disaster-2018-silam?page=2 |url-status=live}}</ref> Although [[FIFA]] regulations (19b) stated tear gas and firearms should not be used in stadiums by pitchside stewards or police, the scope of this regulation does not extend to competitions not directly organized by FIFA,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/682f5864d03a756b/original/xycg4m3h1r1zudk7rnkb-pdf.pdf |title=FIFA Stadium Safety and Security Regulations |page=32 |access-date=2 October 2022 |archive-date=21 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621181430/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/682f5864d03a756b/original/xycg4m3h1r1zudk7rnkb-pdf.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> it is employed by [[Indonesian National Police|Indonesian police]] riot units securing football matches.<ref name="teargasbanned"/>
+[[Football hooliganism]] has had a long history in [[Indonesia]], with dozens of supporters being killed since the 1990s. Several teams' fan clubs have so-called "commanders", and riot police units are present in many matches with flares often being used to disperse rioting crowds invading the pitch.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cave |first1=Damien |title=Riots at Indonesian Soccer Match Leave Several Fans Dead |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/01/world/asia/indonesia-soccer-football-dead-arema-persebaya-surabaya.html |access-date=2 October 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=1 October 2022 |archive-date=2 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002004620/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/01/world/asia/indonesia-soccer-football-dead-arema-persebaya-surabaya.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, riots at Kanjuruhan following a match between [[Malang]]'s [[Arema F.C.|Arema FC]] and [[Persib Bandung]] had resulted in a fatality after riot police employed tear gas to disperse crowds.<ref>{{cite news |title=Terulang, Tragedi Kelam 'Kanjuruhan Disaster' 2018 Silam |url=https://www.viva.co.id/bola/liga-indonesia/1527657-terulang-tragedi-kelam-kanjuruhan-disaster-2018-silam?page=2 |access-date=2 October 2022 |work=VIVA.co.id |date=2 October 2022 |language=id |archive-date=2 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002014756/https://www.viva.co.id/bola/liga-indonesia/1527657-terulang-tragedi-kelam-kanjuruhan-disaster-2018-silam?page=2 |url-status=live}}</ref> Although [[FIFA]] regulations (19b) stated tear gas and firearms should not be used in stadiums by pitchside stewards or police<ref>{{cite web |url=https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/682f5864d03a756b/original/xycg4m3h1r1zudk7rnkb-pdf.pdf |title=FIFA Stadium Safety and Security Regulations |page=32 |access-date=2 October 2022 |archive-date=21 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621181430/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/682f5864d03a756b/original/xycg4m3h1r1zudk7rnkb-pdf.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>, the scope of this regulation does not extend to competitions not directly organized by FIFA,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/682f5864d03a756b/original/xycg4m3h1r1zudk7rnkb-pdf.pdf |title=FIFA Stadium Safety and Security Regulations |page=12 |access-date=2 October 2022 |archive-date=21 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621181430/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/682f5864d03a756b/original/xycg4m3h1r1zudk7rnkb-pdf.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> it is employed by [[Indonesian National Police|Indonesian police]] riot units securing football matches.<ref name="teargasbanned"/>
 Arema and [[Persebaya Surabaya]], longstanding rival clubs as the [[Super East Java Derby]], were scheduled to play a [[2022–23 Liga 1 (Indonesia)|Liga&nbsp;1]] regular season match at Malang's 42,000-capacity [[Kanjuruhan Stadium]] on 1 October.<ref name="rbogor"/> Due to security concerns, police had requested that the match be held earlier in the afternoon instead of at {{nowrap|20:30 [[Time in Indonesia|{{abbr|WIB|Waktu Indonesia Barat 'West Indonesia Time'}}]]}} ({{nowrap|13:30<!-- note: this presentation of utc conforms with mos:timezone --> [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]}}), and that only 38,000 people be allowed to spectate; however the request was not accepted by Liga&nbsp;1 officials and 42,000 tickets were printed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rizqo |first=Kanavino Ahmad |title=127 Orang Tewas, Panpel Tolak Usul Polisi Percepat Pertandingan ke Sore Hari |url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-6323920/127-orang-tewas-panpel-tolak-usul-polisi-percepat-pertandingan-ke-sore-hari |access-date=2 October 2022 |website=detiknews |language=id-ID |archive-date=2 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002014756/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-6323920/127-orang-tewas-panpel-tolak-usul-polisi-percepat-pertandingan-ke-sore-hari |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="rbogor">{{cite news |title=Arema Vs Persebaya ubah jadwal main untuk keamanan |url=https://www.radarbogor.id/2022/09/27/arema-vs-persebaya-ubah-jadwal-main-untuk-keamanan/ |access-date=2 October 2022 |work=Radar Bogor |date=27 September 2022 |language=id-ID |archive-date=2 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002014756/https://www.radarbogor.id/2022/09/27/arema-vs-persebaya-ubah-jadwal-main-untuk-keamanan/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Indonesia |first=C. N. N. |title=Mahfud soal Tragedi Kanjuruhan: Kapasitas 38 Ribu, Cetak Tiket 42 Ribu |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20221002075124-20-855208/mahfud-soal-tragedi-kanjuruhan-kapasitas-38-ribu-cetak-tiket-42-ribu |access-date=2 October 2022 |website=nasional |language=id-ID |archive-date=2 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002072904/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20221002075124-20-855208/mahfud-soal-tragedi-kanjuruhan-kapasitas-38-ribu-cetak-tiket-42-ribu |url-status=live }}</ref> Following police advice, however, tickets to the match were not provided for Persebaya supporters.<ref>{{cite news |title=Arema FC Vs Persebaya – Tidak Ada Tiket untuk Bonek |url=https://www.bolasport.com/read/313495482/arema-fc-vs-persebaya-tidak-ada-tiket-untuk-bonek |access-date=2 October 2022 |work=Bola Sport |date=25 September 2022 |language=id |archive-date=2 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002014756/https://www.bolasport.com/read/313495482/arema-fc-vs-persebaya-tidak-ada-tiket-untuk-bonek |url-status=live}}</ref>

v t e Crowd collapses and crushes
List of fatal crowd crushes
19th c.	1807 Newgate Prison 1823 Valletta 1876 Brooklyn Theatre 1883 Victoria Hall 1896 Khodynka
20th c.	1902 Shiloh Baptist Church 1903 Iroquois Theatre 1908 Barnsley Hall 1913 Italian Hall 1927 Laurier Palace 1943 Bethnal Green 1946 Burnden Park 1954 Kumbh Mela 1964 Estadio Nacional 1965 El Progreso Bullring 1967 Atatürk Stadium 1971 Ibrox 1974 Zamalek 1977 Xinjiang 61st Regiment Farm 1979 The Who concert 1981 Karaiskakis Stadium 1982 Luzhniki 1985 Heysel Stadium 1987 Shanghai Lujiazui 1988 Dasharath Stadium 1989 Tbilisi 1989 Hillsborough 1990 Mecca 1991 Oppenheimer Stadium 1992 Mahamaham 1992 Bastia 1993 Lan Kwai Fong 1994 Mecca 1994 Gowari 1996 Haridwar and Ujjain 1997 Uphaar Cinema 1998 Mecca 1999 Sabarimala 1999 Nyamiha (Minsk)
2000s	2000 Durban 2001 Mecca 2001 Ellis Park Stadium 2001 Accra Sports Stadium 2001 Akashi pedestrian bridge 2003 E2 nightclub 2003 The Station nightclub 2004 Mecca 2004 Miyun 2005 Mandher Devi temple 2005 Al-Aaimmah bridge 2005 Chennai (November) 2005 Chennai (December) 2006 Mecca 2006 PhilSports Stadium 2008 Bandung 2008 Naina Devi temple 2008 Jodhpur 2009 Houphouët-Boigny 2009 Mawazine
2010s	2010 Kor Royal Cup 2010 Pratapgarh 2010 Love Parade 2010 Phnom Penh 2011 Sabarimala 2012 Port Said Stadium 2012 Satsanga Deoghar 2013 Houphouët-Boigny 2013 Kiss nightclub 2013 Kumbh Mela 2013 Madhya Pradesh 2014 Mumbai 2014 Stade Tata Raphaël 2014 Patna 2014 Multan 2014 Kwekwe 2014 Shanghai Bund 2015 30 June Stadium 2015 Haiti 2015 Mina 2015 Colectiv nightclub 2017 Turin 2017 Mumbai 2018 Caracas 2018 Corinaldo 2019 Antananarivo 2019 Karbala 2019 Caracas
2020s	2020 Kerman 2020 Maligawatta 2020 Los Olivos 2021 Meron 2021 Astroworld Festival 2022 Vaishno Devi Temple 2022 Yaoundé 2022 Port Harcourt 2022 GBLA Stadium 2022 Giza 2022 Kanjuruhan Stadium 2022 Seoul 2023 Basra International Stadium 2023 Pakistan 2023 Sanaa 2023 San Salvador 2023 Brazzaville 2024 Hathras

Revision as of 08:01, 2 October 2022

Background

Disaster

Aftermath

See also

References