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'''Hurricane Ian''' was a large, deadly and destructive [[Category 4 Atlantic hurricane]] that caused widespread damage across western [[Cuba]] and the [[South Atlantic states|southeast United States]], especially the states of [[Florida]] and [[South Carolina]]. It was the ninth [[Tropical cyclone naming|named storm]], fourth [[hurricane]], and second [[major hurricane]] of the [[2022 Atlantic hurricane season]].
'''Hurricane Ian''' was the deadliest hurricane to strike the [[U.S state]] of [[Florida]] since the [[1935 Labor Day hurricane]]. A large and destructive [[Category 4 Atlantic hurricane]], Ian caused widespread damage across western [[Cuba]] and the [[South Atlantic states|southeast United States]], especially the states of [[Florida]] and [[South Carolina]]. It was the ninth [[Tropical cyclone naming|named storm]], fourth [[hurricane]], and second [[major hurricane]] of the [[2022 Atlantic hurricane season]].


Ian originated from a [[tropical wave]] that was located by the [[National Hurricane Center]] east of the [[Windward Islands]] on September 19, 2022. Two days later, the wave moved into the [[Caribbean Sea]], bringing winds and heavy rain to the [[ABC islands (Leeward Antilles)|ABC islands]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]], and the northern coasts of [[Venezuela]] and [[Colombia]] on {{nowrap|September 21 and 22}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=T&T sees flooding, roofs blown off |url=https://trinidadexpress.com/newsextra/t-t-sees-flooding-roofs-blown-off/article_36d827d2-3b68-11ed-b7e8-f31a900a4f8a.html |access-date=September 25, 2022 |website=Trinidad Express Newspapers |language=en |archive-date=September 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924143120/https://trinidadexpress.com/newsextra/t-t-sees-flooding-roofs-blown-off/article_36d827d2-3b68-11ed-b7e8-f31a900a4f8a.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Douglas |first=Sean |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Weather system passes over Trinidad and Tobago – Flooding, fallen trees, damage to homes |url=https://newsday.co.tt/2022/09/23/system-passes-over-tt-flooding-fallen-trees-damage-to-homes/ |access-date=September 25, 2022 |website=Trinidad and Tobago Newsday |language=en-US |archive-date=September 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923070714/https://newsday.co.tt/2022/09/23/system-passes-over-tt-flooding-fallen-trees-damage-to-homes/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="YCC 92222"/> It showed signs of developing into a [[tropical depression]] later that day, as convection increased and the system became more compact. After strengthening into Tropical Storm Ian, it became a hurricane as it neared the [[Cayman Islands]], before rapidly intensifying to a high-end Category 3 hurricane as it made landfall in western Cuba. Significant [[storm surge]] and heavy rainfall affected [[Cuba]], and the entire province of [[Pinar del Río Province|Pinar del Río]] lost power. It slightly weakened during its time over land, but re-strengthened once it moved into the southeastern [[Gulf of Mexico]] and over the [[Dry Tortugas]]. It became a high-end Category 4 hurricane early on September 28, 2022 as it progressed towards the west coast of [[Florida]]. Ian remained at Category 4 strength as it made landfall in [[southwest Florida]] on [[Cayo Costa Island]], tying with several other storms as the 5th-strongest hurricane on record to make landfall in the [[contiguous United States]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Masters |first1=Jeff |last2=Henson |first2=Bob |date=September 28, 2022 |title=Ian smashes into southwest Florida with historic force |url=http://yaleclimateconnections.org/2022/09/ian-smashes-into-southwest-florida-with-historic-force/ |access-date=September 29, 2022 |website=Yale Climate Connections |language=en-US |archive-date=September 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929140144/https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2022/09/ian-smashes-into-southwest-florida-with-historic-force/ |url-status=live }}</ref> After making a second landfall in Southwest Florida, Ian rapidly weakened to a tropical storm before moving back out into Atlantic, where the storm reintensified back to a hurricane and made landfall in [[South Carolina]].
Ian originated from a [[tropical wave]] that was located by the [[National Hurricane Center]] east of the [[Windward Islands]] on September 19, 2022. Two days later, the wave moved into the [[Caribbean Sea]], bringing winds and heavy rain to the [[ABC islands (Leeward Antilles)|ABC islands]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]], and the northern coasts of [[Venezuela]] and [[Colombia]] on {{nowrap|September 21 and 22}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=T&T sees flooding, roofs blown off |url=https://trinidadexpress.com/newsextra/t-t-sees-flooding-roofs-blown-off/article_36d827d2-3b68-11ed-b7e8-f31a900a4f8a.html |access-date=September 25, 2022 |website=Trinidad Express Newspapers |language=en |archive-date=September 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924143120/https://trinidadexpress.com/newsextra/t-t-sees-flooding-roofs-blown-off/article_36d827d2-3b68-11ed-b7e8-f31a900a4f8a.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Douglas |first=Sean |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Weather system passes over Trinidad and Tobago – Flooding, fallen trees, damage to homes |url=https://newsday.co.tt/2022/09/23/system-passes-over-tt-flooding-fallen-trees-damage-to-homes/ |access-date=September 25, 2022 |website=Trinidad and Tobago Newsday |language=en-US |archive-date=September 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923070714/https://newsday.co.tt/2022/09/23/system-passes-over-tt-flooding-fallen-trees-damage-to-homes/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="YCC 92222"/> It showed signs of developing into a [[tropical depression]] later that day, as convection increased and the system became more compact. After strengthening into Tropical Storm Ian, it became a hurricane as it neared the [[Cayman Islands]], before rapidly intensifying to a high-end Category 3 hurricane as it made landfall in western Cuba. Significant [[storm surge]] and heavy rainfall affected [[Cuba]], and the entire province of [[Pinar del Río Province|Pinar del Río]] lost power. It slightly weakened during its time over land, but re-strengthened once it moved into the southeastern [[Gulf of Mexico]] and over the [[Dry Tortugas]]. It became a high-end Category 4 hurricane early on September 28, 2022 as it progressed towards the west coast of [[Florida]]. Ian remained at Category 4 strength as it made landfall in [[southwest Florida]] on [[Cayo Costa Island]], tying with several other storms as the 5th-strongest hurricane on record to make landfall in the [[contiguous United States]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Masters |first1=Jeff |last2=Henson |first2=Bob |date=September 28, 2022 |title=Ian smashes into southwest Florida with historic force |url=http://yaleclimateconnections.org/2022/09/ian-smashes-into-southwest-florida-with-historic-force/ |access-date=September 29, 2022 |website=Yale Climate Connections |language=en-US |archive-date=September 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929140144/https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2022/09/ian-smashes-into-southwest-florida-with-historic-force/ |url-status=live }}</ref> After making a second landfall in Southwest Florida, Ian rapidly weakened to a tropical storm before moving back out into Atlantic, where the storm reintensified back to a hurricane and made landfall in [[South Carolina]].


Ian caused catastrophic damage in parts of Southwest Florida, mostly from flooding due to extreme storm surge and rainfall. In particular, the cities of [[Fort Myers Beach, Florida|Fort Myers Beach]] and [[Naples, Florida|Naples]] were impacted strongly. Millions were left without power in the storm's wake, and several inhabitants were forced to take refuge on their roofs. [[Sanibel, Florida|Sanibel]] suffered major flooding as well and [[Sanibel Causeway|its causeway]] collapsed. [[Pine Island (Lee County, Florida)|Pine Island in Lee County, Florida]] also suffered extreme damage and flooding, with the bridge to Fort Myers being leveled.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bridge to Pine Island battered by Ian; local evacuation operations underway; officials give update on response |url=https://www.pineisland-eagle.com/2022/10/02/florida-response-to-hurricane-ian-continues/ |website=Pine Island Eagle |access-date=3 October 2022}}</ref> In total, Hurricane Ian has caused at least 108 fatalities including 3 people in Cuba, 101 in Florida, and 4 in North Carolina as of October&nbsp;3, according to local officials.<ref name="NBC US 87 Deaths"/><ref name="3 Cuba Deaths"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Andone |first=Nouran Salahieh,Dakin |date=2022-10-03 |title=Florida's death toll from Hurricane Ian tops 100 as the search for survivors continues |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/03/us/hurricane-ian-florida-recovery-monday/index.html |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> This makes Ian the deadliest Florida hurricane since the [[1935 Labor Day hurricane]].
Ian caused catastrophic damage in parts of Southwest Florida, mostly from flooding due to extreme storm surge and rainfall. In particular, the cities of [[Fort Myers Beach, Florida|Fort Myers Beach]] and [[Naples, Florida|Naples]] were impacted strongly. Millions were left without power in the storm's wake, and several inhabitants were forced to take refuge on their roofs. [[Sanibel, Florida|Sanibel]] suffered major flooding as well and [[Sanibel Causeway|its causeway]] collapsed. [[Pine Island (Lee County, Florida)|Pine Island in Lee County, Florida]] also suffered extreme damage and flooding, with the bridge to Fort Myers being leveled.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bridge to Pine Island battered by Ian; local evacuation operations underway; officials give update on response |url=https://www.pineisland-eagle.com/2022/10/02/florida-response-to-hurricane-ian-continues/ |website=Pine Island Eagle |access-date=3 October 2022}}</ref> In total, Hurricane Ian has caused at least 108 fatalities including 3 people in Cuba, 101 in Florida, and 4 in North Carolina as of October&nbsp;3, according to local officials.<ref name="NBC US 87 Deaths"/><ref name="3 Cuba Deaths"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Andone |first=Nouran Salahieh,Dakin |date=2022-10-03 |title=Florida's death toll from Hurricane Ian tops 100 as the search for survivors continues |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/03/us/hurricane-ian-florida-recovery-monday/index.html |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref>


== Meteorological history ==
== Meteorological history ==

Revision as of 23:10, 4 October 2022

This article is about the Atlantic hurricane in 2022. For other storms of the same name, see Tropical Storm Ian.

Hurricane Ian
Category 4 major hurricane (SSHWS/NWS)
Hurricane Ian at peak intensity while approaching southwest Florida on September 28
FormedSeptember 23, 2022
DissipatedOctober 2, 2022
(Extratropical after September 30, 2022)
Highest winds1-minute sustained: 155 mph (250 km/h)
Lowest pressure936 mbar (hPa); 27.64 inHg
FatalitiesAt least 108 confirmed[1]
DamageUnknown
Areas affectedTrinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, Colombia, ABC islands, Jamaica, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Southeast United States (especially Florida and The Carolinas)
Part of the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season

Hurricane Ian was the deadliest hurricane to strike the U.S state of Florida since the 1935 Labor Day hurricane. A large and destructive Category 4 Atlantic hurricane, Ian caused widespread damage across western Cuba and the southeast United States, especially the states of Florida and South Carolina. It was the ninth named storm, fourth hurricane, and second major hurricane of the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season.

Ian originated from a tropical wave that was located by the National Hurricane Center east of the Windward Islands on September 19, 2022. Two days later, the wave moved into the Caribbean Sea, bringing winds and heavy rain to the ABC islands, Trinidad and Tobago, and the northern coasts of Venezuela and Colombia on September 21 and 22.[2][3][4] It showed signs of developing into a tropical depression later that day, as convection increased and the system became more compact. After strengthening into Tropical Storm Ian, it became a hurricane as it neared the Cayman Islands, before rapidly intensifying to a high-end Category 3 hurricane as it made landfall in western Cuba. Significant storm surge and heavy rainfall affected Cuba, and the entire province of Pinar del Río lost power. It slightly weakened during its time over land, but re-strengthened once it moved into the southeastern Gulf of Mexico and over the Dry Tortugas. It became a high-end Category 4 hurricane early on September 28, 2022 as it progressed towards the west coast of Florida. Ian remained at Category 4 strength as it made landfall in southwest Florida on Cayo Costa Island, tying with several other storms as the 5th-strongest hurricane on record to make landfall in the contiguous United States.[5] After making a second landfall in Southwest Florida, Ian rapidly weakened to a tropical storm before moving back out into Atlantic, where the storm reintensified back to a hurricane and made landfall in South Carolina.

Ian caused catastrophic damage in parts of Southwest Florida, mostly from flooding due to extreme storm surge and rainfall. In particular, the cities of Fort Myers Beach and Naples were impacted strongly. Millions were left without power in the storm's wake, and several inhabitants were forced to take refuge on their roofs. Sanibel suffered major flooding as well and its causeway collapsed. Pine Island in Lee County, Florida also suffered extreme damage and flooding, with the bridge to Fort Myers being leveled.[6] In total, Hurricane Ian has caused at least 108 fatalities including 3 people in Cuba, 101 in Florida, and 4 in North Carolina as of October 3, according to local officials.[1][7][8]

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On September 19, the NHC began tracking a tropical wave (designated as Invest-98L)[9][10] which was east of the Windward Islands watching for possible gradual development.[11] Two days later the disturbance passed over Trinidad and Tobago and entered the southeast Caribbean passing nearby the ABC Islands and to the northern coast of South America. On September 22, as the disturbance tracked west-northwestward it showed signs of increasing organization. Strong wind shear with 30–35 mph (45–55 km/h) winds generated by the upper-level outflow from Hurricane Fiona inhibited development into a tropical depression.[4] A well-defined circulation was still able to form within the disturbance the same day; its convection then increased and became persistent overnight into the next day. The result was it was designated Tropical Depression Nine early in the morning on September 23.[12]

Satellite imagery depicting Hurricane Ian making landfall in southwestern Florida on September 28

By 03:00 UTC on September 24, the depression's wind speed had increased to 40 mph (65 km/h), and thus was given the name Ian. At approximately 08:30 UTC on September 27, a rapidly intensifying Ian made landfall on western Cuba with sustained winds of 125 mph (205 km/h), becoming the strongest tropical cyclone to impact Pinar del Río Province since Hurricane Gustav in 2008.[13][14] Ian weakened a little over land, but remained a major hurricane as it emerged off the coast of Cuba and into the southeastern Gulf of Mexico around 14:00 UTC.[15] Ian strengthened slightly upon moving offshore,[16] but then initiated an eyewall replacement cycle, causing its wind speed to remain steady at 120 mph, although its pressure continued to fall as the hurricane grew in size.[17] It moved over the Dry Tortugas at 02:00 UTC with the same wind speed and a pressure of 947 mbar as it continued to reorganize.[18]

Ian near landfall on the South Carolina coast on September 30.

After completing the eyewall cycle a few hours later, Ian quickly strengthened, and it became a very powerful Category 4 hurricane at 09:00 UTC on September 28, with gravity waves propagating from the southwestern quadrant of the convection.[19] By 10:35 UTC on September 28, Ian strengthened further to its peak intensity with sustained winds of 155 mph (250 km/h) and an estimated central pressure of 936 mbar (27.6 inHg) as it neared Southwest Florida,[20] despite outflow being restricted in its southwestern quadrant by moderate wind shear.[21] Ian maintained its intensity for several hours before weakening slightly as it approached the coast of Florida, although it remained a Category 4 hurricane. At 19:05 UTC, Ian made landfall on Cayo Costa with sustained winds of 150 mph (240 km/h) and an estimated central pressure of 940 mbar (28 inHg), becoming the first Category 4 hurricane to impact Southwest Florida since Charley in 2004, which also made landfall at the same location.[22][23] Ian then made a second landfall just south of Punta Gorda near Pirate Harbor at 20:35 UTC with 145 mph (235 km/h) winds.[24]

Ian weakened to Category 3 strength at 23:00 UTC that day.[25] Continual land interaction resulted in frictional displacement of the system, and that coupled with high vertical wind shear caused Ian to quickly degrade to a tropical storm by 09:00 UTC as it moved north-northeast off of the eastern Florida coastline.[26] At 21:00 UTC, the system's low-level circulation had completely emerged off of the coast of Florida, and although the convection was slightly offset to the north, Ian intensified to a category 1 hurricane later that same day.[27] The system turned northward on morning of September 30, and accelerated toward the South Carolina coast. It strengthened some during this time, as deep convection re-developed near the center and hybrid frontal features moved away.[28] Ian made its third landfall that afternoon near Georgetown, South Carolina, just after 18:00 UTC, with sustained winds of 85 mph (140 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 977 mbar (28.85 inHg).[29] Ian began to weaken inland, and transitioned into a post-tropical cyclone over coastal South Carolina three hours after landfall.[30] The cyclone later dissipated over southern Virginia late on October 1.[31]

Preparations

Caribbean

Jamaica

The Meteorological Service of Jamaica issued tropical storm watches for the island of Jamaica on Friday, September 23, 2022. Flood warnings and marine warnings were issued simultaneously.[32]

Cayman Islands

The government of the Cayman Islands issued hurricane watches for its three islands – Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac, and Little Cayman – on September 23 at 21:00 UTC as Ian was projected to pass over the British Overseas Territory as a hurricane.[32] The National Emergency Operations Centre had gone into full activation mode. Along with the emergency services, the Cayman Islands Regiment and Cayman Islands Coast Guard saw the full mobilization and deployments of their personnel. In addition, the Governor of the Cayman Islands, Martyn Roper, requested for the United Kingdom to further deploy additional military assets to the islands for the Humanitarian Aid and Disaster Relief (HADR) Operations. Subsequently HMS Medway was deployed to the Cayman Islands. Helicopters from Royal Cayman Islands Police Service were also deployed to assist in the operation. At the time one of the helicopters was deployed to the Turks and Caicos Islands prior to the development of Ian to assist recovery efforts there after the passage of Hurricane Fiona. The Royal Navy also deployed its helicopter to assist. Schools, universities, and education centers closed the evening of September 23. On September 24 at 18:00 UTC, the hurricane watch for Grand Cayman was upgraded to a hurricane warning and the hurricane watch for Cayman Brac and Little Cayman was changed to a tropical storm watch. Flood warnings along with marine warnings were also issued for Grand Cayman.[33] The Cayman Islands Airports Authority were to continue to operate the airports until the afternoon of September 25, by which the airports would close down and all the aircraft at the airports were to be evacuated out.[34]

Cuba

Authorities in Cuba issued evacuation orders for around 50,000 people in the Pinar del Rio province and set up around 55 shelters prior to the storm. State media also stated that steps were being taken to protect food and crops in warehouses. Locals removed fishing boats in Havana and city workers inspected and unclogged storm drains.[35][36]

United States

Amtrak suspended its Auto Train service for September 27–28 and truncated the September 26 southbound Silver Star, which was already on a modified schedule due to the suspension of Silver Meteor, at Jacksonville, Florida, on September 27. Silver Star service was canceled for September 27–28 with the northbound Silver Star for September 29 also canceled.[37] Ian's updated track forecast than prompted them to suspend those services through October 1.[38] Palmetto service was also truncated for Washington D.C. on September 30[39] and October 1.[40] As Ian dissipated over the Carolinas, Amtrak modified its schedule, truncating the October 2 southbound Silver Star at Jacksonville, which would be the origin of the October 3 northbound Silver Star. Bus transportation was provided for Orlando and Tampa.[41] Additionally, the resumption of the Silver Meteor service, which had been suspended since January 24, 2022, due to a resurgence of the Omicron variant of COVID-19, was pushed back from October 3 to October 11.[42]

The ninth public hearing of the United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack, scheduled for September 28 was postponed.[43] The governors of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia declared a state of emergency in preparation of the incoming storm.[44][45][46][47] Over 3,500 flights were canceled as a direct result of Ian.[48][49][50] Amazon canceled warehouse operations in some facilities.

Florida

Weather Prediction Center Excessive Rainfall 3-Day Outlook for September 27–30.
Weather Prediction Center Excessive Rainfall 3-Day Outlook for September 28 – October 1.

On September 24, Florida Governor Ron DeSantis declared a state of emergency for the entire state of Florida.[51] Tampa Bay area schools also announced closures, and several colleges and universities, including the University of South Florida, the University of Tampa, and Eckerd College announced that they were canceling classes and closing.[52][53] By September 27, 55 public school districts across the state announced cancellations, many through the end of the week.[54] Officials at the Kennedy Space Center delayed the launch of NASA's Artemis 1, and the rocket was returned to the Vehicle Assembly Building.[55] President Joe Biden approved a state of emergency declaration for Florida on September 24.[56] Additionally, the Biden Administration declared a public health emergency for Florida as well.[57] Numerous airports and ports, including those in Tampa, Tampa Bay, Orlando, St. Petersburg, and Key West announced that they would be suspending operations.[58][59][60][61] Walt Disney World and Universal Orlando stated that they would be closing attractions.[62][63] Numerous stores, including Walmart and Waffle House, were closed because of the impending dangerous weather.[64][65]

Radar of Hurricane Ian approaching Southwest Florida at 10 am. EDT on September 28 at peak intensity.
President Biden meeting with FEMA officials in advance of hurricane on September 29

Mandatory evacuation orders were issued for parts of multiple counties.[66] Around 300,000 people may be evacuated from areas of Hillsborough County with schools and other locations being used as shelters. Governor DeSantis mobilized 5,000 Florida state national guard troops with another 2,000 on standby in neighboring states.[36] Officials in Tallahassee and nearby cities removed debris and monitored the cities power lines and storm-water systems to make sure the infrastructure systems were prepared and secure.[67]

The college football game between the East Carolina Pirates and the South Florida Bulls was moved from South Florida's stadium in Tampa to Boca Raton.[68] The Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League moved practices from Tampa south to the Miami Dolphins' training facility in Miami Gardens.[69]

A satellite image from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shows Hurricane Ian approaching Florida on Wednesday at 10:41 a.m. ET. (NOAA/NASA)

Georgia

Governor of Georgia Brian Kemp ordered the activation of the State Operations Center on September 26 which began preparations for the impact of the storm in the later part of the week.[67] Many farmers prepared prior to the storm by turning off irrigation systems to attempt to dry out the ground and harvest what they could, as much of the state's cotton crop has not been harvested yet.[70] Atlanta Motor Speedway opened their campgrounds to hurricane evacuees.[71]

South Carolina

Weather Prediction Center Excessive Rainfall Outlook for September 30, 2022.

The college football game between the South Carolina State Bulldogs and South Carolina Gamecocks scheduled for October 1 at 12:00 p.m. was moved up to September 29 at 7:00 p.m. on account of the storm.[72]

On September 30, the Weather Prediction Center issued a moderate risk of excessive rainfall for a large portion of South Carolina and North Carolina. In the afternoon of September 30, Hurricane Ian made landfall just south of Georgetown, South Carolina, causing flooding in the streets.[73][74]

Elsewhere

Talladega Superspeedway in Alabama and Charlotte Motor Speedway in North Carolina opened their campgrounds to hurricane evacuees.[71][75][76]

Bahamas

The eastward shift in Ian's track as well as increasing size of the hurricane prompted the issuance of a tropical storm warning for Bimini and Grand Bahama in The Bahamas late on September 27.[77]

Impact

Casualties and damage reported
Country Region Deaths Damage
(USD)
Cuba Pinar del Río 3[7] $200 million
(Per Karen and Co)[78]
United States Florida 101[79] $28–63 billion
(Per various sources)[78][80]
South Carolina 0
North Carolina 4[1]
Total:0 108 $63.2 billion

Caribbean

Cayman Islands

Minimal impacts were felt on the Cayman Islands as the storm passed to its west. The all-clear for the Islands was called at 3:00 pm. EDT on September 26 from the National Emergency Operations Center.[81] Several inches of rain and wind gusts of up to 50 mph (80 km/h) were observed at Seven Mile Beach on Grand Cayman, along with minor storm surge flooding.[82] Minor damage and scattered power outages were also reported.[83]

Cuba

Striking western Cuba as a Category 3 hurricane, Ian caused extensive damage throughout Pinar del Río and Mayabeque provinces. The storm made landfall at 4:30 local time on September 27, in Pinar del Río.[84] A peak wind gust of 129 mph (208 km/h) was observed in San Juan y Martínez. A 24-hour rainfall total of 4.3 in (108.3 mm) was measured on Isla de la Juventud. Significant storm surge inundation occurred along the coasts of the Gulf of Guanahacabibes and Isla de la Juventud.[85] Ian caused a power outage in the province of Pinar del Río, cutting power to the entire province, which had a population of 850,000.[86] The Cuba Institute of Meteorology located in Havana reported a sustained wind of 56 mph (90 km/h) with a gust to 87 mph (140 km/h) during the afternoon of September 27.[87] Two people were killed in Cuba: a man in San Juan y Martínez who was electrocuted while disconnecting a wind turbine used for irrigating his field, and a 43-year-old woman who died when one of the walls of her house collapsed.[88][89][90]

In the early morning of September 28, the storm knocked out power to the entirety of Cuba after a collapse of its power grid, which left 11 million people without power.[91][89]

United States

Florida

See also: List of United States tornadoes from July to October 2022 § September 27 event, and List of United States tornadoes from July to October 2022 § September 28 event
Naples, Florida observed water level peaked at at 6.18' above MHHW before the station was likely destroyed.

Several tornado touchdowns were reported in South Florida as the storm approached on September 27,[92] one of which severely damaged over 15 aircraft and several hangars at the North Perry Airport in Broward County.[93] Another tornado on the night of September 27 overturned multiple cars, shattered windows, and toppled a large tree onto an apartment building at Kings Point in Palm Beach County.[94]

Tropical-storm-force winds were observed at Key West International Airport before 22:00 UTC (18:00 EDT) the same day;[95] the City of Key West subsequently recorded its third-highest storm surge since 1913.[96] As the hurricane passed by, a boat carrying 27 Cuban migrants capsized off Stock Island. Nine people survived, two drowned and 16 others were still missing as of September 30.[97]

With the storm making landfall in Southwest Florida on September 28 as a strong Category 4 hurricane,[98] the National Weather Service in Tampa issued multiple extreme wind warnings, indicating the likelihood for sustained winds of 115 mph (185 km/h) or greater.[99][100][101] The National Hurricane Center's advisory at 15:00 UTC warned that the "extremely dangerous eyewall of Ian" is "moving onshore."[102] Additionally, Ian's offshore flow pulled a large amount of water out of Tampa Bay.[103] Sustained hurricane-force winds were confirmed in several places at the landfall point in Southwest Florida, including one report southeast of Cape Coral, where the location recorded a wind gust of 140 mph (225 km/h), around the time of Ian's second landfall.[104][105] A private weather station near Port Charlotte reported a sustained wind of 115 mph (185 km/h), with a wind gust of 132 mph (212 km/h).[25] At 7:47 pm. EDT, the National Weather Service issued a flash flood emergency for rainfall of up to 19 inches (48 cm).[106] Rainfall in Ponce Inlet recorded 31.52 inches (80.1 cm).[107]

Hurricane Ian 6-hour rainfall totals, showing a large area of 8–12 inches of rain on September 28

Storm surge also became a serious concern for Southwest Florida, with areas between Longboat Key and Chokoloskee projected to have between 6–18 feet (1.8–5.5 m) of storm surge, resulting in catastrophic damage.[108] In Naples, rising coastal floodwaters trapped people and prompted numerous calls for rescue. Water entered the first floor of several parking garages, impacting many cars. A fire station was completely flooded, substantially damaging nearly all of the equipment in the building. The ambulance bay and helipad were inundated at a hospital in North Naples. Multiple rescues occurred in Goodland after some people unsuccessfully attempted to flee the storm surge. Farther inland, 4 to 6 ft (1.2 to 1.8 m) of water covered portions of US 41 near Carnestown.[109] The city of Venice turned off water supply to the island of Venice, which has since been restored.[48]

Damage in Kings Point from an EF2 tornado spawned by Hurricane Ian
Roads flooded in Florida

Overall, more than 2.4 million people in Florida lost power during the storm and in its aftermath.[110][98] A large portion of the Sanibel Causeway collapsed and washed away during the storm, cutting off all vehicle access to Sanibel.[111][112]

As Ian approached the state, a boat carrying 27 Cuban migrants sank off Stock Island; altogether, 9 people were located and rescued, 2 drowned and 16 others were still missing as of September 30.[97] Five deaths were initially confirmed in Lee County, although the Lee County sheriff stated in a widely-shared interview that hundreds of deaths may have occurred. He and Governor DeSantis both later downplayed the remark.[113][114] By October 3, the official death toll in Lee County had risen to 42.[115] President Biden said that the storm could end up as the most fatal in Florida's history.[116] The Lee County sheriff also estimated that thousands of people may still be trapped in floodwaters.[113] At least six deaths occurred in the adjacent Charlotte County,[117] and two fatalities have been confirmed in Sarasota County.[118]

Almost every neighborhood in Orlando received flooding when many of the city's numerous lakes overflowed, with the city receiving 14 inches of rain. 250 people were rescued.[119] In Volusia County, to the northeast, one person died during the storm after he fell into a canal while draining his pool.[120] A New Smyrna Beach resident drowned in severe flooding while awaiting rescue and 180 residents of the city had to be evacuated,[121] with the coastal town receiving almost 29 inches of rain within 27 hours.[122] Additionally, on October 2, two electrical workers were electrocuted while working to restore power to parts of the city, with one receiving critical injuries.[123] In Melbourne to the south, Ian spawned an EF0 tornado that damaged only trees and no buildings.[124] Kennedy Space Center received a wind gust as high as 108 miles per hour (174 km/h), but only minor damage.[125]

Ian also caused two indirect deaths, a 94-year-old man and a 80-year-old woman, both due to disabled oxygen machines that they were using.[126]

The Carolinas

By 3:00 pm EDT on September 30, over 210,000 customers had lost power in the state from the hurricane.[127] A tidal gauge at Springmaid Pier in Myrtle Beach reached 10.77 in, beating the record of 9.8 in set by Hurricane Isaias two years prior.[128] As of 11:00 am EDT on October 1, an estimated 63,000 customers remained without power, primarily in Horry, Georgetown, Charleston, Florence, Williamsburg, and Berkeley Counties.[129]

By 3:30 pm EDT on September 30, 2022, over 76,000 people had lost power in the state, with 65,000 in Wake County alone.[130][non-primary source needed][131] There have been four storm related deaths in the state, three in Johnston County and one in Martin County.[132]

Elsewhere

By October 1, thousands had lost power in Virginia.[133]

During the first few days of October, the remnant low-pressure area of Hurricane Ian produced long-lasting rainfall and strong winds in the Mid-Atlantic. Widespread coastal flooding occurred along the Jersey Shore,[134] with Sea Isle City receiving 8.14 inches (20.7 cm) of rain between October 1 and 3.[135] AccuWeather described the system as a nor'easter which produced storm surge levels comparable to those of Hurricane Sandy. The rainfall alleviated drought conditions throughout much of New Jersey,[136] and is forecasted to last at late as October 5. The system also produced unseasonably cold temperatures across the region, with Trenton having a maximum temperature of 53 °F (12 °C) on October 4, one degree shy of the record daily high for that date.[135]

Aftermath

Cuba

Mass power outages and a nationwide blackout led to protests in Cuba, with at least 400 demonstrators demanding the central government restore power and Internet access.[137] A rare request of emergency assistance from the U.S. was approved by Joe Biden on September 30 after Ian passed.[138]

United States

Downed trees and clean up in Bartow, Florida.
A boarded up home in Port Charlotte, Florida, depicting threats of violence towards looters.

Soon after the conditions improved in impacted parts of Florida, search and rescue teams, first responders, and utility workers from un-impacted parts of Florida and across the country deployed to the area.[139][140][141] The American Red Cross mobilized and began to provide shelter and supplies to those who needed it as well.[142] Other organizations, international, federal and local mobilized to help spread donations throughout affected populations in the form of both monetary and physical donations.[143][144]

There were sporadic reports of looting and burglaries at several businesses in Lee County, Florida; alleged thefts of non-essential items such as sports apparel and athletic shoes during the height of the storm prompted officials to enforce a curfew in the county.[145][146]

Preliminary estimates of damage from Hurricane Ian are wide-ranging. Various analytic agencies and insurance companies have placed losses in the tens of billions. CoreLogic reported potential insured losses at $28–47 billion. Verisk Analytics indicated a total of $42–57 billion and potentially in excess of $60 billion when losses not covered under the National Flood Insurance Program are included.[80] Moody's Analytics calculated potential damage of $45–55 billion in Florida alone with billions more in South Carolina.[147] Total economic losses were estimated at $56 billion by Enki Research.[148] Karen Clark & Co. placed insured damage at nearly $63 billion with total economic losses in excess of $100 billion.[78]

Depiction in media

The storm was heavily shown and highlighted in both traditional media and social media. Coverage of Hurricane Ian was the most viewed by cable viewership on September 28 with the Weather Channel occupying eight of the top ten cable spots with continuous coverage of the storm.[149] Fox Weather, the weather streaming service from Fox News reported an average of 552,000 viewers on September 28 between 1:00-4:00 am ET when the storm made landfall in Florida.[150] Internet personality Ryan Hall, Y'all ranked number three on YouTube during a livestream covering Hurricane Ian on September 29.[151][152]

Photos and videos of the hurricane were posted throughout social media with a large amount seen on TikTok where videos posted under the hashtag #HurricaneIan had about 3.5 billion views by September 28, while on Instagram there were more than 65,000 posts with the same hashtag.[153] Others provided livestream feeds of their homes and surrounding areas during the hurricane.[154] Many Floridians who posted about the storm to social media found humor while discussing preparing for the hurricane, the storm, and its aftermath.[155] Some who sheltered in place at Walt Disney World documented or livestreamed their experiences and the storm, and in some cases monetized the videos which drew criticism from many. In one such case a Floridian YouTuber's video was disliked more then double the amount of times it was liked on the platform.[156][157]

Many asked for help on social media looking for loved ones after losing contact with them or getting pleas from them for aid. While Florida authorities urged Floridians to use official emergency channels to report emergencies and to limit personal information that could be shared, many discovered informal digital structures or relied on ones from previous disasters to help provide aid or finding missing individuals.[158]

See also

Historic comparisons to Ian

References

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