B: Difference between revisions
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{{Otherusesof|B}} |
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<div id="mw-missingarticle">The database did not find the text of a page that it should have found, named "B,oldid=193816845". |
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{{wiktionarypar2|B|b}} |
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{{Latin alphabet navbox|uc=B|lc=b}} |
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'''B''' is the second letter in the [[Latin alphabet]].{{Fact|date=February 2008}} Its name in [[English language|English]] is spelled ''bee'' or occasionally ''be'' ({{pronEng|biː}}), plural ''bees''.<ref>"B" ''Oxford English Dictionary,'' 2nd edition (1989); ''Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged'' (1993); "bee," op. cit.</ref> |
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==History== |
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This might be because no page has yet been created with this name, in which case you can start it by clicking the "edit this page" link. |
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If it is a recently changed page, trying again in a minute or two will usually work. Alternatively, you may have followed an outdated diff or history link to a page that has been deleted. If this revision has been deleted, an explanation may be found in <span class="plainlinks">[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log/delete&page=B the deletion log] for "B"</span>. |
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The letter B might have started as a [[pictogram]] of the floorplan of a house in [[Egyptian hieroglyph]]s or the [[Proto-Sinaitic alphabet]]. By [[1050 BC]], the [[Phoenician alphabet]]'s letter had a linear form that served as the beth. |
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Revisions that contain personal information disclosed without permission may have been [[Wikipedia:Oversight|permanently removed]]. |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|- |
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! Egyptian hieroglyph <br>cottage |
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! [[Proto-Canaanite alphabet|Proto-Canaanite]] <br>house |
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! [[Phoenician alphabet|Phoenician]] <br>{{script|Phnx|𐤁}} ''[[Beth (Hebrew)|beth]]'' |
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! [[Greek alphabet|Greek]] <br>{{script|Grek|Β}} beta |
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! [[Etruscan alphabet|Etruscan]] <br>{{script|Ital|𐌁}} B |
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! Latin <br>B |
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|- style="background-color:white; text-align:center;" |
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|[[Image:EgyptianB-01.png|Egyptian hieroglyphic house]] |
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|[[Image:Proto-semiticB-01.png|Proto-semitic house]] |
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|[[Image:PhoenicianB-01.png|Phoenician beth]] |
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|[[Image:Beta uc lc.svg|64px|Greek beta]] |
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|[[Image:EtruscanB-01.png|Etruscan B]] |
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|[[Image:RomanB-01.png|Roman B]] |
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|} |
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==Typography== |
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If none of the above is the case, you may have found a bug in the software. Please report this using the procedure given at [[Wikipedia:Bug reports]], making note of the URL.</div> |
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The modern lowercase letter ''b'' derives from later [[Roman cursive#New Roman cursive|Roman]] times, when scribes began omitting the upper loop of the capital. |
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{| |
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|align="center"|[[Image:BlackletterB-01.png|Blackletter B]] |
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|align="center"|[[Image:UncialB-01.png|Uncial B]] |
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|- |
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|align="center"|[[Blackletter]] B |
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|align="center"|[[Uncial]] B |
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|- |
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|align="center"|[[Image:ModernRomanB-01.png|Modern Roman B]] |
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|align="center"|[[Image:ModernItalicB-01.png|Modern Italic B]] |
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|align="center"|[[Image:ModernScriptB-01.png|Modern Script B]] |
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|- |
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|align="center"|Modern Roman B |
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|align="center"|Modern Italic B |
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|align="center"|Modern Script B |
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|} |
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The letter B is often confused with the visually similar [[German language|German]] [[ß]] which stands for ''ss''. |
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==Usage== |
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In [[English language|English]] and most other languages that use the Latin alphabet, the letter b denotes the [[voiced bilabial plosive]] ({{IPAEng|b}}), as in ''bib''. In English it is sometimes "silent", as in ''debt'' or ''comb'' (however the 'b' in 'comb' was actually pronounced at one time). In [[Estonian language|Estonian]], [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]], and in [[Chinese language|Chinese]] transcription, B is not voiced, but is still contrasted to P, which is [[geminate]]d {{IPA|/pp/}} in [[Estonian language|Estonian]] and [[aspiration (linguistics)|aspirated]] {{IPA|/pʰ/}} in Chinese and Icelandic. In [[Fijian language|Fijian]] B is [[prenasalized consonant|prenasalized]] {{IPA2|mb}}, whereas in [[Zulu language|Zulu]] and [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]] it is [[implosive consonant|implosive]] {{IPA2|ɓ}}, in contrast to the [[digraph]] Bh which represents {{IPA2|b}}. |
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[[Finnish language|Finnish]] uses the letter ''b'' only for loanwords. |
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In the [[help:IPA|International Phonetic Alphabet]] and [[X-SAMPA]], letter {{IPA|/b/}} denotes the [[voiced bilabial plosive]]. Variants of the letter b denote related [[bilabial consonant]]s, like the [[voiced bilabial implosive]] and the [[bilabial trill]]. In [[X-SAMPA]], capital B denotes the [[voiced bilabial fricative]]. |
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==Codes for computing== |
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{{Letter |
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|NATO=Bravo |
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|Morse=–··· |
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|Character=B2 |
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|Braille=⠃ |
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}} |
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In [[Unicode]] the [[majuscule|capital]] B is codepoint U+0042 and the [[lower case]] b is U+0062. |
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The [[ASCII]] code for capital B is 66 and for lowercase b is 98; or in [[Binary numeral system|binary]] 01000010 and 01100010, correspondingly. |
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The [[EBCDIC]] code for capital B is 194 and for lowercase b is 130. |
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The [[numeric character reference]]s in [[HTML]] and [[XML]] are |
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"<tt>&#66;</tt>" and "<tt>&#98;</tt>" for upper and lower case |
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respectively. |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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== See also == |
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{{Commons|B}} |
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*В : [[Ve (Cyrillic)]] |
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*{{Unicode|[[Ɓ]]}} |
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*[[B postcode area]] (United Kingdom) |
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{{Latin alphabet}} |
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[[Category:Latin letters]] |
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[[als:B]] |
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[[ar:B]] |
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[[arc:B]] |
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[[ast:B]] |
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[[az:B]] |
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[[zh-min-nan:B]] |
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[[bs:B]] |
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[[br:B (lizherenn)]] |
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[[ca:B]] |
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[[cs:B]] |
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[[co:B]] |
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[[cy:B]] |
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[[da:B]] |
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[[de:B]] |
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[[et:B]] |
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[[el:B]] |
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[[es:B]] |
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[[eo:B]] |
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[[eu:B]] |
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[[fa:B]] |
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[[fr:B (lettre)]] |
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[[gd:B]] |
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[[gl:B]] |
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[[ko:B]] |
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[[hr:B]] |
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[[io:B]] |
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[[ilo:B]] |
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[[is:B]] |
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[[it:B]] |
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[[he:B]] |
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[[ka:B]] |
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[[kw:B]] |
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[[sw:B]] |
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[[ht:B]] |
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[[la:B]] |
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[[lv:B]] |
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[[lb:B]] |
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[[lt:B]] |
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[[hu:B]] |
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[[ms:B]] |
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[[nl:B (letter)]] |
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[[ja:B]] |
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[[no:B]] |
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[[nn:B]] |
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[[nrm:B]] |
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[[pt:B]] |
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[[ro:B]] |
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[[qu:B]] |
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[[ru:B (латиница)]] |
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[[se:B]] |
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[[scn:B]] |
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[[simple:B]] |
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[[sk:B]] |
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[[sl:B]] |
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[[sr:B (слово латинице)]] |
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[[fi:B]] |
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[[sv:B]] |
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[[tl:B]] |
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[[th:B]] |
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[[vi:B]] |
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[[tr:B]] |
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[[uk:B (латиниця)]] |
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[[yo:B]] |
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[[zh-yue:B]] |
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[[bat-smg:B]] |
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[[zh:B]] |
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Revision as of 02:00, 25 February 2008
 |
| ISO basic Latin alphabet |
|---|
| AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz |
B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet.[citation needed] Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (Template:PronEng), plural bees.[1]
History
The letter B might have started as a pictogram of the floorplan of a house in Egyptian hieroglyphs or the Proto-Sinaitic alphabet. By 1050 BC, the Phoenician alphabet's letter had a linear form that served as the beth.
| Egyptian hieroglyph cottage |
Proto-Canaanite house |
Phoenician 𐤁 beth |
Greek Β beta |
Etruscan 𐌁 B |
Latin B |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Typography
The modern lowercase letter b derives from later Roman times, when scribes began omitting the upper loop of the capital.
|
| |
| Blackletter B | Uncial B | |
|
|
|
| Modern Roman B | Modern Italic B | Modern Script B |
The letter B is often confused with the visually similar German ß which stands for ss.
Usage
In English and most other languages that use the Latin alphabet, the letter b denotes the voiced bilabial plosive (/b/), as in bib. In English it is sometimes "silent", as in debt or comb (however the 'b' in 'comb' was actually pronounced at one time). In Estonian, Icelandic, and in Chinese transcription, B is not voiced, but is still contrasted to P, which is geminated /pp/ in Estonian and aspirated /pʰ/ in Chinese and Icelandic. In Fijian B is prenasalized IPA: [mb], whereas in Zulu and Xhosa it is implosive IPA: [ɓ], in contrast to the digraph Bh which represents IPA: [b].
Finnish uses the letter b only for loanwords.
In the International Phonetic Alphabet and X-SAMPA, letter /b/ denotes the voiced bilabial plosive. Variants of the letter b denote related bilabial consonants, like the voiced bilabial implosive and the bilabial trill. In X-SAMPA, capital B denotes the voiced bilabial fricative.
Codes for computing
class="template-letter-box | In Unicode the capital B is codepoint U+0042 and the lower case b is U+0062.
The ASCII code for capital B is 66 and for lowercase b is 98; or in binary 01000010 and 01100010, correspondingly.
The EBCDIC code for capital B is 194 and for lowercase b is 130.
The numeric character references in HTML and XML are "B" and "b" for upper and lower case respectively.
References
- ^ "B" Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989); Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (1993); "bee," op. cit.
See also
- В : Ve (Cyrillic)
- Ɓ
- B postcode area (United Kingdom)