Timeline of Mars 2020

Self-portrait of Mars 2020 containing Perseverance rover and Ingenuity helicopter located at the Ingenuity helicopter drop site (7 April 2021)

Perseverance rover on Mars (artist; 18 February 2021)

The Mars 2020 mission, along with its rover Perseverance and helicopter Ingenuity, was launched from Earth on July 30, 2020. On February 15, 2022, The New York Times provided an overview of the Mars 2020 mission events since the landing in Jezero crater on Mars in February 2021. As of November 18, 2024, Perseverance has been on the planet Mars for 1332 sols (1369 total days; 3 years, 274 days).

Current weather data on Mars is being monitored by the Curiosity rover and the Insight lander. The Perseverance rover is also collecting weather data. (See the External links section)

Overview of mission

Prelaunch (2012–2020)

• 4 December 2012: Mars 2020 mission announced by NASA.
• 8–10 February 2017: Workshop held to discuss eight proposed landing sites for the mission. The three sites chosen were Jezero crater, Northeastern Syrtis Major Planum, and Columbia Hills.
• 30 July 2020: Atlas V rocket launched from Cape Canaveral.

Landing and initial tests (February–May 2021)

February 18: a new crater appears on Mars after impact of the 77-kg piece of tungsten thrown down during the EDL stage

After arriving on February 18th, Perseverance focused on validating its systems. During this phase, it used its science instruments for the first time, generated oxygen on Mars with MOXIE, and deployed Ingenuity. Ingenuity began the technology demonstration phase of its mission, completing five flights before transitioning to the operations demonstration phase of its mission.

• 18 February 2021: Landing in Jezero crater on Mars.
• 20 February 2021: Perseverance records the first audio from the surface of another planet.
• 4 March 2021: Perseverance rover's first test drive.
• 5 March 2021: NASA named the Perseverance rover landing site "Octavia E. Butler Landing".
• 3 April 2021: Deployment of Ingenuity.
• 8 April 2021: NASA reported the first MEDA weather report on Mars: for 3–4 April 2021, the high was "minus-7.6 degrees, and a low of minus-117.4 degrees ... [winds] gusting to ... 22 mph".
• 19 April 2021: First major flight test of Ingenuity.
• 20 April 2021: MOXIE made 5.37 g of oxygen gas from carbon dioxide on its first test on Mars
• 22 April 2021: Second flight test of Ingenuity
• 25 April 2021: Third flight test of Ingenuity.
• 30 April 2021: Fourth flight test of Ingenuity.
• 7 May 2021: Fifth flight test of Ingenuity. First one-way flight on Mars. Ingenuity's mission transitions from being a technology demonstration to being an operations demonstration.
• 22 May 2021: Sixth flight test of Ingenuity, first of the operations demonstration. A glitch with the navigation system caused the helicopter to land 5 meters away from its intended landing site.

Perseverance's first test drive (4 March 2021)

Rover's first wheel tracks

Rover's first test drive (animation-gif)

Rocket scour and tracks

Cratered floor campaign (June 2021-April 2022)

Perseverance rover - map of the first science campaign (yellow lines, below the landing site). The blue lines above the landing site correspond to the planned second campaign, although the second campaign did not officially start until the arrival of the rover at Three Forks.

The Cratered Floor Campaign was the first science campaign. It began on 1 June 2021, with the goal of exploring the Crater Floor Fractured Rough and Séítah geologic units. To avoid the sand dunes of the Séítah unit, Perseverance will mostly travel within the Crater Floor Fractured Rough geologic unit or along the boundary between the two units. The first of Perseverance's sample tubes are planned to be filled during this expedition.

After collecting the samples, Perseverance will return to its landing site, before continuing to the delta for its second science campaign. At some point, it will store the filled sample tubes in a designated area for the upcoming NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return mission. While Perseverance embarked on its first science campaign, Ingenuity continued to travel alongside the rover as part of its operations demonstration campaign.

• 1 June 2021: Perseverance begins its first science campaign.
• 8 June 2021: Seventh flight of Ingenuity.
• 21 June 2021: Eighth flight of Ingenuity. The "watchdog issue", a recurring issue which occasionally prevented Ingenuity from taking flight, is fixed.
• 5 July 2021: Ninth flight of Ingenuity. This flight is the first to explore areas only an aerial vehicle can, by taking a shortcut over the Séítah unit. The sandy ripples of the Séítah unit would prove too difficult for Perseverance to travel through directly.
• 7 July 2021: To test its sampling system, the rover ran one sample tube through inspection, sealing and storing and the attempt was successful. Up to this point, the rover has now used 1 of its 43 sample tubes.
• 24 July 2021: Tenth flight of Ingenuity.
• 4 August 2021: Eleventh flight of Ingenuity.
• 5-6 August 2021: Perseverance attempted to acquire its first sample from the ancient lakebed by drilling out "finger-size cores of Martian rock for return to Earth." This attempt did not succeed, as the rock sampled was not sufficiently consolidated to produce an intact core and has turned to dust. Up to this point, the rover has now used 2 of its 43 sample tubes. Later on, the mission team confirmed that though soil samples were not cached, but in this process the rover cached the gas samples of the martian atmosphere in it, being the first gas samples cached by the rover.
• 16 August 2021: Twelfth flight of Ingenuity.
• 1 September 2021: A second sampling attempt on a rock, named "Rochette", was successful.
• 4 September 2021: Thirteenth flight of Ingenuity.
• 8 September 2021: A third sampling attempt, also on Rochette, was successful.

Audio, imagery, and air pressure data acquired when a dust devil passed over the rover.

• 27 September 2021: Perseverance records the first audio of a dust devil passing over the rover, along with air pressure data and imagery of the event.
• 1 to 14 October 2021: Mars Solar Conjunction.
• 24 October 2021: Fourteenth flight of Ingenuity.
• 6 November 2021: Fifteen flight of Ingenuity.
• 15 November 2021: A sample was taken from the Brac Outcrop in the South Séítah Unit.
• 21 November 2021: Sixteenth flight of Ingenuity.
• 24 November 2021: Another sample was taken from the Brac Outcrop.
• 5 December 2021: Seventeenth flight of Ingenuity. Full data from the flight was not received until later, as Ingenuity initially landed in an area which prevented communication with the rover.
• 15 December 2021: Eighteenth flight of Ingenuity.
• 18 December 2021: A sample was taken from Issole in the South Séítah Unit.
• 29 December 2021: Perseverance attempted to take another sample from Issole, but was unable to successfully cache it.
• 31 January 2022: The failed sample attempt from Issole was abandoned, and a new, successful sample attempt was made on Issole.
• 8 February 2022: Nineteenth flight of Ingenuity. It had been planned for earlier, but a dust storm in the area caused delays.
• 25 February 2022: Twentieth flight of Ingenuity.
• 7 March 2022: A sample was taken from Sid in the Séítah Unit.
• 10 March 2022: Twenty-first flight of Ingenuity.
• 13 March 2022: A second sample was taken from Sid in the Séítah Unit.
• 20 March 2022: Twenty-second flight of Ingenuity.
• 24 March 2022: Twenty-third flight of Ingenuity.
• 28 March 2022: Perseverance enters rapid traverse mode, where it will remain for the rest of the science campaign.
• 3 April 2022: Twenty-fourth flight of Ingenuity.
• 8 April 2022: Twenty-fifth flight of Ingenuity. This flight went faster than all previous flights, at a speed of 5.5 meters per second. It also travelled 704 meters, which was farther than all previous flights.
• 13 April 2022: Perseverance arrives at the Jezero Delta.

Entry-descent-landing debris

Ingenuity photographed the spacecraft backshell and parachute (April 19).

Perseverance photographed the spacecraft backshell and parachute (April 14).

Ingenuity photographed an apparent EDL debris (April 3).

Perseverance photographed a thermal blanket from the skycrane 2 km (1.2 mi) away from its crash site.

Delta front campaign (April 2022 - January 2023)

In blue, the planned traverse of Perseverance. The second science campaign began just before the background map transitions to black and white.

The Delta Front Campaign was the second science campaign of the Mars 2020 mission. Ingenuity continued to travel alongside the rover as part of its operations demonstration campaign. After Perseverance traversed to the top of the delta, it began the third science campaign - the Delta Top Campaign.

• 18 April 2022: Perseverance officially begins the Delta Front Campaign.
• 19 April 2022: Twenty-sixth flight of Ingenuity.
• 21 April 2022: Perseverance leaves rapid traverse mode.
• 23 April 2022: Twenty-seventh flight of Ingenuity.
• 27 April 2022: NASA released images of the backshell that detached from the vehicle containing the Perseverance rover (and companion Ingenuity helicopter) during the landing phase on Mars in February 2021. The backshell and associated parachute were found about a mile from the landing site and images were taken by the companion helicopter during its 26th flight.
• 3 May 2022: NASA loses contact with Ingenuity due to it running out of power during the night.
• 5 May 2022: Contact with Ingenuity is regained. To avoid depleting the power, Ingenuity's heaters will not activate when battery temperature drops below -15 °Celsius. Ingenuity instead will turn off all electronics when the temperature drops below -40°.
• 22 August 2022: MOXIE produced a peak of 10.44 g (0.368 oz) per hour of oxygen. This represented a new record for Martian oxygen production. The team surpassed the design goal of 6 g (0.21 oz) per hour by over 4.4 g (0.16 oz). The peak rate was held for 1 minute of the 70 minutes oxygen was produced during the run.
• 14 October 2022: The third witness tube is created.
• 5 November 2022: Perseverance at Yuri Pass in Jezero Crater.
• 23 November 2022: NASA reported that the Perseverance rover was now in an area within Jezero crater where life-friendly molecules were found in nearly every rock studied but, so far, no sign of an expected lake bed at this location.
• 21 December 2022: Perseverance begins making the first sample depot.
• 29 January 2023: The first sample depot is completed.

Upper fan campaign (January 2023 - September 2023)

The possible route for second science campaign

The Upper Fan Campaign, also called the Delta Top Campaign, is the third science campaign of the Mars 2020 mission. Whereas prior campaigns investigated areas that are believed to have been submerged in an ancient lake, this campaign will investigate one of the riverbeds that used to feed into the lake.

• 30 March 2023: Perseverance collects the first sample of the Upper Fan Campaign.
• 13 April 2023: Ingenuity completes its 50th flight.
• 23 June 2023: Perseverance collects the second sample of the Upper Fan Campaign.
• 22 July 2023: Ingenuity's 53rd flight. For the first time since its 6th flight, in May 2021, Ingenuity's flight contingency system was triggered, causing it to land out of range of the rover.
• 3 August 2023: Ingenuity's 54th flight, the first flight since it landed out of range of the rover.
• 6 September 2023: MOXIE completes its 16th, and final, oxygen generation test.
• 15 September 2023: Perseverance reaches the margin carbonate unit. The third and final sample of the Upper Fan Campaign is taken.

Margin campaign (September 2023 - present)

The Margin Campaign is the fourth, currently ongoing science campaign of the Mars 2020 mission. The campaign expected to last around 8 months, after which point Perseverance is expected to begin the Inner Rim Campaign. The campaign gets its name from the geological unit it aims to explore - the margin carbonate unit. Rocks in this unit are capable of containing traces of life, and their formation is tied to the presence of liquid water.

• 15 September 2023: The Margin Campaign begins.
• 16 September 2023: Perseverance creates the "Amherst Point" abrasion batch at the Mandu Wall, beginning its first series of studies in the Margin Campaign.

.

Samples cached for the Mars sample-return mission

Main article: NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return

In the frame of the NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return around 0.5 kilograms (1.1 lb) of soil samples along with some Martian gas samples from the atmosphere will be cached. Currently, samples are being cached by Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover on the surface of Mars. Out of 43 sample tubes, rock sample tubes cached-15, gas sample tubes cached-1, regolith sample tubes cached: 2, witness tubes cached-3, tubes due to be cached-22. Before launch, 5 of the 43 tubes were designated "witness tubes" and filled with materials that would capture particulates in the ambient environment of Mars.

Mars sample-return mission - Sampling Process

Context

MidView

CloseUp

Sample in drill

Sampling drill

Sample Tube 233

Perseverance Deposits Its First Sample on the Martian Surface

Mapping Perseverance's samples collected to date (The 10 duplicate samples to be left behind at Three Forks Sample Depot are framed in green colour.)

Perseverance at Rochette rock (10 September 2021)

"Rochette" rock − successful borehole sampling of a second rock (1 September 2021)

Perseverance analyzes Rochette rock (August 2021)

After abrading rock

Bellegarde patch

WATSON view

PIXL view

Location and Current Status

• 
  Overview map of the Perseverance rover
  (18 February 2021)
• 
  Close-up map of the Perseverance rover
  (18 February 2021)
• 
  Mars Perseverance rover – possible routes for exploration and study
• 
  Potential rover paths from the Enchanted Lake west to the rim of Jezero crater as of September 2022
• 
  Octavia E. Butler Landing In Jezero Crater
  (5 March 2021)
• 
  Perseverance rover track and Ingenuity helicopter flight zone seen after rover had reached Van Zyl Overlook
• 
  Ingenuity helicopter flight path and Perseverance Traverse Path showing their current locations. Live link
• 
  The distance traveled over time of Perseverance and Ingenuity
• 
  26035 Map-of-Ingenuitys-Ninth-Flight-Path
• 
  Perseverance enters Séítah on sol 201
• 
  Perseverance rover viewed from space
  (28 September 2021)
• 
  Flight Profile for Ingenuity's Flight 15
• 
  Dust storm on Mars - Jezero crater (white circle) (9 January 2022)
• 
  Location before 2021 solar conjunction
  (R²¹⁰ rover/sol 210;
  H¹⁶³
  ₁,H¹⁷⁴
  ₂,H¹⁹³
  ₃ are 1st,2nd,3rd sites of Ingenuity on Field H on sols 163,174,193)
• 
  Ingenuity helicopter at "Airfield Theta"
  (26 February 2023)
• 
  Perseverance (orange) and Ingenuity (green)
  (anim; 23 March 2023)

• 8 June 2023: Perseverance rover – Quadrant Themes - Gale Crater

  

  Mars Perseverance Rover - Quadrant Themes (8 June 2023)

Perseverance rover near ancient river delta

• 
  Route To Delta
• 
  Delta Front
• 
  Delta view
  (11 April 2022)
• 
  Drive to Delta
  (Gif; 9 April 2022)
• 
  Delta Sampling Locations
• 
  Skinner Ridge
• 
  Wildcat Ridge Sampling Location
  (4 August 2022)
• 
  Future Sample Dropoff Location
  (29 August 2022)
• 
  Future Drive Paths to crater rim
• 
  Yuri Pass - Sample Area
  (5 November 5, 2022)

Gallery

Mars – Perseverance rover – landing site panoramic view (18 February 2021)

Mars – Perseverance rover – EDL overview (18 February 2021)

Mars Helicopter Route Options out of 'Séítah' with EDL hardware

Self-portraits

Mars 2020 rover – Selfie process (animated; 2:04; 6 April 2021)

Mars 2020 in Jezero crater on Mars — self-portraits

Octavia E. Butler Landing
(February 2021)

Wright Brothers Field
(April 2021)

Van Zyl (April 2021)

Ingenuity views Perseverance
(August 2021)

Rochette
(September 2021)

Three Forks
(January 2023)

Videos

• Jezero Crater Formation by asteroid impact (animation)
• Entry, descent, and landing (EDL) on Mars (animation)
• Mars Perseverance rover - drive view
  (1 July 2021)
• Mars Perseverance rover - 2-year drive
  (17 February 2023)

Images

Perseverance rover on Mars

• 
  First image received after landing (BW photo)
• 
  First color photo
• 
  Mastcam-Z Calibration target
• 
  PIXL seen on Mars from the left Navcam
• 
  Perseverance's first study target
• 
  Rover test drive
  (7 March 2021)
• 
  SuperCam calibration target with Mars meteorite
• 
  SHERLOC calibration target
• 
  Delta sediment remnant
• 
  PIXL Calibration target
• 
  Artuby outcrop
  (17 June 2021)
• 
  Examining "paver rocks"
  (10 July 2021)
• 
  "CraterFloorFractRough"
  (8 July 2021)
• 
  "CraterFloorFractRough"
  (15 July 2021)
• 
  Jezero crater - Scarp A
  (17 April 2021)
• 
  Garde rock-SHERLOC
  (18 September 2021)
• 
  Garde rock-SHERLOC
  (18 September 2021)
• 
  Dourbes rock-WATSON
  (5 November 2021)
• 
  Dourbes rock-PIXL
  (5 November 2021)
• 
  Perseverance looks back at its tracks
  (17 March 2022)
• 
  Parachute found
  (6 April 2022)
• 
  Phobos Solar Eclipse
  (Gif; 20 April 2022)
• 
  Perseverance viewed by Ingenuity at Belva Crater (22 April 2023)

Ingenuity helicopter's flights on Mars

Flights on Mars – viewed by the Perseverance rover

Ingenuity's first flight
(19 April 2021)

Ingenuity's first flight after 30 secs flying

Ingenuity's second flight
(22 April 2021)

Ingenuity's third fight
(25 April 2021)

Ingenuity's fourth flight
(30 April 2021)

Ingenuity's successful fifth flight to "Airfield B"
(7 May 2021)

Ingenuity helicopter on Mars

Images from Ingenuity helicopter

Ingenuity's first color image after deployment
(4 April 2021)

Ingenuity on sol 45

Ingenuity's first image on first flight – altitude 1.2 m (3 ft 11 in)

Ingenuity landing from its first flight (19 April 2021)

First color aerial image taken – altitude 5.2 m (17 ft) (22 April 2021)

Ingenuity views rover (left-up) from 5.0 m (16.4 ft) (25 April 2021)

Rover from 5.0 m (16.4 ft) high

Ingenuity's shadow during third test flight (25 April 2021)

Ingenuity's fourth flight (30 April 2021)

Ingenuity finds new Airfield B on fourth flight (30 April 2021)

Ingenuity during anomaly survivor sixth flight on sol 91

Ingenuity's fifth flight from 10 m (33 ft) high (7 May 2021)

Ingenuity's sixth flight from 10 m (33 ft) high (22 May 2021)

Ingenuity flight six navcam imagery showing last 29 seconds in flight along with navigation anomaly

The Ingenuity helicopter views the Perseverance rover (left) about 85 m (279 ft) away from 5.0 m (16.4 ft) in the air (25 April 2021)

Ingenuity deployment and pre-flight operations on Mars

Mars Ingenuity helicopter tests

Wright Brothers Field flight zone and rover locations

Map of Wright Brothers Field

Rover view of the field

Flight zone activities

Rover track and Wright Brothers Field

Ingenuity helicopter deployment: out from under the Perseverance rover and pre-flight testing operations

Successful deployment on Mars

Ingenuity helicopter rotor blades unlocked for flying

Ingenuity on sol 48

Ingenuity gives its blades a slow-speed spin up test or 50 rpm test spin on sol 48

Ingenuity gives high-speed spin up test or 2400 rpm test spin on sol 55

Ingenuity base station on rover

Debris shield removed

Legs deployed

Landing

• 
  HiRISE image of Perseverance descent
• 
  HiRISE image (cropped) of descent
• 
  View up at descent stage from Perseverance.
• 
  View of landing from sky crane.
• 
  Dust plume from descent stage right after landing (B+W)
• 
  View of Perseverance from orbit shortly after landing (HiRISE)

Launch

• 
  AV-088, the Atlas V 541 rocket, at launch

Prelaunch

• 
  Artist's rendition of rover
• 
  Rover at NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab
• 
  Helicopter team with Ingenuity
• 
  Cruise stage connected to the back shell
• 
  Heat shield and back shell to protect the rover
• 
  Powered descent stage
• 
  Five critical components involved in landing the rover

Other images

• 
  Top of rover with "Family Portrait" (B+W)
• 
  "Family Portrait" decal close-up (with text labels added)
• 
  Mars 2020 COVID-19 healthworkers plate
• 
  Rover DNA inscription
• 
  MOXIE first Martian oxygen production test on 20 April 2021, graph
• 
  The full-scale engineering model of Perseverance, OPTIMISM rover
• 
  Regolith sampling tested by OPTIMISM
• 
  Perseverance rover's sampling bits
  

  • The pointed one with two windows on left is Regolith drill
  • the two shorter ones on left are Abrasion tools
  • the rest in center are Rock drills

Wide images

Scarps Of Jezero Crater - viewed from space (7 October 2021)

Panorama from Perseverance viewing the South Séítah geologic unit (12 September 2021)

Perseverance viewing first drill site (enhanced color; 28 July 2021)

Perseverance views Santa Cruz Hill in Jezero Crater (29 April 2021)

The Ingenuity helicopter views the Perseverance rover (left) about 85 m (279 ft) away from 5.0 m (16.4 ft) in the air (25 April 2021)

Perseverance views Kodiak Hill (18 April 2021)

Panorama from Perseverance - scarps of Jezero Crater (17 April 2021)

Perseverance views "Delta Scarp" from over a mile away (17 March 2021)

Panorama of Perseverance views Santa Cruz (16 February 2022)

Panorama from Perseverance's landing site (21 February 2021)

Panorama from Perseverance's landing site (ultra-high-rez; 22 February 2021)

Perseverance views "Pinestand" in Jezero Crater (enhanced color; 26 February 2023)

Mars sunset viewed by the Perseverance rover (9 November 2021)

(view • discuss)

Interactive image map of the global topography of Mars, overlaid with the position of Martian rovers and landers. Coloring of the base map indicates relative elevations of Martian surface.

---

Clickable image: Clicking on the labels will open a new article.

(   Active •   Inactive •   Planned)

(See also: Mars map; Mars Memorials list)

Beagle 2

Curiosity

Deep Space 2

InSight

Mars 2

Mars 3

Mars 6

Mars Polar Lander ↓

Opportunity

Perseverance

Phoenix

Rosalind Franklin

Schiaparelli EDM

Sojourner

Spirit

Zhurong

Viking 1

Viking 2

(view • discuss)

Interactive image map of the global topography of Mars, overlain with locations of Mars Memorial sites. Hover your mouse over the image to see the names of over 60 prominent geographic features, and click to link to them. Coloring of the base map indicates relative elevations, based on data from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor. Whites and browns indicate the highest elevations (+12 to +8 km); followed by pinks and reds (+8 to +3 km); yellow is 0 km; greens and blues are lower elevations (down to −8 km). Axes are latitude and longitude; Polar regions are noted.

(See also: Mars map; Mars Rovers map; Mars Memorials list)

(   Named •   Debris •   Lost )

← Beagle 2

Bradbury Landing →

Deep Space 2 ? →

InSight Landing →

Mars 2 ? →

← Mars 3 Landing

Mars 6 ? →

Polar Lander ? ↓

↑ Challenger Memorial Station

↓Octavia E. Butler Landing

↓Valinor Hills Station

↓Wright Brothers Field

Three Forks Sample Depot→

← Green Valley

Schiaparelli EDM →

↓Carl Sagan Memorial Station

Columbia Memorial Station ↑

Thomas Mutch Memorial Station →

Gerald Soffen Memorial Station →

See also

• Astrobiology
• Composition of Mars
• Curiosity rover
• Exploration of Mars
• Geography of Mars
• Geology of Mars
• InSight lander
• List of missions to Mars
• List of rocks on Mars
• Mars Exploration Rover
• Mars Express orbiter
• Mars Odyssey Orbiter
• Mars Orbiter Mission
• Mars Pathfinder (Sojourner rover)
• Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
• Mars 2020 rover mission
• MAVEN orbiter
• Moons of Mars
• Phoenix lander
• Robotic spacecraft
• Scientific information from the Mars Exploration Rover mission
• Space exploration
• Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory
• U.S. Space Exploration History on U.S. Stamps
• Viking program
• Water on Mars

External links

• "Perseverance (Mars 2020) Analyst's Notebook". Washington University in St.Louis. NASA Planetary Data System. 9 December 2021.
• Current Weather Report on Mars by the Perseverance rover – MEDA
  • (MarsWxReport/temp; 1st Report/6apr2021; NASA-1; NASA-2)
  • Mars Weather: Perseverance*Curiosity*InSight
• Current Weather Report on Mars by the Curiosity rover
• Current Weather Report on Mars by the InSight lander
• Perseverance rover: Official website
• Mars 2020: Official website
• Mars 2020: Location Maps
• Perseverance at Van Zyl (AVideo360; 1:40; Spring 2021) on YouTube (related site; 2GB PNG-image)
• Video (03:25) – Mars 2020 – Landing on Mars (18 February 2021) on YouTube
• Video (60:00) – Minerals and the Origins of Life – (Robert Hazen; NASA; April 2014)
• Video (86:49) – Search for Life in the Universe – (NASA; July 2014)
• Video (13:33) – Mars Perseverance rover/Ingenuity helicopter report (9 May 2021; CBS-TV, 60 Minutes)
• Video (03:04) − Exploring Jezero Crater − (NASA; December 2021)