Timeline of Mars 2020: Difference between revisions
→Margin campaign (September 2023 - present): Added another sample taken |
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* '''October 5, 2023:''' ''Ingenuity'' sets a new height record of 24 meters on its 61st flight.<ref name=":10" /> |
* '''October 5, 2023:''' ''Ingenuity'' sets a new height record of 24 meters on its 61st flight.<ref name=":10" /> |
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* '''October 12, 2023''': ''Ingenuity'' sets a new speed record of 10 meters per second on its 62nd flight.<ref name=":10" /> |
* '''October 12, 2023''': ''Ingenuity'' sets a new speed record of 10 meters per second on its 62nd flight.<ref name=":10" /> |
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* '''October 21, 2023''': ''Perseverance'' collects the second sample of the Margin Campaign, and its 23rd overall.<ref name=":8" /> |
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* '''November 1, 2023:''' ''Perseverance'' arrives at the intersection of three geological units; the upper fan unit, margin unit, and curvilinear unit.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last=mars.nasa.gov |title=Here Comes the Sun: Perseverance Readies for Solar Conjunction - NASA |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/status/496/here-comes-the-sun-perseverance-readies-for-solar-conjunction/ |access-date=2023-11-26 |website=mars.nasa.gov |language=en}}</ref> |
* '''November 1, 2023:''' ''Perseverance'' arrives at the intersection of three geological units; the upper fan unit, margin unit, and curvilinear unit.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last=mars.nasa.gov |title=Here Comes the Sun: Perseverance Readies for Solar Conjunction - NASA |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/status/496/here-comes-the-sun-perseverance-readies-for-solar-conjunction/ |access-date=2023-11-26 |website=mars.nasa.gov |language=en}}</ref> |
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* '''November 8, 2023:''' Mars experiences solar conjunction, interfering with the ability to communicate with ''Perseverance'' and ''Ingenuity''.<ref name=":11" /> |
* '''November 8, 2023:''' Mars experiences solar conjunction, interfering with the ability to communicate with ''Perseverance'' and ''Ingenuity''.<ref name=":11" /> |
Revision as of 15:25, 16 March 2024
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mars_2020_selfie_containing_both_perseverance_rover_and_ingenuity.gif/290px-Mars_2020_selfie_containing_both_perseverance_rover_and_ingenuity.gif)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/PIA23491-Mars2020Rover-ObtainingSamples-20200210.jpg/300px-PIA23491-Mars2020Rover-ObtainingSamples-20200210.jpg)
The Mars 2020 mission, consisting of the rover Perseverance and helicopter Ingenuity, was launched on July 30, 2020, and landed in Jezero crater on Mars on February 18, 2021.[1] As of September 11, 2024, Perseverance has been on the planet for 1266 sols (1301 total days; 3 years, 206 days). Ingenuity operated for 1042 sols (1071 total days; 1 year, 341 days) until its rotor blades, possibly all four, were damaged during the landing of flight 72 on January 18, 2024, causing NASA to retire the craft.[2][3]
Current weather data on Mars is being monitored by the Curiosity rover and the Insight lander.[4][5] The Perseverance rover is also collecting weather data. (See the External links section)
Overview of mission
Prelaunch (2012–2020)
- December 4, 2012: Mars 2020 mission announced by NASA.
- February 8–10, 2017: Workshop held to discuss eight proposed landing sites for the mission. The three sites chosen were Jezero crater, Northeastern Syrtis Major Planum, and Columbia Hills.
- July 30, 2020: Atlas V rocket launched from Cape Canaveral.
Landing and initial tests (February–May 2021)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Tungsten_impact_crater_on_Mars.png/340px-Tungsten_impact_crater_on_Mars.png)
After arriving on February 18, Perseverance focused on validating its systems. During this phase, it used its science instruments for the first time,[6] generated oxygen on Mars with MOXIE,[7] and deployed Ingenuity. Ingenuity began the technology demonstration phase of its mission, completing five flights before transitioning to the operations demonstration phase of its mission.
- February 18, 2021: Landing in Jezero crater on Mars.
- February 20, 2021: Perseverance records the first audio from the surface of another planet.[8]
- March 4, 2021: Perseverance rover's first test drive.
- March 5, 2021: NASA named the Perseverance rover landing site "Octavia E. Butler Landing".[9]
- April 3, 2021: Deployment of Ingenuity.
- April 8, 2021: NASA reported the first MEDA weather report on Mars: for 3–April 4, 2021, the high was "minus-7.6 degrees, and a low of minus-117.4 degrees ... [winds] gusting to ... 22 mph".[10]
- April 19, 2021: First flight of Ingenuity.
- April 20, 2021: MOXIE made 5.37 g of oxygen gas from carbon dioxide on its first test on Mars
- April 22, 2021: Second flight test of Ingenuity[11]
- April 25, 2021: Third flight test of Ingenuity.
- April 30, 2021: Fourth flight test of Ingenuity.[12]
- May 7, 2021: Fifth flight test of Ingenuity.[13] First one-way flight on Mars. Ingenuity's mission transitions from being a technology demonstration to being an operations demonstration.[14][15]
- May 22, 2021: Sixth flight test of Ingenuity, first of the operations demonstration.[16] A glitch with the navigation system caused the helicopter to land 5 meters away from its intended landing site.[17]
Cratered floor campaign (June 2021-April 2022)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Perseverance_First_Two_Missions_Paths_Distinguished.png/600px-Perseverance_First_Two_Missions_Paths_Distinguished.png)
The Cratered Floor Campaign was the first science campaign.[19] It began on June 1, 2021, with the goal of exploring the Crater Floor Fractured Rough and Séítah geologic units. To avoid the sand dunes of the Séítah unit, Perseverance will mostly travel within the Crater Floor Fractured Rough geologic unit or along the boundary between the two units. The first of Perseverance's sample tubes are planned to be filled during this expedition.[18]
After collecting the samples, Perseverance will return to its landing site, before continuing to the delta for its second science campaign. At some point, it will store the filled sample tubes in a designated area for the upcoming NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return mission.[20] While Perseverance embarked on its first science campaign, Ingenuity continued to travel alongside the rover as part of its operations demonstration campaign.[14]
- June 1, 2021: Perseverance begins its first science campaign.[18]
- June 8, 2021: Seventh flight of Ingenuity.[21]
- June 21, 2021: Eighth flight of Ingenuity. The "watchdog issue", a recurring issue which occasionally prevented Ingenuity from taking flight, is fixed.[22]
- July 5, 2021: Ninth flight of Ingenuity. This flight is the first to explore areas only an aerial vehicle can, by taking a shortcut over the Séítah unit. The sandy ripples of the Séítah unit would prove too difficult for Perseverance to travel through directly.[23][24][25]
- July 7, 2021: To test its sampling system, the rover ran one sample tube through inspection, sealing and storing and the attempt was successful. Up to this point, the rover has now used 1 of its 43 sample tubes.[26]
- July 24, 2021: Tenth flight of Ingenuity.[27]
- August 4, 2021: Eleventh flight of Ingenuity.[28]
- 5-August 6, 2021: Perseverance attempted to acquire its first sample from the ancient lakebed by drilling out "finger-size cores of Martian rock for return to Earth."[29][30][31] This attempt did not succeed, as the rock sampled was not sufficiently consolidated to produce an intact core and has turned to dust.[32] Up to this point, the rover has now used 2 of its 43 sample tubes.[33] Later on, the mission team confirmed that though soil samples were not cached, but in this process the rover cached the gas samples of the martian atmosphere in it, being the first gas samples cached by the rover.[34]
- August 16, 2021: Twelfth flight of Ingenuity.[35]
- September 1, 2021: A second sampling attempt on a rock, named "Rochette", was successful.[36][37]
- September 4, 2021: Thirteenth flight of Ingenuity.[38]
- September 8, 2021: A third sampling attempt, also on Rochette, was successful.[39]
- September 27, 2021: Perseverance records the first audio of a dust devil passing over the rover, along with air pressure data and imagery of the event.[40]
- 1 to October 14, 2021: Mars Solar Conjunction.
- October 24, 2021: Fourteenth flight of Ingenuity.
- November 6, 2021: Fifteen flight of Ingenuity.[41]
- November 15, 2021: A sample was taken from the Brac Outcrop in the South Séítah Unit.
- November 21, 2021: Sixteenth flight of Ingenuity.[42][43]
- November 24, 2021: Another sample was taken from the Brac Outcrop.
- December 5, 2021: Seventeenth flight of Ingenuity. Full data from the flight was not received until later, as Ingenuity initially landed in an area which prevented communication with the rover.[44]
- December 15, 2021: Eighteenth flight of Ingenuity.
- December 18, 2021: A sample was taken from Issole in the South Séítah Unit.
- December 29, 2021: Perseverance attempted to take another sample from Issole, but was unable to successfully cache it.
- January 31, 2022: The failed sample attempt from Issole was abandoned, and a new, successful sample attempt was made on Issole.
- February 8, 2022: Nineteenth flight of Ingenuity. It had been planned for earlier, but a dust storm in the area caused delays.
- February 25, 2022: Twentieth flight of Ingenuity.
- March 7, 2022: A sample was taken from Sid in the Séítah Unit.
- March 10, 2022: Twenty-first flight of Ingenuity.
- March 13, 2022: A second sample was taken from Sid in the Séítah Unit.
- March 20, 2022: Twenty-second flight of Ingenuity.
- March 24, 2022: Twenty-third flight of Ingenuity.
- March 28, 2022: Perseverance enters rapid traverse mode, where it will remain for the rest of the science campaign.[45]
- April 3, 2022: Twenty-fourth flight of Ingenuity.
- April 8, 2022: Twenty-fifth flight of Ingenuity. This flight went faster than all previous flights, at a speed of 5.5 meters per second. It also travelled 704 meters, which was farther than all previous flights.[46]
- April 13, 2022: Perseverance arrives at the Jezero Delta.[47]
Delta front campaign (April 2022 - January 2023)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Traverse_From_Seitah_to_Jezero_Delta_%28PIA25027%29.jpg/600px-Traverse_From_Seitah_to_Jezero_Delta_%28PIA25027%29.jpg)
The Delta Front Campaign was the second science campaign of the Mars 2020 mission. Ingenuity continued to travel alongside the rover as part of its operations demonstration campaign. After Perseverance traversed to the top of the delta, it began the third science campaign - the Delta Top Campaign.[49]
- April 18, 2022: Perseverance officially begins the Delta Front Campaign.[49]
- April 19, 2022: Twenty-sixth flight of Ingenuity.[48]
- April 21, 2022: Perseverance leaves rapid traverse mode.[50]
- April 23, 2022: Twenty-seventh flight of Ingenuity.
- April 27, 2022: NASA released images of the backshell that detached from the vehicle containing the Perseverance rover (and companion Ingenuity helicopter) during the landing phase on Mars in February 2021. The backshell and associated parachute were found about a mile from the landing site and images were taken by the companion helicopter during its 26th flight.[48]
- May 3, 2022: NASA loses contact with Ingenuity due to it running out of power during the night.[51]
- May 5, 2022: Contact with Ingenuity is regained. To avoid depleting the power, Ingenuity's heaters will not activate when battery temperature drops below -15 °Celsius. Ingenuity instead will turn off all electronics when the temperature drops below -40°.[52]
- July 7, 2022: Perseverance takes the first sample of the Delta Front Campaign.[53]
- July 12, 2022: Perseverance takes the second sample of the Delta Front Campaign.[53]
- 16 July 2022: The second witness tube is created.[53]
- July 27, 2022: Perseverance takes the third sample of the Delta Front Campaign.[53]
- August 3, 2022: Perseverance takes the fourth sample of the Delta Front Campaign.[53]
- August 22, 2022: MOXIE produced a peak of 10.44 g (0.368 oz) per hour of oxygen. This represented a new record for Martian oxygen production. The team surpassed the design goal of 6 g (0.21 oz) per hour by over 4.4 g (0.16 oz). The peak rate was held for 1 minute of the 70 minutes oxygen was produced during the run.
- October 2, 2022: Perseverance takes the fifth sample of the Delta Front Campaign.[53]
- October 14, 2022: The third witness tube is created.[53]
- November 5, 2022: Perseverance at Yuri Pass in Jezero Crater.
- December 16, 2022: Perseverance takes the sixth sample of the Delta Front Campaign.[53]
- November 23, 2022: NASA reported that the Perseverance rover was now in an area within Jezero crater where life-friendly molecules were found in nearly every rock studied but, so far, no sign of an expected lake bed at this location.[54][55][56]
- November 29, 2022: Perseverance takes the seventh sample of the Delta Front Campaign.[53]
- December 2, 2022: Perseverance takes the eighth sample of the Delta Front Campaign.[53]
- December 7, 2022: Perseverance takes the ninth and final sample of the Delta Front Campaign.[53]
- December 21, 2022: Perseverance begins making the first sample depot.[57]
- January 29, 2023: The first sample depot is completed.[58]
Upper fan campaign (January 2023 - September 2023)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Map_of_Perseverance%27s_Delta_Top_Campaign.jpg/600px-Map_of_Perseverance%27s_Delta_Top_Campaign.jpg)
The Upper Fan Campaign, also called the Delta Top Campaign, is the third science campaign of the Mars 2020 mission. Whereas prior campaigns investigated areas that are believed to have been submerged in an ancient lake, this campaign will investigate one of the riverbeds that used to feed into the lake.[58][59]
- March 30, 2023: Perseverance collects the first sample of the Upper Fan Campaign.[60]
- April 13, 2023: Ingenuity completes its 50th flight.[61]
- June 23, 2023: Perseverance collects the second sample of the Upper Fan Campaign.[53]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/PIA26072-MarsPerseveranceRover-BoulderField-AutoNAV-20230628.jpg/600px-PIA26072-MarsPerseveranceRover-BoulderField-AutoNAV-20230628.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/PIA26071-MarsPerseveranceRover-BoulderPath-AutoNAV-20230629.jpg/600px-PIA26071-MarsPerseveranceRover-BoulderPath-AutoNAV-20230629.jpg)
- July 22, 2023: Ingenuity's 53rd flight. For the first time since its 6th flight, in May 2021, Ingenuity's flight contingency system was triggered, causing it to land out of range of the rover.[62]
- August 3, 2023: Ingenuity's 54th flight, the first flight since it landed out of range of the rover.[62]
- August 30, 2023: Whirlwind captured by Perseverance.
Whirlwind in motion (Gif animation; 30 August 2023) - September 6, 2023: MOXIE completes its 16th, and final, oxygen generation test.[63]
- September 15, 2023: Perseverance reaches the margin carbonate unit.[64] The third and final sample of the Upper Fan Campaign is taken.[53][65]
Margin campaign (September 2023 - present)
The Margin Campaign is the fourth, currently ongoing science campaign of the Mars 2020 mission. The campaign expected to last around 8 months, after which point Perseverance is expected to begin the Inner Rim Campaign.[66] The campaign gets its name from the geological unit it aims to explore - the margin carbonate unit. Rocks in this unit are capable of containing traces of life, and their formation is tied to the presence of liquid water.[67]
- September 15, 2023: The Margin Campaign begins.[66]
- September 16, 2023: Perseverance creates the "Amherst Point" abrasion batch at the Mandu Wall, beginning its first series of studies in the Margin Campaign.[66] Ingenuity sets a new height record of 20 meters, on its 59th flight.[68]
- September 25, 2023: Perseverance makes its first sample of the Margin Campaign, at Pelican Point.[53] Ingenuity made its 60th flight, achieving a speed record of 8 meters per second.[69]
- October 5, 2023: Ingenuity sets a new height record of 24 meters on its 61st flight.[68]
- October 12, 2023: Ingenuity sets a new speed record of 10 meters per second on its 62nd flight.[68]
- October 21, 2023: Perseverance collects the second sample of the Margin Campaign, and its 23rd overall.[53]
- November 1, 2023: Perseverance arrives at the intersection of three geological units; the upper fan unit, margin unit, and curvilinear unit.[70]
- November 8, 2023: Mars experiences solar conjunction, interfering with the ability to communicate with Perseverance and Ingenuity.[70]
- November 28, 2023: Solar conjunction ends.[70]
- December 2, 2023: Ingenuity completed 2 hours of flight in Martian atmosphere after its 67th flight.
- December 12, 2023: Both of Mars 2020 spacecraft completed 1,000 sols on Mars since their landing day.
- January 25, 2024: NASA announces the end of the Ingenuity mission. After flight 72, examination of images of shadows of the rotor blades taken by Ingenuity's navigation and horizon cameras showed that one or more of the blades, possibly all four, were damaged during the landing, which followed a temporary communications blackout with Perseverance.[71] NASA said the damage would prevent Ingenuity from flying again and retired the craft. The helicopter flew 72 times in a period spanning almost three years; final system tests and data gathering are expected to continue for several months.[2] Ingenuity Team have named the final landing spot and resting place of Ingenuity in Airfield Chi (χ) as "Valinor Hills Station", after the fictional location in J.R.R. Tolkien’s fantasy novels.[72]
- March 5, 2024: NASA released images of transits of the moon Deimos, the moon Phobos and the planet Mercury as viewed by the Perseverance rover on the planet Mars.
Samples cached for the Mars sample-return mission
In the frame of the NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return around 0.5 kilograms (1.1 lb) of soil samples along with some Martian gas samples from the atmosphere will be cached. Currently, samples are being cached by Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover on the surface of Mars. Out of 43 sample tubes, igneous rock sample tubes cached-8, sedimentary rock sample tubes cached-11,[73] gas sample tubes cached-1,[34] regolith sample tubes cached: 2, witness tubes cached-3,[26] tubes due to be cached-18. Before launch, 5 of the 43 tubes were designated "witness tubes" and filled with materials that would capture particulates in the ambient environment of Mars.[74]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/PIA26232-MarsPerseveranceRover-JezeroCrater-CoredSamples-1000sols-20231212.jpg/600px-PIA26232-MarsPerseveranceRover-JezeroCrater-CoredSamples-1000sols-20231212.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Mars_2020_Sample_Collection_Map_showing_samples_to_be_left_behind_at_Three_Forks_Sample_Depot.jpg/600px-Mars_2020_Sample_Collection_Map_showing_samples_to_be_left_behind_at_Three_Forks_Sample_Depot.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/PIA24836-MarsPerseveranceRover-SelfPortrait-Rochette-20210910.gif/600px-PIA24836-MarsPerseveranceRover-SelfPortrait-Rochette-20210910.gif)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/PIA24805_-_Navcam_of_Borehole_-_Sol190_by_rover_Perseverance.jpg/600px-PIA24805_-_Navcam_of_Borehole_-_Sol190_by_rover_Perseverance.jpg)
Location and Current Status
-
Overview map of the Perseverance rover
(February 18, 2021) -
Close-up map of the Perseverance rover
(February 18, 2021) -
Mars Perseverance rover – possible routes for exploration and study
-
Potential rover paths from the Enchanted Lake west to the rim of Jezero crater as of September 2022
-
-
Perseverance rover track and Ingenuity helicopter flight zone seen after rover had reached Van Zyl Overlook
-
Ingenuity helicopter flight path and Perseverance Traverse Path showing their current locations. Live link
-
The distance traveled over time of Perseverance and Ingenuity
-
26035 Map-of-Ingenuitys-Ninth-Flight-Path
-
Perseverance enters Séítah on sol 201
-
Perseverance rover viewed from space
(September 28, 2021) -
Flight Profile for Ingenuity's Flight 15
-
Dust storm on Mars - Jezero crater (white circle) (January 9, 2022)
-
Location before 2021 solar conjunction
(R210 rover/sol 210;
H163
1,H174
2,H193
3 are 1st,2nd,3rd sites of Ingenuity on Field H on sols 163,174,193) -
Ingenuity helicopter at "Airfield Theta"
(February 26, 2023) -
Perseverance (orange) and Ingenuity (green)
(anim; March 23, 2023) -
Perseverance rover – First 1000 Sols
(December 12, 2023)
- June 8, 2023: Perseverance rover – Quadrant Themes - Gale Crater
Mars Perseverance Rover - Quadrant Themes (8 June 2023)
Perseverance rover near ancient river delta
-
Route To Delta
-
Delta Front
-
Delta view
(April 11, 2022) -
Drive to Delta
(Gif; April 9, 2022) -
Delta Sampling Locations
-
Skinner Ridge
-
Wildcat Ridge Sampling Location
(August 4, 2022) -
Future Sample Dropoff Location
(August 29, 2022) -
Future Drive Paths to crater rim
-
Yuri Pass - Sample Area
(November 5 5, 2022)
Gallery
![]() | This section contains an unencyclopedic or excessive gallery of images. |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/PIA24422-c1-3000-MarsPerseveranceRover-LandingSiteView-20210218.jpg/600px-PIA24422-c1-3000-MarsPerseveranceRover-LandingSiteView-20210218.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/MarsPerseveranceRover-EDL-Overview-20210218.jpg/600px-MarsPerseveranceRover-EDL-Overview-20210218.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Mars_Helicopter_Route_Options_out_of_%27S%C3%A9%C3%ADtah%27.jpg/600px-Mars_Helicopter_Route_Options_out_of_%27S%C3%A9%C3%ADtah%27.jpg)
Self-portraits
(February 2021)
(April 2021)
(August 2021)
(September 2021)
(January 2023)
Videos
-
Jezero Crater Formation by asteroid impact (animation)
-
Entry, descent, and landing (EDL) on Mars (animation)
-
Mars Perseverance rover - drive view
(July 1, 2021) -
Mars Perseverance rover - 2-year drive
(February 17, 2023)
Images
Perseverance rover on Mars
-
First image received after landing (BW photo)
-
First color photo
-
Perseverance's first study target
-
Rover test drive
(March 7, 2021) -
SuperCam calibration target with Mars meteorite
-
SHERLOC calibration target
-
PIXL Calibration target
-
Artuby outcrop
(June 17, 2021) -
Examining "paver rocks"
(July 10, 2021) -
"CraterFloorFractRough"
(July 8, 2021) -
"CraterFloorFractRough"
(July 15, 2021) -
Jezero crater - Scarp A
(April 17, 2021) -
Garde rock-SHERLOC
(September 18, 2021) -
Garde rock-SHERLOC
(September 18, 2021) -
Dourbes rock-WATSON
(November 5, 2021) -
Dourbes rock-PIXL
(November 5, 2021) -
Perseverance looks back at its tracks
(March 17, 2022) -
Parachute found
(April 6, 2022) -
Phobos Solar Eclipse
(Gif; April 20, 2022) -
Perseverance viewed by Ingenuity at Belva Crater (April 22, 2023)
Ingenuity helicopter's flights on Mars
(19 April 2021)
(22 April 2021)
(25 April 2021)
(30 April 2021)
Ingenuity helicopter on Mars
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/PIA24625-MarsIngenuityHelicopterViewsPerseveranceRoverFromAir-20210425a.jpg/1000px-PIA24625-MarsIngenuityHelicopterViewsPerseveranceRoverFromAir-20210425a.jpg)
Ingenuity deployment and pre-flight operations on Mars
Landing
-
HiRISE image of Perseverance descent
-
HiRISE image (cropped) of descent
-
View up at descent stage from Perseverance.
-
View of landing from sky crane.
-
Dust plume from descent stage right after landing (B+W)
-
View of Perseverance from orbit shortly after landing (HiRISE)
Launch
-
AV-088, the Atlas V 541 rocket, at launch
Prelaunch
-
Artist's rendition of rover
-
Rover at NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab
-
Helicopter team with Ingenuity
-
Cruise stage connected to the back shell
-
Heat shield and back shell to protect the rover
-
Powered descent stage
-
Five critical components involved in landing the rover
Other images
-
Top of rover with "Family Portrait" (B+W)
-
"Family Portrait" decal close-up (with text labels added)[75]
-
Mars 2020 COVID-19 healthworkers plate
-
Rover DNA inscription
-
MOXIE first Martian oxygen production test on April 20, 2021, graph
-
The full-scale engineering model of Perseverance, OPTIMISM rover[f]
-
Regolith sampling tested by OPTIMISM[f]
-
Perseverance rover's sampling bits
- The pointed one with two windows on left is Regolith drill
- the two shorter ones on left are Abrasion tools
- the rest in center are Rock drills
Wide images
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/PIA26236-MarsPerseveranceViewsIngenuity-FinalAirfield-20240204.jpg/880px-PIA26236-MarsPerseveranceViewsIngenuity-FinalAirfield-20240204.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/PIA24814-Mars-ScarpsOfJezeroCrater-ViewedFromSpace-20211007.jpg/800px-PIA24814-Mars-ScarpsOfJezeroCrater-ViewedFromSpace-20211007.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/South_S%C3%A9%C3%ADtah_locations_%28PIA24816%29.jpg/800px-South_S%C3%A9%C3%ADtah_locations_%28PIA24816%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/PIA24765-MarsPerseveranceRover-1stDrillSite-20210728.jpg/800px-PIA24765-MarsPerseveranceRover-1stDrillSite-20210728.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/PIA24546-MarsPerseveranceRover-SantaCruzHill-JezeroCrater-20210429.jpg/800px-PIA24546-MarsPerseveranceRover-SantaCruzHill-JezeroCrater-20210429.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/PIA24625-MarsIngenuityHelicopterViewsPerseveranceRoverFromAir-20210425a.jpg/803px-PIA24625-MarsIngenuityHelicopterViewsPerseveranceRoverFromAir-20210425a.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/PIA24802-MarsPerseveranceRover-KodiakHill-20210418.jpg/800px-PIA24802-MarsPerseveranceRover-KodiakHill-20210418.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/The_Scarps_of_Jezero_Crater%E2%80%99s_Delta_%28annotated%29.jpg/800px-The_Scarps_of_Jezero_Crater%E2%80%99s_Delta_%28annotated%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Mars%27_%27Delta_Scarp%27_From_More_Than_a_Mile_Away.png/800px-Mars%27_%27Delta_Scarp%27_From_More_Than_a_Mile_Away.png)
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![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Jezero_Crater_Rim_Panorama_NASA_Perseverance_rover.jpg/800px-Jezero_Crater_Rim_Panorama_NASA_Perseverance_rover.jpg)
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![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/PIA25830-MarsPerseveranceRover-Pinestand-20230226.jpg/800px-PIA25830-MarsPerseveranceRover-Pinestand-20230226.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/PIA24935-MarsPerseveranceRover-Sunset-20211109.jpg/800px-PIA24935-MarsPerseveranceRover-Sunset-20211109.jpg)
![The image above contains clickable links](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Interactive_icon.svg/12px-Interactive_icon.svg.png)
See also
- Astrobiology
- Composition of Mars
- Curiosity rover
- Exploration of Mars
- Geography of Mars
- Geology of Mars
- InSight lander
- List of missions to Mars
- List of rocks on Mars
- Mars Exploration Rover
- Mars Express orbiter
- Mars Odyssey Orbiter
- Mars Orbiter Mission
- Mars Pathfinder (Sojourner rover)
- Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
- Mars 2020 rover mission
- MAVEN orbiter
- Moons of Mars
- Phoenix lander
- Robotic spacecraft
- Scientific information from the Mars Exploration Rover mission
- Space exploration
- Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory
- U.S. Space Exploration History on U.S. Stamps
- Viking program
- Water on Mars
Notes
- ^ Aerial image by the helicopter Ingenuity
- ^ All images taken by Ingenuity are taken from black-and-white downward-facing navigation camera or horizon-facing terrain camera[77]
- ^ Ingenuity legs are seen clearly on the corners of the each image
- ^ Perseverance rover wheels are clearly seen in top corners
- ^ a b Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on sol 48, that is the image on sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position
- ^ a b note the difference: the twin rover on Earth is powered by electric cables, while Perseverance on Mars is powered by MMRTG
References
- ^ Chang, Kenneth (February 15, 2022). "On Mars, a NASA Rover and Helicopter's Year of Surprise and Discovery - The past 12 months on Mars have been both "exciting" and "exhausting" for scientists and engineers minding Perseverance and Ingenuity. And the mission is only really getting started". The New York Times. Retrieved February 5, 2022.
- ^ a b "After Three Years on Mars, NASA's Ingenuity Helicopter Mission Ends". Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
- ^ NASA Science Live: Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Tribute & Legacy, retrieved February 1, 2024
- ^ Dvorsky, George (February 20, 2019). "You Can Now Check the Weather on Mars Every Day". Gizmodo. Retrieved February 20, 2019.
- ^ Berger, Eric (February 20, 2019). "With the best air pressure sensor ever on Mars, scientists find a mystery". Ars Technica. Retrieved February 20, 2019.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "Perseverance Rover's SuperCam Science Instrument Delivers First Results". NASA's Mars Exploration Program. Retrieved June 14, 2021.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "NASA's Perseverance Mars Rover Extracts First Oxygen From Red Planet". NASA's Mars Exploration Program. Retrieved June 14, 2021.
- ^ "NASA's Perseverance Rover Microphone Captures Sounds from Mars". NASA. February 22, 2021. Retrieved December 14, 2022.
- ^ a b Staff (March 5, 2021). "Welcome to 'Octavia E. Butler Landing'". NASA. Retrieved March 5, 2021.
- ^ Cappucci, Matthew (April 8, 2021). "NASA receives first weather reports from Perseverance rover on Mars at Jezero Crater – The weather data is crucial as the first flight of Ingenuity draws near". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "We Are Prepping for Ingenuity's Third Flight Test". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved April 25, 2021.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "Ingenuity Completes Its Fourth Flight". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved April 30, 2021.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "NASA's Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Completes First One-Way Trip". NASA's Mars Exploration Program. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
- ^ a b mars.nasa.gov. "NASA's Ingenuity Helicopter to Begin New Demonstration Phase". NASA's Mars Exploration Program. Retrieved April 30, 2021.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "Why Ingenuity's Fifth Flight Will Be Different". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
- ^ NASA/JPL. "Plans Underway for Ingenuity's Sixth Flight". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved July 3, 2021.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "Surviving an In-Flight Anomaly: What Happened on Ingenuity's Sixth Flight". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved July 3, 2021.
- ^ a b c mars.nasa.gov. "NASA's Perseverance Rover Begins Its First Science Campaign on Mars". NASA's Mars Exploration Program. Retrieved June 13, 2021.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "To Séítah and Back". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "Sample Handling". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved June 13, 2021.
- ^ June 2021, Mike Wall 09 (June 9, 2021). "Mars helicopter Ingenuity aces 7th flight on the Red Planet". Space.com. Retrieved July 3, 2021.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Demo, Teddy Tzanetos, Operations Lead for Ingenuity Mars Helicopter-Ops. "Flight 8 Success, Software Updates, and Next Steps". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved July 3, 2021.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Laboratory, Håvard Grip, Chief Pilot & Bob Balaram, Chief Engineer for the Mars Helicopter Project at NASA's Jet Propulsion. "We're Going Big for Flight 9". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved July 3, 2021.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ July 2021, Meghan Bartels 06 (July 6, 2021). "NASA's Mars helicopter Ingenuity sails through 9th flight on the Red Planet". Space.com. Retrieved July 7, 2021.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Scientist, Håvard F. Grip, Ingenuity Chief Pilot, and Ken Williford, Perseverance Deputy Project. "Flight 9 Was a Nail-Biter, but Ingenuity Came Through With Flying Colors". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b "Sample Caching Dry Run, 1st sample tube cached". Twitter. Retrieved August 27, 2021.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "Aerial Scouting of 'Raised Ridges' for Ingenuity's Flight 10". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "North-By-Northwest for Ingenuity's 11th Flight". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
- ^ Voosen, Paul (July 31, 2021). "Mars rover's sampling campaign begins". Science. 373 (6554). AAAS: 477. Bibcode:2021Sci...373..477V. doi:10.1126/science.373.6554.477. PMID 34326215. S2CID 236514399. Retrieved August 1, 2021.
- ^ Voosem, Paul (June 21, 2021). "NASA's Perseverance rover to drill first samples of martian rock". Science. AAAS. Retrieved August 1, 2021.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "On the Eve of Perseverance's First Sample". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "Assessing Perseverance's First Sample Attempt". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
- ^ "NASA's first Mars sample appears to have crumbled to bits". Science. August 11, 2021. Archived from the original on August 9, 2021. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
- ^ a b mars.nasa.gov. "NASA's Perseverance Plans Next Sample Attempt". NASA's Mars Exploration Program. Retrieved August 27, 2021.
- ^ Teddy Tzanetos (August 15, 2021). "Better By the Dozen – Ingenuity Takes on Flight 12". Status #321. NASA/JPL. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ Fox, Karen; Johnson, Alana; Agle, AG (September 2, 2021). "NASA's Perseverance Rover Successfully Cores Its First Rock". NASA. Retrieved September 3, 2021.
- ^ Chang, Kenneth (September 3, 2021). "On Mars, NASA's Perseverance Rover Drilled the Rocks It Came For - After an earlier drilling attempt failed to collect anything, the rover appeared to gather its first sample. But mission managers need to take another look before sealing the tube". The New York Times. Retrieved September 3, 2021.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "Lucky 13 – Ingenuity to Get Lower for More Detailed Images During Next Flight". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved September 6, 2021.
- ^ "Today was a good day. The @NASAPersevere rover successfully acquired its second sample of the Red Planet". Twitter. Retrieved September 9, 2021.
- ^ "NASA's Perseverance Records a Martian Dust Devil". NASA. December 13, 2022. Retrieved December 14, 2022.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "Flight #15 - Start of the Return Journey". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "Flight 16 – Short Hop to the North". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
- ^ Meghan Bartels (November 23, 2021). "Mars helicopter Ingenuity soars on 16th Red Planet flight". Space.com. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "Flight 17 – Discovering Limits". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "Sample Tally for the Crater Floor Campaign". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved April 22, 2022.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "Mars Helicopter". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved April 22, 2022.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "NASA's Perseverance Rover Arrives at Delta for New Science Campaign". NASA Mars Exploration. Retrieved April 22, 2022.
- ^ a b c Chang, Kenneth (April 27, 2022). "NASA Sees 'Otherworldly' Wreckage on Mars With Ingenuity Helicopter - The debris was part of the equipment that helped the Perseverance mission safely land on the red planet in 2021". The New York Times. Retrieved April 28, 2022.
- ^ a b mars.nasa.gov. "Campaign #2: The Delta Front". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved April 29, 2022.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "We've Arrived! Perseverance Starts the Delta Front Campaign". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved April 22, 2022.
- ^ Berger, Eric (May 9, 2022). "After losing contact with its helicopter, NASA put the entire Mars mission on hold". Ars Technica. Retrieved May 9, 2022.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "NASA's Ingenuity in Contact With Perseverance Rover After Communications Dropout". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved May 9, 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o mars.nasa.gov. "Perseverance Rover Mars Rock Samples". NASA Mars Exploration. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
- ^ Achenbach, Joel (November 23, 2022). "Mars rover digs up intriguing clues in the hunt for life beyond Earth - The Perseverance mission has collected samples that hold life-friendly molecules 'in pretty much every rock'". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
- ^ Scheller, Eva L. (November 23, 2022). "Aqueous alteration processes in Jezero crater, Mars−implications for organic geochemistry". Science. doi:10.1126/science.abo520. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
- ^ Timmer, John (November 23, 2022). "No sign of the expected lake bed where Perseverance rover landed - Minerals that normally get altered in watery environments are still present". Ars Technica. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "NASA's Perseverance Rover Deposits First Sample on Mars Surface". NASA Mars Exploration. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
- ^ a b "NASA's Perseverance Rover Completes Mars Sample Depot". www.asdnews.com. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
- ^ "Perseverance rover's Mars samples will give scientists chance to study Red Planet back on Earth". BBC Sky at Night Magazine. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "NASA's Perseverance Collects First Mars Sample of New Science Campaign". NASA Mars Exploration. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "NASA's Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Completes 50th Flight". NASA Mars Exploration. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
- ^ a b mars.nasa.gov. "NASA's Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Flies Again After Unscheduled Landing". NASA Mars Exploration. Retrieved September 16, 2023.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "NASA's Oxygen-Generating Experiment MOXIE Completes Mars Mission". NASA Mars Exploration. Retrieved September 16, 2023.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "New Milestones Despite Tricky Boulders - NASA". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved September 16, 2023.
- ^ "https://twitter.com/NASAPersevere/status/1702812505867993395". X (formerly Twitter). Retrieved September 21, 2023.
{{cite web}}
: External link in
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- ^ a b c mars.nasa.gov. "Within the Margin - NASA". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "Reading the Rocks: The Importance of the Margin Carbonate Unit on Mars - NASA". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
- ^ a b c mars.nasa.gov. "Mars Helicopter - NASA - Flight Log". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
- ^ Panasovskyi, Maksim. "NASA's unmanned Ingenuity helicopter set a new speed record during its 60th flight over the surface of Mars". gagadget.com. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
- ^ a b c mars.nasa.gov. "Here Comes the Sun: Perseverance Readies for Solar Conjunction - NASA". mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
- ^ NASA Science Live: Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Tribute & Legacy, retrieved February 1, 2024
- ^ "That's a good one! But actually... the Ingenuity team has nicknamed the spot where the helicopter completed its final flight "Valinor Hills" after the fictional location in J.R.R. Tolkien's fantasy novels".
- ^ "3rd soil sample tube cached". nasa.gov. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ mars.nasa.gov. "Perseverance Sample Tube 266". NASA's Mars Exploration Program. Retrieved September 9, 2021.
- ^ a b Staff (March 7, 2021). "Messages on Mars Perseverance Rover". NASA. Retrieved March 7, 2021.
- ^ Chang, Kenneth (May 7, 2021). "NASA Mars Helicopter Makes One-Way Flight to New Mission - Ingenuity has flown almost flawlessly through the red planet's thin air and will now assist the science mission of the Perseverance rover". The New York Times. Retrieved May 9, 2021.
- ^ "Raw Images From Ingenuity Helicopter". NASA. April 30, 2021. Retrieved May 10, 2021.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- "Perseverance (Mars 2020) Analyst's Notebook". Washington University in St.Louis. NASA Planetary Data System. December 9, 2021.
- Current Weather Report on Mars by the Perseverance rover – MEDA
- Current Weather Report on Mars by the Curiosity rover
- Current Weather Report on Mars by the InSight lander
- Perseverance rover: Official website
- Mars 2020: Official website
- Mars 2020: Location Maps
- Perseverance at Van Zyl (AVideo360; 1:40; Spring 2021) on YouTube (related site; 2GB PNG-image)
- Video (03:25) – Mars 2020 – Landing on Mars (18 February 2021) on YouTube
- Video (60:00) – Minerals and the Origins of Life – (Robert Hazen; NASA; April 2014)
- Video (86:49) – Search for Life in the Universe – (NASA; July 2014)
- Video (13:33) – Mars Perseverance rover/Ingenuity helicopter report (9 May 2021; CBS-TV, 60 Minutes)
- Video (03:04) − Exploring Jezero Crater − (NASA; December 2021)