Satellite city: Difference between revisions
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*[[Vallejo, California|Vallejo]], [[California]] (satellite of [[San Francisco]]) |
*[[Vallejo, California|Vallejo]], [[California]] (satellite of [[San Francisco]]) |
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*[[Vancouver, Washington|Vancouver]], [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]] (satellite of [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Oregon]]) |
*[[Vancouver, Washington|Vancouver]], [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]] (satellite of [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Oregon]]) |
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*[[Westchester, New York]], [[New York State|New York]] (satellite of [[New York City]]) |
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*[[Wilmington, Delaware|Wilmington]], [[Delaware]] (satellite of [[Philadelphia]]) |
*[[Wilmington, Delaware|Wilmington]], [[Delaware]] (satellite of [[Philadelphia]]) |
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*[[Worcester, Massachusetts|Worcester]], [[Massachusetts]] (satellite of [[Boston]]) |
*[[Worcester, Massachusetts|Worcester]], [[Massachusetts]] (satellite of [[Boston]]) |
Revision as of 10:41, 14 November 2010
A satellite town or satellite city is a concept in urban planning that refers essentially to smaller metropolitan areas which are located somewhat near to, but are mostly independent of, larger metropolitan areas.
Characteristics
Satellite cities are small or medium-sized cities near a large metropolis, that:
- predate that metropolis' suburban expansion
- are at least partially independent from that metropolis economically and socially
- are physically separated from the metropolis by rural territory or by a major geographic barrier such as a large river; satellite cities should have their own independent urbanized area, or equivalent
- have their own bedroom communities
- have a traditional downtown surrounded by traditional "inner city" neighborhoods
- may or may not be counted as part of the large metropolis' Combined Statistical Area
Quick Reference
In the United States, the easiest way to tell if a community is a satellite city or some other type of development (see below) is to refer to the List of United States urban areas, to see if it has its own independent urbanized area or is considered to be part of the urbanized area of its larger neighbor. This rule has exceptions, but should generally be followed.
Satellite cities versus other types of settlement
Satellite cities are different from and are sometimes confused with the following related patterns of development.
Suburbs
Satellite cities differ from suburbs in that they have distinct employment bases, commutersheds, and cultural offerings from the central metropolis, as well as an independent municipal government. Satellite cities are not bedroom communities.
Edge cities
Satellite cities differ from edge cities, which are suburbs with large employment bases and cultural offerings, in that satellite cities must have a true historic downtown, a distinct independent municipal government, existed as a city prior to becoming interconnected with the larger metropolitan core, and are surrounded by both their own family of bedroom communities and a belt of rural land between themselves and the central city.
Conceptually, both satellite cities and some types of edge city could be (and once were) self-sufficient communities outside of their larger metropolitan areas, but have become interconnected due to the suburban expansion of the larger metropolis. However, while edge cities may have their own government and share many characteristics with satellite cities, they are much more physically integrated with the core city and would not exist in anything like their present form if not for the suburban expansion of their larger neighbor. Edge cities are activity nodes within a metro area, not miniature metro areas themselves.
Some satellite cities that are particularly close or well connected to their larger neighbors and/or have their own historic downtown may also qualify as the Uptown variety of edge cities, but the terms are not synonymous.
See the main article for edge cities for more information.
Multi-polar cities
In some cases large metropolitan areas have multiple centers of close to equal importance. These multi-polar cities are often referred to as twin cities. Multi-polar cities differ from satellite cities in two key ways:
- satellites are clearly much less important than the larger center around which they are located, while the various nodes of multi-polar cities are close to each other in importance
- satellites are separated from the larger center by a substantial belt of rural territory, while twin cities may be fully integrated in physical form
For example Fort Worth, Texas is a twin of Dallas, Texas because though Fort Worth is somewhat smaller, it is proportionally close enough and physically integrated enough with Dallas to be considered a twin rather than a satellite. Generally speaking, cities that are listed as being part of the same urbanized area should be considered twins, rather than one having a satellite relationship to the other.
Metropolitan areas
Conceptually, satellite cities are miniature metro areas on the fringe of larger ones. Satellite cities are sometimes listed as part of the larger metro area, and sometimes listed as totally independent. In the United States, satellite cities are often (but not always) listed as independent Metropolitan Statistical Areas within a single Combined Statistical Area that is unified with the larger metropolis.
Examples
Australia
- Gawler, South Australia (satellite of Adelaide)
- Geelong, Victoria (satellite of Melbourne)
- Gold Coast, Queensland (satellite of Brisbane)
- Gosford, New South Wales (satellite of Sydney)
- Melton, Victoria (satellite of Melbourne)
- Sunbury, Victoria (satellite of Melbourne)
- Mandurah, Western Australia (satellite of Perth)
- Moe, Victoria, Morwell, Victoria and Traralgon, Victoria (satellites of each other together forming the Latrobe City urban area)
- Palmerston, Northern Territory (satellite of Darwin)
- Tuggeranong, Australian Capital Territory (satellite of Canberra)
- Queanbeyan, New South Wales (satellite of Canberra)
- Redcliffe City, Queensland (satellite of Brisbane)
- Sunshine Coast, Queensland (satellite of Brisbane)
- Werribee, Victoria (satellite of Melbourne)
- Wodonga, Victoria (satellite of Albury)
- Wollongong, New South Wales (satellite of Sydney)
Canada
- Hamilton, Ontario (satellite of Toronto)
- Guelph, Ontario (satellite of Toronto)
- Kitchener, Ontario (satellite of Toronto)
- Oshawa, Ontario (satellite of Toronto)
- Barrie, Ontario (satellite of Toronto)
- Stratford, Ontario (satellite of Toronto)
- Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec (satellite of Montreal)
- Saint-Jerome, Quebec (satellite of Montreal)
- Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec (satellite of Montreal)
- Joliette, Quebec (satellite of Montreal)
- Sorel-Tracy, Quebec (satellite of Montreal)
- Salaberry-de-Valleyfield, Quebec (satellite of Montreal)
- Abbotsford, British Columbia (satellite of Vancouver)
China
Hong Kong SAR
- Tai Po (satellite of Hong Kong and Kowloon)
- Tuen Mun (satellite of Hong Kong and Kowloon)
- Ap Lei Chau (satellite of Hong Kong and Kowloon)
- Aberdeen, Hong Kong (satellite of Hong Kong and Kowloon)
India
- Gurgaon, Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Noida, (satellites of Delhi)
- Shamshabad, Andhra Pradesh (satellite of Hyderabad)
- Thane,Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra (satellite of Mumbai)
- Rajarhat, Salt Lake (satellite of Kolkata)
Malaysia
- Petaling Jaya (satellite of Kuala Lumpur)
- Seremban (satellite of Klang Valley)
- Ciudad Satélite, literally Satellite City (originally satellite of Mexico City but already absorbed by it)
- Playas de Rosarito, (satellite of Tijuana)
- San Cristóbal Ecatepec, (satellite of Mexico City)
- San Luis Rio Colorado, (satellite of Mexicali)
- Rangiora, (satellite of Christchurch)
- North Nazimabad (satellite of Karachi)
- Police (satellite of Szczecin)
- Wołomin (satellite of Warsaw)
- Legionowo (satellite of Warsaw)
- Otwock (satellite of Warsaw)
- Wieliczka (satellite of Cracow)
- Bradford (satellite of Leeds)
- Colchester (satellite of London)
- Lisburn (satellite of Belfast)
- Luton (satellite of London)
- Preston (satellite of Liverpool)
- Reading (satellite of London)
- Southend-on-Sea (satellite of London)
United States
- Aiken, South Carolina (satellite of Augusta, Georgia)
- Akron, Ohio (satellite of Cleveland)
- Anderson, Indiana (satellite of Indianapolis)
- Ann Arbor, Michigan (satellite of Detroit)
- Annapolis, Maryland (satellite of Baltimore and Washington, D.C.)
- Athens, Georgia (satellite of Atlanta)
- Atlantic City, New Jersey (satellite of Philadelphia)
- Aurora, Illinois (satellite of Chicago)
- Bel Air, Maryland (satellite of Baltimore)
- Boulder, Colorado (satellite of Denver)
- Casa Grande, Arizona (satellite of Phoenix)
- Chester, Pennsylvania (satellite of Philadelphia)
- Clayton, Missouri (satellite of St. Louis)
- Columbia, Tennessee (satellite of Nashville)
- Denton, Texas (satellite of Dallas)
- Elgin, Illinois (satellite of Chicago)
- Elizabethtown, Kentucky (satellite of Louisville)
- Elyria, Ohio (satellite of Cleveland)
- Escondido, California (satellite of San Diego)
- Everett, Washington (satellite of Seattle)
- Fall River, Massachusetts (satellite of Boston)
- Flint, Michigan (satellite of Detroit)
- Frankfort, Kentucky (satellite of Lexington)
- Galveston, Texas (satellite of Houston)
- Gary, Indiana (satellite of Chicago)
- Greensburg, Pennsylvania (satellite of Pittsburgh)
- Hamilton, Ohio (satellite of Cincinnati)
- Independence, Missouri (satellite of Kansas City)
- Joliet, Illinois (satellite of Chicago)
- Kenosha, Wisconsin (satellite of Chicago)
- Lawrence, Kansas (satellite of Kansas City)
- Lowell, Massachusetts (satellite of Boston)
- Manchester, New Hampshire (satellite of Boston)
- Marshall, Texas (satellite of Shreveport)
- McKinney, Texas (satellite of Dallas)
- Middletown, Ohio (satellite of Cincinnati)
- Murfreesboro, Tennessee (satellite of Nashville)
- New Haven, Connecticut (satellite of New York City)
- Niagara Falls, New York (satellite of Buffalo)
- Napa, California (satellite of San Francisco)
- Norman, Oklahoma (satellite of Oklahoma City)
- Oceanside, California (satellite of San Diego)
- Oxnard, California (satellite of Los Angeles)
- Providence, Rhode Island (satellite of Boston)
- Provo, Utah (satellite of Salt Lake City)
- Racine, Wisconsin (satellite of Milwaukee)
- Richmond, Kentucky (satellite of Lexington)
- Riverside, California (satellite of Los Angeles)
- Round Rock, Texas (satellite of Austin)
- San Bernardino, California (satellite of Los Angeles)
- San Marcos, Texas (satellite of San Antonio)
- Santa Cruz, California (satellite of San Francisco)
- Santa Rosa, California (satellite of San Francisco)
- Schenectady, New York (satellite of Albany)
- Springfield, Ohio (satellite of Dayton)
- Suffolk, Virginia (satellite of Norfolk)
- Tacoma, Washington (satellite of Seattle)
- Texarkana, Arkansas/Texas (satellite of Shreveport)
- Trenton, New Jersey (satellite of New York City and Philadelphia)
- Vallejo, California (satellite of San Francisco)
- Vancouver, Washington (satellite of Portland, Oregon)
- Westchester, New York, New York (satellite of New York City)
- Wilmington, Delaware (satellite of Philadelphia)
- Worcester, Massachusetts (satellite of Boston)
- Yuba City, California (satellite of Sacramento)
See also
- General
- Rural exodus, New Urbanism, Urban sprawl, Bedroom community, Edge city, urban area, United States urban area
- Planning
- Regional planning, Spatial planning
External articles
- Graham Romeyn Taylor, Satellite Cities. A Study of Industrial Suburbs. ISBN 1-4021-6188-3
- Berger, A. S. (1978). The city: urban communities and their problems. Dubuque, Iowa: Brown.
- Carpenter, N. (1931). The sociology of city life. Longmans' social science series. New York: Longmans, Green and Co.