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{{Hatnote|This article is about the city in Slovenia. For the association football team see [[NK Maribor]].}}
JAZ FUKAM VSAKO NOČ, POFUKAM VSAKO KURBO IN JO PO POTREBNEM ŠE ENKRAT POFUKAM TAK DA JO UBIJEM TAK MOČNO JO FUKAM ijrhjntrkjdgld
{{Infobox settlement
gkeorthiertpogiktpgšp
| name = Maribor
| official_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = sl
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = Maribor Lent.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Maribor Old Town along the [[Drava]] river
| image_flag = Maribor flag.png
| flag_alt =
| image_shield = MBseal.png
| shield_alt =
| nickname =
| motto =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = Slovenia
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of the City of Maribor in Slovenia
| latd = 46|latm = 33|lats = |latNS = N
| longd = 15|longm = 39|longs = |longEW = E
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_type = region:SI_type:adm1st
| coordinates_display = title
| coordinates_footnotes =
| coordinates_region = SI
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Slovenia}}
| subdivision_type1 = Municipality
| subdivision_name1 = [[City Municipality of Maribor]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = <!-- [[Capital (political)|Capital]] -->
| seat =
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party =
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = [[Franc Kangler]] ([[Slovenian People's Party|SLS]])
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| total_type =
| area_total_km2 = 41
| area_note =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes = <ref>[http://www.stat.si/eng/KrajevnaImena/default.asp?txtIme=MARIBOR&selNacin=celo&selTip=naselja&ID=2620 Maribor: Data on the Selected Settlement]. Published by [[Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia]]</ref>
| population_total = 95,171
| population_urban =
| population_metro =
| population_as_of = 1 January 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
| timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1 = +01
| timezone1_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST = +02
| postal_code_type = Post code
| postal_code = 2000
| area_code_type =
| area_code = 02
| iso_code =
| website = {{URL|http://www.maribor.si}}<!-- [http://www.example.com example.com] -->
| footnotes =
}}
'''Maribor''' ({{Audio|Maribor.ogg|pronunciation}} {{lang-de|Marburg an der Drau}}, {{lang-it|Marburgo}}) is the second largest city in [[Slovenia]] with 95,200 inhabitants {{as of|2011|lc=on}}.<ref>[http://www.stat.si/eng/krajevnaimena/default.asp?txtIme=MARIBOR&selNacin=celo&selTip=naselja&ID=2620 :: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia - How frequent are the same names of settlements and streets? ::]</ref> Maribor is also the largest city of the traditional region of [[Lower Styria]] and the seat of the [[City Municipality of Maribor]].

Maribor is, jointly with [[Guimarães]] in Portugal, the 2012 [[European Capital of Culture]]. In November 2010, The European Youth Forum announced that Maribor will be the 2013 [[European Youth Capital]].

==History==
[[File:Maribor Vischer.jpg|left|thumb|230px|Medieval Maribor]]
In 1164, a castle known as the ''Marchburch'' ([[Middle High German]] for "March Castle") was documented in [[March of Styria|Styria]]. It was first built on Piramida Hill, which is located just above the city. Maribor was first mentioned as a market near the castle in 1204, and received [[town privileges]] in 1254. It began to grow rapidly after the victory of [[Rudolph I of Germany|Rudolf I]] of [[Habsburg]] over [[Otakar II of Bohemia|Otakar II]] of [[Bohemia]] in 1278. Maribor withstood sieges by [[Matthias Corvinus]] in 1480 and 1481 and by the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1532 and 1683, and the city remained under the control of the [[Habsburg Monarchy]] until 1918.

Maribor, previously in the [[Roman Catholicism|Catholic]] [[Diocese of Graz-Seckau]], became part of the [[Diocese of Lavant]] on 1 June 1859, and the seat of its [[Prince-Bishop]]. The name of the diocese (after a river in [[Carinthia (province)|Carinthia]]) was later changed to the Diocese of Maribor on 5 March 1962. It was elevated to an [[archdiocese]] by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] on 7 April 2006.

===Jewish community===
[[File:Synagogue in Maribor.JPG|left|200px|thumb|Memorial of Holocaust victims of Maribor, the synagogue in the back]]
{{See also|History of the Jews in Slovenia|Maribor Synagogue}}

The Jews of Maribor were first mentioned in 1277. However, it is suggested that there was already a Jewish quarter in the city. Notwithstanding, the first reliable source for Jews living in the city appears in 1317. The Jewish ghetto was located in the south-eastern part of the city and it comprised, at its peak, several main streets in the city centre as well as part of the main city square. The ghetto boasted a [[Maribor Synagogue|synagogue]], a Jewish cemetery and also a [[Talmud]]ic school. The [[Talmud]]ist, and [[Halakha|Halakhist]] [[Israel Isserlein]] was the chief Rabbi of [[Duchy of Carinthia|Carinthia]], [[Styria]] and [[Carniola]], and thus spent most of his life as a resident of the city. The Jewish community of Maribor was numerically most significant around 1410. After 1450, the circumstances changed dramatically: increasing competition that coincided with an economic crisis dealt a severe blow to economic activities that were crucial to their economic success. According to the decree issued by [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Maximilian I]] in 1496, Jews were forced to leave. Restrictions on settlement and business for Jews remained until 1861.<ref>[http://www.jewishcommunity.si/jss/ENG-zgodovina.asp Jewish community of Slovenia] {{dead link|date=September 2011}}</ref>

In April 1941, Nazi Germany invaded [[Yugoslavia]] and [[Lower Styria]] was annexed to the Third Reich. The Jews of Maribor were deported to concentration camps beginning in late spring of 1941.

Maribor synagogue is one of the oldest preserved synagogues in Europe, and one of only two left in Slovenia.<ref>[http://www.pmuzej-mb.si/stran.php?sinagoga-predstavitev Maribor Synagogue] {{dead link|date=September 2011}}</ref>

===Early 20th century===
[[File:Rudolf Maister statue in Maribor.jpg|thumb|Monument to [[Rudolf Maister]] in Maribor]]
Before [[World War I|First World War]], the city had a population that was 80% [[ethnic German|Austrian Germans]] and 20% [[Slovenes]]; most of the city's capital and public life was in Austrian German hands. Thus, it was mainly known by its [[German language|Austrian]] name {{lang|de|''Marburg an der Drau''}}. According to the last [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian]] census in 1910, the city of Maribor and the suburbs Studenci (''Brunndorf''), Pobrežje (''Pobersch''), Tezno (''Thesen''), Radvanje (''Rothwein''), Krčevina (''Kartschowin''), and Košaki (''Leitersberg'') consisted of 31,995 Austrian Germans (including German-speaking [[Jews]]) and just 6,151 ethnic Slovenes. The surrounding area however was populated almost entirely by Slovenes, although many Austrian Germans lived in smaller towns like [[Ptuj]].

During World War I, many Slovenes in [[Duchy of Carinthia|Carinthia]] and Styria were detained on suspicion of being enemies of the Austrian Empire. This led to distrust between Austrian Germans and Slovenes. After the collapse of Austria-Hungary in 1918, Maribor was claimed by both the [[State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs]] and [[German Austria]]. On 1 November 1918, a meeting was held by Colonel Anton Holik in [[Melje]]'s barracks, where it was decided that the German speaking city should be part of German Austria. Ethnic Slovene Major [[Rudolf Maister]], who was present at the meeting, denounced the decision. That same day he was awarded the rank of general<ref>Maister's rank of General was recognized by the Ministry of Defence of the National Government of SHS on 14 December 1918; published in Official Journal No. 1.</ref> by the National Council for [[Lower Styria|(Slovenian) Styria]] and organized Slovenian military units which successfully seized control of the city. All Austrian officers and soldiers were disarmed and demobilized and to new [[German Austria]]. The city council then held a secret meeting, where it was decided to do whatever possible to regain Maribor for German Austria. They organized a military unit called the Green Guard (''Schutzwehr''), and approximately 400 well-armed soldiers of this unit opposed the pro-Slovenian and pro-Yugoslav Major Maister. Slovenian troops surprised and disarmed the GreenGuard early in the morning of 23 November. Thereafter, there was no threat to the authority of Rudolf Maister in the city.

On 27 January 1919, Austrian Germans gathered to await the [[United States]] peace delegation at the city's marketplace were fired on by Slovenian troops, who apparently feared the crowd of thousands of ethnic German citizens. Nine citizens were killed and more than eighteen were seriously wounded;{{Citation needed|date=November 2011}} who ordered the shooting has never been conclusively established. German sources accused Maister's troops of shooting without cause. Conversely, Slovene witnesses such as Maks Pohar claimed that the Austrian Germans attacked the Slovenian soldiers guarding the Maribor city hall. Regardless of who was responsible, the Austrian German victims had all been unarmed.{{Citation needed|date=October 2008}} The German-language media called the incident ''[[Marburg's Bloody Sunday]]''.

As Maribor was now firmly in the hands of the Slovenian forces and encircled completely by Slovenian territory, the city was recognized as part of the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]] without a [[plebiscite]] in the [[Treaty of Saint-Germain]] of September 1919 between the victors and German Austria.

After 1918, most of Maribor's Austrian Germans left the Kingdom of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs for [[Austria]]. This included the German-speaking officials who did not originate from the region. Austrian German schools, clubs, and organisations were ordered closed by the new state of [[Yugoslavia]], even though ethnic Germans still made up more than 25% of the city's total population as late as the 1930s. A policy of [[cultural assimilation]] was pursued in Yugoslavia against the Austrian German minority similar to the [[Germanization]] policy followed by Austria against its Slovene minority in [[Carinthia (state)|Carinthia]]. However, in the late 1930s the policy was abandoned and the Austrian German minority's position improved significantly in an attempt to gain better diplomatic relations with [[Nazi Germany]].

===World War II===
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 121-0723, Marburg-Drau, Adolf Hitler.jpg|thumb|left|240px|[[Adolf Hitler]] on [[Stari most, Maribor|Stari most bridge]] in Maribor, Yugoslavia in 1941.]]
In 1941, [[Lower Styria]], the Yugoslav part of Styria, was annexed by [[Nazi Germany]]. German troops marched into the town at about 9 pm on April 8, 1941.
[[File:DR 1941 806 Eingliederung von Steiermark, Kärnten und Krain.jpg|right|thumb|230px|Maribor on a 1941 German postage stamp]]
On April 26, [[Adolf Hitler]], who encouraged his followers to "make this land German again",<ref name="Tomasevich">{{cite book| author = Jozo Tomasevich| title = War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941-1945: Occupation and Collaboration|volume=2|series=War and revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941-1945|date = 31 January 2001| publisher = Stanford University Press| ISBN = 978-0-8047-3615-2| page = 85 }}</ref> visited Maribor and a grand reception was organized by local Germans in the city castle. Immediately after the occupation, Nazi Germany began mass expulsions of Slovenes to the [[Independent State of Croatia]], [[Serbia]], and later to the [[Nazi concentration camps|concentration and work camps]] in Germany. The Nazi goal was to re-Germanize the population of Lower Styria after the war.{{Citation needed|date=April 2009}} Many Slovene patriots were taken hostage and some were believed to have been later shot in the prisons of Maribor and Graz.{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}} This led to organized [[Yugoslav Partisans|partisans]] resistance.{{Citation needed|date=April 2009}}. Maribor 'hosted' a German PoW camp from 1941 -1945 for many British, Australian and New Zealand troops who had been captured in Crete in 1941. The city, a major industrial center with an extensive armaments industry, was systematically bombed by the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]] in the closing years of [[World War II]]. The remaining German-speaking population, except those who had actively collaborated with the resistance during the war, was [[Expulsion of Germans after World War II|summarily expelled]] following the end of the war in 1945.

After the liberation, Maribor capitalized on its proximity to Austria as well as its skilled workforce, and developed into a major transit and cultural center of Northern Slovenia, enabled by [[Josip Broz Tito|Tito's]] decision not to build an [[Iron Curtain]] at the borders with Austria and Italy and to provide passports to Yugoslav citizens.

When Slovenia [[History of Slovenia#20th century|seceded]] from Yugoslavia in 1991, the loss of the Yugoslav market severely strained the city's economy which was based on heavy industry. This resulted in a record unemployment rate of nearly 25%. The economic situation has improved since the mid-1990s. Through the development of small- and medium-sized businesses and industry, Maribor was able to overcome the industrial crisis. Slovenia entered the European Union in 2004. Moreover, Slovenia introduced the Euro currency in 2007 and joined the [[Schengen Agreement|Schengen]] treaty; accordingly all border controls between Slovenia and Austria ceased on 25 December 2007.

==Contemporary==
[[File:2009 Lent Festival - Vlado Kreslin (1).jpg|thumb|left|240px|Concert of the popular singer-songwriter [[Vlado Kreslin]] during the 2009 [[Lent Festival]]]]

Popular tourist sites in Maribor include the 12th century [[Maribor Cathedral]] in the [[Gothic architecture|Gothic style]] and the [[Maribor Town Hall]] constructed in the [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]] style. The Maribor castle dates from the 15th century.

Piramida Hill with chapel from 19th century dominates on the northern border limit of the city. Here you can recognize ruins of first Maribor's castle from 12th century. It also offers easy-to-reach view on Maribor and further to the south, along with Drava river.

The city hosts the [[University of Maribor]], established in 1975,<ref>[http://www.uni-mb.si/povezava.aspx?pid=1075 University of Maribor site].</ref> and many other schools. It is also home to the oldest [[Vitis|grapevine]] in the world, called Stara trta,<ref>[http://www.maribor-slovenia-travel-guide.com/old-vine-maribor.html Old vine in Maribor]</ref> which is more than 400 years old.

Maribor is hometown of [[NK Maribor]],<ref>[http://www.nkmaribor.com/ Official website of NK Maribor]</ref> a Slovenian football team. They participated in the [[UEFA Champions League]] in 1999/2000 season, and [[UEFA Europa League]] in 2011/12 season.

Every January, the skiing centre of Mariborsko Pohorje,<ref>[http://www.pohorje.org/poleti_ENG/ Official website of Mariborsko Pohorje]</ref> situated on the outskirts of the city on the slopes of the [[Pohorje]] mountain range, hosts women's [[Slalom skiing|slalom]] and [[Giant Slalom skiing|giant slalom]] races for the [[Alpine Skiing World Cup]] known as ''Zlata lisica'' (The Golden Fox). Every June, the two-week Festival Lent<ref>[http://lent.slovenija.net/ Festival Lent website] {{dead link|date=January 2011}}</ref> (named after the waterfront district called Lent) is held, with hundreds of musical, theatrical and other events.

Maribor was named as an ''Alpine city'' in 2000 and chosen as [[European Capital of Culture]] 2012 alongside with [[Guimarães]], [[Portugal]]. Maribor will be the host city of the [[2013 Winter Universiade]]. In 2011 it was also announced that Maribor will be [[European Youth Capital]] in 2013.
{{-}}

==Architecture==
[[File:Maribor-TownHall.jpg|thumb|left|240px|The Maribor Town Hall]]

2008 saw the completion of the new footbridge called "Studenška brv". It was designed by Slovenian well known structural engineering company Ponting. This bridge also received in 2008 the prestige Footbridge Award, awarded on 3rd International Conference Footbridge in [[Porto]].

Some years ago it was also huge discusion to build the new modern business, residential and entertainment district in Maribor called "Dravska vrata" with nickname Maribor Manhattan. This megalomanic project would include many new exclusive residential apartments, offices and conference halls, green and recreational "oasis" and other objects. In project was also included 111m tall skyscraper, which would be, if build, the tallest building in Slovenia. Currently the project is on hold, because of the recent financial crisis.

In 2010 City of Maribor also organized an international architectural competition ECC Maribor 2012 - Drava 2012 for designing and reconstruction of river Drava banks, for new Art Gallery and for new footbridge. They received about 400 solutions for three competition zones. The footbridge and river embankments will be build in near future, but the Art Gallery was exchanged with cultural multicenter MAKS, which is currently under construction. MAKS Centre will be build on the site of the existing industrial building - designed by arhitectural firm Sadar Vuga.

In 2011 also began the construction of new modern Faculty of Medicine near to river Drava. The faculty was designed by arhitect [[Boris Podrecca]] and it is expected to be completed in 2013.

Not long ago it was also an architectural competition for renovation of Maribor City Library Rotovž with Rotovž Square and for the Main Square in Maribor. In addition, also the renovation of Maribor Island - Mariborski otok waiting for the beginning.

Main bridges (from west to east):
* [[Carinthian Bridge]] (Koroški most)
* [[Studenci Footbridge]] (Studenška brv)
* [[Old Bridge, Maribor|Old Bridge]] (Stari most)
* [[Tito Bridge]] (Titov most)
* [[Rail Bridge]] (Železniški most)
* [[Double-Storey Bridge]] (Dvoetažni most)

There are also many medieval wall remains in Maribor, including towers (the [[Judgement Tower]], the [[Water Tower, Maribor|Water Tower]] and the Jewish Tower).

==Tourist attractions==
Maribor has many touristic places and attractions, such as many interesting events:
* [[Lent Festival]] - major festival event held for approximately two weeks at the end of June. Every year the festival attracts theatre, opera, ballet performers, classical, modern, and jazz musicians and dancers from all over the world as well as visitors. There are also mimes, magicians, and acrobats performing during the festival.
* House of the oldest grapevine in the world (Hiša stare trte) - in Maribor is also the world's oldest living grapevine, which was in 2004 signed in book of [[Guinness World Records]]. The grapevine is about 440 years old.
* Women's [[slalom]] and [[giant slalom]] races for the [[Alpine Skiing World Cup]] known as "Zlata lisica" (The Golden Fox). This event is hold on mountain range [[Pohorje]] which is also the most visited place - both recreational and touristic in winter and also summer.
* Maribor Island (Mariborski otok) - the oldest public baths, but still important and well visited place in Maribor. The city also offers many indoor swimming pools (Pristan, Fontana).
* [[Maribor Castle]], [[Maribor Town Hall]] Rotovž, [[Betnava Castle]], [[Plague Memorial, Maribor]], ruins of old castle [[Pyramid, Maribor|Upper Maribor]] on Piramida Hill.
* Medieval Maribor's defence walls with [http://maribor-pohorje.si/defence-towers.aspx defence towers] all along the old-city limits.
* Wine and culinary specialities - international and Slovene cousine (mushroom soup with buckwheat mush, tripe, sour soup, sausages with sauerkraut, cheese dumplings, apple strudel, special cheese cake called [[gibanica]]). Also many popular restaurant with [[Serbian cuisine]].
* Vinag Wine Cellar (Vinagova vinska klet) - with 20.000 m2 surface and {{convert|2|km|0|abbr=on}} length has 5,5 millions litres of excellent wine.
* Maribor City Park (with City Aquarium and Terrarium, wide promenade, which lead to the Three Ponds (Trije ribniki), in park is over 100 local and foreign species of deciduous and coniferous trees).
* Pohorje Adrenaline Park(Adrenalinski park Pohorje) with High Ropes Course, one track line PohorJET, summer sledding and Bike park Pohorje.
* [[Maribor Synagogue]] (Sinagoga Maribor) - built in 14th century, it is the second oldest in Europe. Today, it serves as a centre for cultural activities and it offers visitors various events including exhibitions, concerts, literary evenings and round tables. The Synagogue is located in the square Jewish square (Židovski trg) in the former Jewish quarter.
* Kalvarija and Piramida (well visited city hills Pyramid, Maribor) surrounded by vineyards, and ruins of old castle [[Pyramid, Maribor|Upper Maribor]].
* Birthplace of Austrian admiral [[Wilhelm von Tegetthoff]] in "Slovenska ulica" (at today's "Admiral" caffe)
* Maribor, jointly with [[Guimarães]], is going to be [[European Capital of Culture]] in 2012.
* 2013 [[European Youth Capital]].

<gallery>
File:Maribor Grad 20070107.jpg|Maribor Castle
File:FranciscanChurch Maribor.jpg|Franciscan Church
File:Kužno znamenje Maribor.jpg|Plaque Column
File:Maribor Stara trta 1.jpg|The Old Vine: considered the oldest vine tree in the world
</gallery>

==Demography==
<center>
'''Population development<ref>[http://www.stat.si/pxweb/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=2654911S&ti=Podatki+s+podro%E8ja+demografije+(projekt+Urban+Audit)+za+ob%E8ini+Ljubljana+in+Maribor&path=../Database/Splosno/26_kazalniki/30_26549_UrbAudit/&lang=2 Tabela: Podatki s področja demografije (projekt Urban Audit) za občini Ljubljana in Maribor]</ref>'''
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width:80%; border:0; text-align:center; line-height:120%;"
|-
! style="background:#f5f5f5; width:11%; color:#000;"| 1991
! style="background:#f5f5f5; width:11%; color:#000;"| 1996
! style="background:#f5f5f5; width:11%; color:#000;"| 2002
! style="background:#f5f5f5; width:11%; color:#000;"| 2004
|- style="color:#000; background:#d1e8ff;"
|| 119,828
|| 116,147
|| 110,668
|| 112,558
|}
</center>

{{-}}

==City districts==
The city districts ({{lang-sl|mestne četrti}})

[[File:MBdistricts2009.jpg|right|thumb|500px|City districts and other parts of the municipality of Maribor]]

The city of Maribor has 12 districts as listed below, but the whole Municipality of Maribor also includes Kamnica, Pekre, Limbuš, Razvanje, Malečnik-Ruperče and Brestrenica-Gaj.
The river Drava divides the districts Center, Koroška Vrata, Melje and Ivan Cankar from the other districts of the city. They are all connected with 4 traffic bridges, 1 train bridge and 1 pedestrian bridge.

{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 10px 0 10px 25px; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #AAA solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; float: left;" class="sortable"
|-
! style="background: #efefef; border-bottom: 2px solid gray;" | No.
! style="background: #efefef; border-bottom: 2px solid gray;" | District
|-
| 1. || [[Center, Maribor|Center]]
|-
| 2. || [[Koroška vrata]]
|-
| 3. || [[Melje]]
|-
| 4. || [[Ivan Cankar, Maribor|Ivan Cankar]]
|-
| 5. || [[Magdalena, Maribor|Magdalena]]
|-
| 6. || [[Tabor, Maribor|Tabor]]
|-
| 7. || [[Studenci, Maribor|Studenci]]
|-
| 8. || [[Pobrežje, Maribor|Pobrežje]]
|-
| 9. || [[Nova Vas]]
|-
| 10. || [[Tezno]]
|-
| 11. || [[Brezje, Maribor|Brezje]] - [[Dogoše]] - [[Zrkovci]]
|-
| 12. || [[Radvanje]]
|- class="sortbottom"
<!--| || TOTAL || 641.43 || 779,145 || 1,214.9 -->
|}
{{-}}

==Sport==
{{expand-section|date=March 2012}}
It was presumed that Maribor would host the XXVI [[2013 Winter Universiade]], but the [[Government of Slovenia]] declined financial support of the project in February 2012 due to lack of the assets.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.delo.si/novice/slovenija/kresanje-mnenj-o-univerzijadi.html |title=Kresanje mnenj o univerzijadi |language=Slovene |trans_title=Clash of Opinions About the Universiade |date=19 February 2012 |newspaper=Delo.si}}</ref> In March 2012, the [[International University Sports Federation]] decided that it would organise the universiade elsewhere.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.slovenskenovice.si/novice/slovenija/mariboru-odvzeli-univerzijado |title=Mariboru odvzeli univerzijado |language=Slovene |newspaper=Slovenske novice |trans_title=Universiade Taken Away from Maribor |date=6 March 2012}}</ref>

==Notable natives and residents==
List of notable individuals who were born or lived in Maribor:
* [[Bernhard von Spanheim]], duke of Carinthia, founder of the city
* [[Leon Štukelj]], Olympic champion
* [[Zlatko Zahovič]], football player
* [[Tomaž Barada]], taekwondoist
* [[Sani Bečirovič]], basketball player
* [[Danilo Türk]], president of Slovenia
* [[Saša Vujačić]], NBA basketball player
* [[Fredi Bobic]], German-Slovene football player
* [[Andrej Brvar]], poet
* [[Aleš Čeh]], football player
* [[Lev Detela]], writer, poet, and translator
* [[Mladen Dolar]], philosopher
* [[Filip Flisar]], [[ski cross]] champion
* [[Vekoslav Grmič]], Roman Catholic bishop and theologian
* [[Herta Haas]], second wife of [[Joseph Broz Tito]]
* [[Polona Hercog]], tennis player
* [[Israel Isserlin]], Medieval rabbi
* [[Archduke Johann of Austria]], Habsburg nobleman and philanthropist
* [[Drago Jančar]], author
* [[Janko Kastelic]], conductor and music director
* [[Matjaž Kek]], football player and coach
* [[Ottokar Kernstock]], Austrian poet
* [[Aleksander Knavs]], football player
* [[Edvard Kocbek]], poet, essayist, and politician
* [[Katja Koren]], alpine skier
* [[Anton Korošec]], politician
* [[Bratko Kreft]], author
* [[Rene Krhin]], football player
* [[Marko Letonja]], conductor
* [[Rudolf Maister]], military leader
* [[Janez Menart]], poet and translator
* [[Guiseppe Morpurgo]], Founder of Generali
* [[Mima Jaušovec]], female former tennis player
* [[Tomaž Pandur]], stage director
* [[Tone Partljič]], playwright, screenwriter, politician
* [[Žarko Petan]], writer, essayist, theatre and film director
* [[Janko Pleterski]], historian
* [[Tomaž Gnyra]], carpenter
* [[Miran Potrč]], politician
* [[Zoran Predin]], singer
* [[Ladislaus von Rabcewicz]], Austrian civil engineer
* [[Stanko Majcen]], playwright
* [[Zorko Simčič]], writer and essayist
* [[Anton Martin Slomšek]], Roman Catholic bishop, author, poet, and advocate of Slovene culture.
* [[Wilhelm von Tegetthoff]], Austrian admiral
* [[Anton Trstenjak (theologian)|Anton Trstenjak]], theologian, psychologist, essayist
* [[Prežihov Voranc]], writer and political activist
* [[Krištof Wildenrainer]], mayor, who defended Maribor from Osmans in 1532
* [[Karmina Šilec]], conductor
* [[Luka Šulić]], cellist, member of the [[2Cellos]] duo
* [[Jan Muršak]], second ever Slovenian NHL hockey player
* [[Luka Krajnc]], football player
* [[Maja Keuc]], singer

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Slovenia}}

===Twin towns — sister cities===
Maribor is [[town twinning|twinned]] with:
{| class="wikitable"
|- valign="top"
|
* {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Graz]], [[Austria]]<ref name="Graz">{{cite web |url=http://www.graz.at/cms/beitrag/10045157/606819/ |title=Twin Towns - Graz Online - English Version |publisher=www.graz.at |accessdate=2010-01-05 }}</ref>
* {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Royal Borough of Greenwich|Greenwich]], [[England]], [[United Kingdom]]
* {{flagicon|Serbia}} [[Kraljevo]], [[Serbia]]
* {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Marburg]], [[Germany]]
||
* {{flagicon|Croatia}} [[Osijek]], [[Croatia]]
* {{flagicon|Luxembourg}} [[Pétange]], [[Luxembourg]]
* {{flagicon|United States}} [[Pueblo, Colorado|Pueblo]], [[Colorado]], [[United States]]
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Russia]]
||
* {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Szombathely]], [[Hungary]]
* {{flagicon|France}} [[Tours]], [[France]]
* {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Udine]], [[Italy]]
|}

==References==
;Notes
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Maribor}}
* [http://zemljevid.najdi.si/search.jsp?q=Maribor&tab=maps Interactive map of Maribor] at [http://www.najdi.si/ Najdi.si]
* [http://www.maribor.si/ Official website] {{sl icon}}
* [http://www.maribor-tourism.si/ Tourism homepage]
* [http://www.slovenia-explorer.com/en/places?place=3 Slovenia Explorer - Maribor]
* [http://www.maribor-slovenia-travel-guide.com/ Family travel guide to Maribor]
* [http://www.ugm.si/ Maribor art gallery]
* {{Wikitravel|Maribor}}
* [http://kraji.eu/slovenija/maribor/eng Maribor at kraji.eu]

{{Maribor}}
{{Municipalities of Slovenia}}

{{European Capital of Culture}}

[[Category:Populated places in the Municipality of Maribor]]
[[Category:Maribor| ]]
[[Category:European Capitals of Culture]]
[[Category:Historic Jewish communities]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Slovenia]]

[[an:Maribor]]
[[ar:ماريبور]]
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Revision as of 16:03, 6 April 2012

This article is about the city in Slovenia. For the association football team see NK Maribor.
Maribor
City
Maribor Old Town along the Drava river
Maribor Old Town along the Drava river
Flag of Maribor
Flag
Coat of arms of Maribor
Coat of arms
Country Slovenia
MunicipalityCity Municipality of Maribor
Government
 • MayorFranc Kangler (SLS)
Area
 • Total41 km2 (16 sq mi)
Population
 (1 January 2011)[1]
 • Total95,171
 • Density2,300/km2 (6,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02 (CEST)
Post code
2000
Area code02
Websitewww.maribor.si

Maribor (pronunciationⓘ German: Marburg an der Drau, Italian: Marburgo) is the second largest city in Slovenia with 95,200 inhabitants as of 2011.[2] Maribor is also the largest city of the traditional region of Lower Styria and the seat of the City Municipality of Maribor.

Maribor is, jointly with Guimarães in Portugal, the 2012 European Capital of Culture. In November 2010, The European Youth Forum announced that Maribor will be the 2013 European Youth Capital.

History

Medieval Maribor

In 1164, a castle known as the Marchburch (Middle High German for "March Castle") was documented in Styria. It was first built on Piramida Hill, which is located just above the city. Maribor was first mentioned as a market near the castle in 1204, and received town privileges in 1254. It began to grow rapidly after the victory of Rudolf I of Habsburg over Otakar II of Bohemia in 1278. Maribor withstood sieges by Matthias Corvinus in 1480 and 1481 and by the Ottoman Empire in 1532 and 1683, and the city remained under the control of the Habsburg Monarchy until 1918.

Maribor, previously in the Catholic Diocese of Graz-Seckau, became part of the Diocese of Lavant on 1 June 1859, and the seat of its Prince-Bishop. The name of the diocese (after a river in Carinthia) was later changed to the Diocese of Maribor on 5 March 1962. It was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope Benedict XVI on 7 April 2006.

Jewish community

File:Synagogue in Maribor.JPG
Memorial of Holocaust victims of Maribor, the synagogue in the back
See also: History of the Jews in Slovenia and Maribor Synagogue

The Jews of Maribor were first mentioned in 1277. However, it is suggested that there was already a Jewish quarter in the city. Notwithstanding, the first reliable source for Jews living in the city appears in 1317. The Jewish ghetto was located in the south-eastern part of the city and it comprised, at its peak, several main streets in the city centre as well as part of the main city square. The ghetto boasted a synagogue, a Jewish cemetery and also a Talmudic school. The Talmudist, and Halakhist Israel Isserlein was the chief Rabbi of Carinthia, Styria and Carniola, and thus spent most of his life as a resident of the city. The Jewish community of Maribor was numerically most significant around 1410. After 1450, the circumstances changed dramatically: increasing competition that coincided with an economic crisis dealt a severe blow to economic activities that were crucial to their economic success. According to the decree issued by Emperor Maximilian I in 1496, Jews were forced to leave. Restrictions on settlement and business for Jews remained until 1861.[3]

In April 1941, Nazi Germany invaded Yugoslavia and Lower Styria was annexed to the Third Reich. The Jews of Maribor were deported to concentration camps beginning in late spring of 1941.

Maribor synagogue is one of the oldest preserved synagogues in Europe, and one of only two left in Slovenia.[4]

Early 20th century

File:Rudolf Maister statue in Maribor.jpg
Monument to Rudolf Maister in Maribor

Before First World War, the city had a population that was 80% Austrian Germans and 20% Slovenes; most of the city's capital and public life was in Austrian German hands. Thus, it was mainly known by its Austrian name [Marburg an der Drau] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help). According to the last Austro-Hungarian census in 1910, the city of Maribor and the suburbs Studenci (Brunndorf), Pobrežje (Pobersch), Tezno (Thesen), Radvanje (Rothwein), Krčevina (Kartschowin), and Košaki (Leitersberg) consisted of 31,995 Austrian Germans (including German-speaking Jews) and just 6,151 ethnic Slovenes. The surrounding area however was populated almost entirely by Slovenes, although many Austrian Germans lived in smaller towns like Ptuj.

During World War I, many Slovenes in Carinthia and Styria were detained on suspicion of being enemies of the Austrian Empire. This led to distrust between Austrian Germans and Slovenes. After the collapse of Austria-Hungary in 1918, Maribor was claimed by both the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs and German Austria. On 1 November 1918, a meeting was held by Colonel Anton Holik in Melje's barracks, where it was decided that the German speaking city should be part of German Austria. Ethnic Slovene Major Rudolf Maister, who was present at the meeting, denounced the decision. That same day he was awarded the rank of general[5] by the National Council for (Slovenian) Styria and organized Slovenian military units which successfully seized control of the city. All Austrian officers and soldiers were disarmed and demobilized and to new German Austria. The city council then held a secret meeting, where it was decided to do whatever possible to regain Maribor for German Austria. They organized a military unit called the Green Guard (Schutzwehr), and approximately 400 well-armed soldiers of this unit opposed the pro-Slovenian and pro-Yugoslav Major Maister. Slovenian troops surprised and disarmed the GreenGuard early in the morning of 23 November. Thereafter, there was no threat to the authority of Rudolf Maister in the city.

On 27 January 1919, Austrian Germans gathered to await the United States peace delegation at the city's marketplace were fired on by Slovenian troops, who apparently feared the crowd of thousands of ethnic German citizens. Nine citizens were killed and more than eighteen were seriously wounded;[citation needed] who ordered the shooting has never been conclusively established. German sources accused Maister's troops of shooting without cause. Conversely, Slovene witnesses such as Maks Pohar claimed that the Austrian Germans attacked the Slovenian soldiers guarding the Maribor city hall. Regardless of who was responsible, the Austrian German victims had all been unarmed.[citation needed] The German-language media called the incident Marburg's Bloody Sunday.

As Maribor was now firmly in the hands of the Slovenian forces and encircled completely by Slovenian territory, the city was recognized as part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes without a plebiscite in the Treaty of Saint-Germain of September 1919 between the victors and German Austria.

After 1918, most of Maribor's Austrian Germans left the Kingdom of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs for Austria. This included the German-speaking officials who did not originate from the region. Austrian German schools, clubs, and organisations were ordered closed by the new state of Yugoslavia, even though ethnic Germans still made up more than 25% of the city's total population as late as the 1930s. A policy of cultural assimilation was pursued in Yugoslavia against the Austrian German minority similar to the Germanization policy followed by Austria against its Slovene minority in Carinthia. However, in the late 1930s the policy was abandoned and the Austrian German minority's position improved significantly in an attempt to gain better diplomatic relations with Nazi Germany.

World War II

Adolf Hitler on Stari most bridge in Maribor, Yugoslavia in 1941.

In 1941, Lower Styria, the Yugoslav part of Styria, was annexed by Nazi Germany. German troops marched into the town at about 9 pm on April 8, 1941.

File:DR 1941 806 Eingliederung von Steiermark, Kärnten und Krain.jpg
Maribor on a 1941 German postage stamp

On April 26, Adolf Hitler, who encouraged his followers to "make this land German again",[6] visited Maribor and a grand reception was organized by local Germans in the city castle. Immediately after the occupation, Nazi Germany began mass expulsions of Slovenes to the Independent State of Croatia, Serbia, and later to the concentration and work camps in Germany. The Nazi goal was to re-Germanize the population of Lower Styria after the war.[citation needed] Many Slovene patriots were taken hostage and some were believed to have been later shot in the prisons of Maribor and Graz.[citation needed] This led to organized partisans resistance.[citation needed]. Maribor 'hosted' a German PoW camp from 1941 -1945 for many British, Australian and New Zealand troops who had been captured in Crete in 1941. The city, a major industrial center with an extensive armaments industry, was systematically bombed by the Allies in the closing years of World War II. The remaining German-speaking population, except those who had actively collaborated with the resistance during the war, was summarily expelled following the end of the war in 1945.

After the liberation, Maribor capitalized on its proximity to Austria as well as its skilled workforce, and developed into a major transit and cultural center of Northern Slovenia, enabled by Tito's decision not to build an Iron Curtain at the borders with Austria and Italy and to provide passports to Yugoslav citizens.

When Slovenia seceded from Yugoslavia in 1991, the loss of the Yugoslav market severely strained the city's economy which was based on heavy industry. This resulted in a record unemployment rate of nearly 25%. The economic situation has improved since the mid-1990s. Through the development of small- and medium-sized businesses and industry, Maribor was able to overcome the industrial crisis. Slovenia entered the European Union in 2004. Moreover, Slovenia introduced the Euro currency in 2007 and joined the Schengen treaty; accordingly all border controls between Slovenia and Austria ceased on 25 December 2007.

Contemporary

Concert of the popular singer-songwriter Vlado Kreslin during the 2009 Lent Festival

Popular tourist sites in Maribor include the 12th century Maribor Cathedral in the Gothic style and the Maribor Town Hall constructed in the Renaissance style. The Maribor castle dates from the 15th century.

Piramida Hill with chapel from 19th century dominates on the northern border limit of the city. Here you can recognize ruins of first Maribor's castle from 12th century. It also offers easy-to-reach view on Maribor and further to the south, along with Drava river.

The city hosts the University of Maribor, established in 1975,[7] and many other schools. It is also home to the oldest grapevine in the world, called Stara trta,[8] which is more than 400 years old.

Maribor is hometown of NK Maribor,[9] a Slovenian football team. They participated in the UEFA Champions League in 1999/2000 season, and UEFA Europa League in 2011/12 season.

Every January, the skiing centre of Mariborsko Pohorje,[10] situated on the outskirts of the city on the slopes of the Pohorje mountain range, hosts women's slalom and giant slalom races for the Alpine Skiing World Cup known as Zlata lisica (The Golden Fox). Every June, the two-week Festival Lent[11] (named after the waterfront district called Lent) is held, with hundreds of musical, theatrical and other events.

Maribor was named as an Alpine city in 2000 and chosen as European Capital of Culture 2012 alongside with Guimarães, Portugal. Maribor will be the host city of the 2013 Winter Universiade. In 2011 it was also announced that Maribor will be European Youth Capital in 2013.

Architecture

The Maribor Town Hall

2008 saw the completion of the new footbridge called "Studenška brv". It was designed by Slovenian well known structural engineering company Ponting. This bridge also received in 2008 the prestige Footbridge Award, awarded on 3rd International Conference Footbridge in Porto.

Some years ago it was also huge discusion to build the new modern business, residential and entertainment district in Maribor called "Dravska vrata" with nickname Maribor Manhattan. This megalomanic project would include many new exclusive residential apartments, offices and conference halls, green and recreational "oasis" and other objects. In project was also included 111m tall skyscraper, which would be, if build, the tallest building in Slovenia. Currently the project is on hold, because of the recent financial crisis.

In 2010 City of Maribor also organized an international architectural competition ECC Maribor 2012 - Drava 2012 for designing and reconstruction of river Drava banks, for new Art Gallery and for new footbridge. They received about 400 solutions for three competition zones. The footbridge and river embankments will be build in near future, but the Art Gallery was exchanged with cultural multicenter MAKS, which is currently under construction. MAKS Centre will be build on the site of the existing industrial building - designed by arhitectural firm Sadar Vuga.

In 2011 also began the construction of new modern Faculty of Medicine near to river Drava. The faculty was designed by arhitect Boris Podrecca and it is expected to be completed in 2013.

Not long ago it was also an architectural competition for renovation of Maribor City Library Rotovž with Rotovž Square and for the Main Square in Maribor. In addition, also the renovation of Maribor Island - Mariborski otok waiting for the beginning.

Main bridges (from west to east):

There are also many medieval wall remains in Maribor, including towers (the Judgement Tower, the Water Tower and the Jewish Tower).

Tourist attractions

Maribor has many touristic places and attractions, such as many interesting events:

  • Lent Festival - major festival event held for approximately two weeks at the end of June. Every year the festival attracts theatre, opera, ballet performers, classical, modern, and jazz musicians and dancers from all over the world as well as visitors. There are also mimes, magicians, and acrobats performing during the festival.
  • House of the oldest grapevine in the world (Hiša stare trte) - in Maribor is also the world's oldest living grapevine, which was in 2004 signed in book of Guinness World Records. The grapevine is about 440 years old.
  • Women's slalom and giant slalom races for the Alpine Skiing World Cup known as "Zlata lisica" (The Golden Fox). This event is hold on mountain range Pohorje which is also the most visited place - both recreational and touristic in winter and also summer.
  • Maribor Island (Mariborski otok) - the oldest public baths, but still important and well visited place in Maribor. The city also offers many indoor swimming pools (Pristan, Fontana).
  • Maribor Castle, Maribor Town Hall Rotovž, Betnava Castle, Plague Memorial, Maribor, ruins of old castle Upper Maribor on Piramida Hill.
  • Medieval Maribor's defence walls with defence towers all along the old-city limits.
  • Wine and culinary specialities - international and Slovene cousine (mushroom soup with buckwheat mush, tripe, sour soup, sausages with sauerkraut, cheese dumplings, apple strudel, special cheese cake called gibanica). Also many popular restaurant with Serbian cuisine.
  • Vinag Wine Cellar (Vinagova vinska klet) - with 20.000 m2 surface and 2 km (1 mi) length has 5,5 millions litres of excellent wine.
  • Maribor City Park (with City Aquarium and Terrarium, wide promenade, which lead to the Three Ponds (Trije ribniki), in park is over 100 local and foreign species of deciduous and coniferous trees).
  • Pohorje Adrenaline Park(Adrenalinski park Pohorje) with High Ropes Course, one track line PohorJET, summer sledding and Bike park Pohorje.
  • Maribor Synagogue (Sinagoga Maribor) - built in 14th century, it is the second oldest in Europe. Today, it serves as a centre for cultural activities and it offers visitors various events including exhibitions, concerts, literary evenings and round tables. The Synagogue is located in the square Jewish square (Židovski trg) in the former Jewish quarter.
  • Kalvarija and Piramida (well visited city hills Pyramid, Maribor) surrounded by vineyards, and ruins of old castle Upper Maribor.
  • Birthplace of Austrian admiral Wilhelm von Tegetthoff in "Slovenska ulica" (at today's "Admiral" caffe)
  • Maribor, jointly with Guimarães, is going to be European Capital of Culture in 2012.
  • 2013 European Youth Capital.
  • Maribor Castle
    Maribor Castle
  • Franciscan Church
    Franciscan Church
  • Plaque Column
    Plaque Column
  • The Old Vine: considered the oldest vine tree in the world
    The Old Vine: considered the oldest vine tree in the world

Demography

Population development[12]

1991 1996 2002 2004
119,828 116,147 110,668 112,558

City districts

The city districts (Slovene: mestne četrti)

City districts and other parts of the municipality of Maribor

The city of Maribor has 12 districts as listed below, but the whole Municipality of Maribor also includes Kamnica, Pekre, Limbuš, Razvanje, Malečnik-Ruperče and Brestrenica-Gaj. The river Drava divides the districts Center, Koroška Vrata, Melje and Ivan Cankar from the other districts of the city. They are all connected with 4 traffic bridges, 1 train bridge and 1 pedestrian bridge.

No. District
1. Center
2. Koroška vrata
3. Melje
4. Ivan Cankar
5. Magdalena
6. Tabor
7. Studenci
8. Pobrežje
9. Nova Vas
10. Tezno
11. Brezje - Dogoše - Zrkovci
12. Radvanje

Sport

It was presumed that Maribor would host the XXVI 2013 Winter Universiade, but the Government of Slovenia declined financial support of the project in February 2012 due to lack of the assets.[13] In March 2012, the International University Sports Federation decided that it would organise the universiade elsewhere.[14]

Notable natives and residents

List of notable individuals who were born or lived in Maribor:

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Slovenia

Twin towns — sister cities

Maribor is twinned with:

References

Notes
  1. ^ Maribor: Data on the Selected Settlement. Published by Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia
  2. ^ :: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia - How frequent are the same names of settlements and streets? ::
  3. ^ Jewish community of Slovenia [dead link]
  4. ^ Maribor Synagogue [dead link]
  5. ^ Maister's rank of General was recognized by the Ministry of Defence of the National Government of SHS on 14 December 1918; published in Official Journal No. 1.
  6. ^ Jozo Tomasevich (31 January 2001). War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941-1945: Occupation and Collaboration. War and revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941-1945. Vol. 2. Stanford University Press. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-8047-3615-2.
  7. ^ University of Maribor site.
  8. ^ Old vine in Maribor
  9. ^ Official website of NK Maribor
  10. ^ Official website of Mariborsko Pohorje
  11. ^ Festival Lent website [dead link]
  12. ^ Tabela: Podatki s področja demografije (projekt Urban Audit) za občini Ljubljana in Maribor
  13. ^ "Kresanje mnenj o univerzijadi". Delo.si (in Slovene). 19 February 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  14. ^ "Mariboru odvzeli univerzijado". Slovenske novice (in Slovene). 6 March 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  15. ^ "Twin Towns - Graz Online - English Version". www.graz.at. Retrieved 2010-01-05.
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