Boston Marathon bombing

Boston Marathon bombings
Aftermath of the first blast
Location	Bombing: Boylston Street, west of Copley Square, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. Shooting: MIT Campus, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S. Firefight and Manhunt: Watertown, Massachusetts, U.S.
Date	Bombing: April 15, 2013 (2013-04-15), 2:49 p.m. (EDT) Shooting: April 18, 2013, 10:48 p.m. Firefight and Manhunt: April 19, 2013, 12:30 a.m. – 8:42 p.m. ( EDT)
Attack type	Bombing, terrorism, shootings, carjacking
Weapons	Pressure cooker bombs Other improvised explosive devices Guns and stolen SUV
Deaths	5 total 3 civilians from bombing on April 15 1 police officer from shooting on April 18 1 suspect from firefight on April 19
Injured	185 total 183 civilians from bombing on April 15 1 police officer from firefight on April 19 1 suspect from firefight on April 19

The Boston Marathon bombings were a terrorist attack during the Boston Marathon on April 15, 2013. Two bombs exploded 13 seconds apart at 2:49 p.m. EDT (18:49 UTC) on Boylston Street near the finish line, killing three people and injuring 183 others.

On April 18, the FBI asked the public for assistance both before and after releasing photographs and videos of two suspects. These were identified with help from the public as the brothers Dzhokhar and Tamerlan Tsarnaev.

Five hours after the release of the photos, the suspects allegedly killed an MIT police officer. They then hijacked a car and its owner but were tracked by the police to Watertown, Massachusetts, where an extended firefight ensued and a public transit police officer was critically injured. Tamerlan Tsarnaev was captured, and he died in the hospital from his injuries. Dzhokhar was injured, but he escaped from the police.

Thousands of police and military personnel conducted a manhunt for Dzhokhar in a 20-block area of Watertown. On April 19, authorities requested all residents of Watertown and the surrounding areas, including the city of Boston, to stay indoors. Most public institutions and businesses as well as the public transportation system shut down, resulting in a deserted urban environment of historic size and duration. When the recommendation to stay indoors was lifted that evening, the injured Dzhokhar was found by a resident checking a blood-stained and loose tarpaulin on his boat. After a standoff, Dzhokhar was captured by police and taken to a hospital.

Bombings

The blasts occurred close to the finish line (yellow) along the marathon course (dark blue), with the first blast being closer to the finish

On Patriots' Day, Monday, April 15, 2013, the annual Boston Marathon began without any indications of an imminent attack. Officials swept the area for bombs twice before the explosions; the second sweep occurred one hour before the bombs went off. People were able to come and go freely, and carry bags and items in and out of the area.

At 2:49 p.m. EDT (18:49 UTC), about two hours after the winner crossed the finish line, but with more than 5,700 runners yet to finish, two bombs detonated on Boylston Street near Copley Square about 180 yards (170 m) apart, just before the finish line. The first exploded outside Marathon Sports at 671–673 Boylston Street at 2:49:43 p.m. EDT. At the time of the first explosion, the race clock at the finish line showed 04:09:43. The second bomb was located one block farther west at 755 Boylston Street and exploded at 2:49:57 p.m. EDT, about 13 seconds after the first one.

The blasts blew out windows on adjacent buildings but did not cause any structural damage. Some runners continued to cross the line until 2:57 p.m. EDT, eight minutes after the explosions.

Victims

The toll from the bombings was three people killed and 183 injured. A number of the injuries were grievous, requiring intensive care, and appeared to be "war-like injuries" of mutilation, shrapnel wounds, and dismemberment. The trauma surgery chief at Boston Medical Center said: "We see patients like this, with mangled extremities, but we don’t see 16 of them at the same time, and we don’t see patients from blast injuries."

Deaths

Three spectators were killed in the bombings: Krystle Campbell, 29, a female restaurant manager from Medford, Massachusetts; Lü Lingzi (Chinese: 吕令子), 23, a female Chinese national and Boston University graduate student from Shenyang, Liaoning; and Martin Richard, an eight-year-old boy from the Dorchester neighborhood of Boston, who was reportedly killed by the second bomb.

An MIT police officer, Sean Collier, 26, was shot and killed three days later when he was ambushed by the suspects, leading to a manhunt.

Injuries

Ten local hospitals treated more than 178 people. At least 15 of the injured were in critical condition on April 16, including two children.

Many victims suffered lower leg injuries and shrapnel wounds, which indicated the devices were low to the ground. At least 14 of the injured suffered severed limbs, and as a result had to have amputations.

Doctors described removing "ball-bearing type" metallic beads a little larger than BBs, and small carpenter-type nails about 1 to 2.5 centimeters (0.4 to 1 in) long. Similar objects were found at the scene. The New York Times stated that, according to doctors, because the bombs were low to the ground, the injuries mainly affected legs and feet instead of abdomens, chests, and heads, and as a result few deaths occurred. Some suffered ruptured eardrums.

During the manhunt three days later, MBTA police officer Richard Donohue, Jr., 33, was critically wounded in a firefight with the suspects.

Initial response

Police and other emergency workers on the scene

Rescue workers, medical personnel on hand to assist runners, bystanders, and runners rushed to help the wounded in the immediate aftermath.

The marathon was halted abruptly. Police, following emergency plans, diverted the remaining runners away from the finish line to Boston Common and Kenmore Square. The nearby Lenox Hotel was also evacuated. Police closed down a 15-block area around the blast site; this was reduced to a 12-block crime scene on April 16. Massachusetts Army National Guard soldiers already on scene joined local authorities in rendering aid. Bomb squads searched the area. Many bystanders had dropped backpacks and other bags as they fled, requiring each to be treated as a potential bomb. Boston police commissioner Ed Davis recommended that people stay off the streets.

Various bags and packages found on the street were treated as potential additional bombs. At one point the Boston Police Bomb Squad said they would perform a controlled explosion of a package found on the 600 block of Boylston Street, but later decided it was unnecessary. A number of news reports stated that more bombs had been found, although in the end none were.

Emergency services at work after the bombings

As a precaution, the FAA restricted airspace over Boston, and issued a temporary ground stop for Boston's Logan International Airport. Some Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority service was halted. Several cities in Massachusetts and other states put their police forces on alert. U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder directed that the "full resources" of the U.S. Department of Justice be brought to bear on investigating the explosions. The Navy sent one of its bomb-disposal units to Boston to help local authorities.

The Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency suggested people trying to contact those in the vicinity use text messaging, instead of voice calls, because of crowded cellphone lines. Cellphone service in Boston was congested but remained in operation, despite some local media reports stating that cell service was shut down.

The American Red Cross helped concerned friends and family receive information about runners and casualties. The Boston Police Department also set up a helpline for people concerned about relatives or acquaintances to contact and a line for people to provide information. Google Person Finder activated their disaster service under Boston Marathon Explosions to log known information about missing persons as a publicly viewable file.

Because of the closure of several hotels near the blast zone, some out-of-town visitors were left with nowhere to stay; many Boston-area residents opened their homes to them.

Investigation

Richard DesLauriers, special agent in charge of the FBI Boston Field Office, addresses the media.

The Federal Bureau of Investigation led the investigation, assisted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), the National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC), and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA); treating the bombings as a terrorist attack and naming two alleged perpetrators officially as suspects.

The FBI reported that this pressure cooker fragment is part of one of the explosive devices.

United States government officials stated that there had been no intelligence reports that indicated such a bombing would take place. Representative Peter King, member of the House Intelligence Committee said: "I received two top secret briefings last week on the current threat levels in the United States, and there was no evidence of this at all."

Investigators found shrapnel that included bits of metal, nails, and ball bearings, as well as black nylon pieces from a backpack. The lid of a Fagor-brand pressure cooker was found on a nearby rooftop. Investigators also found the remains of an electronic circuit board and wiring, possibly used as a timer of the bomb. Rep. Mike McCaul said "most likely, gunpowder was used in the devices". All evidence was sent to the FBI Laboratory for analysis. Both of the improvised explosive devices are reported to be pressure cooker bombs.

Description and identification of suspects

The investigation's "turning point" was the release of photos of "Suspects 1 and 2" taken by local security cameras and bystanders along the marathon's course. The two were later identified as Tamerlan (front) and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev.

On April 18, in a 5:20 p.m. news conference, the FBI released photos and a surveillance video of two suspects – each carrying backpacks and walking nonchalantly but purposefully in single file formation – and sought the public's help in identifying them. Jeff Bauman, a victim who lost both legs, was adjacent to the location of one of the bombs; upon recovering consciousness he asked for pen and paper and wrote a note to the FBI, "bag, saw the guy, looked right at me". Bauman was later able to provide detailed descriptions to the authorities of a suspect who was seen placing a backpack beside him at the bombing scene two and a half minutes before the second bomb exploded, enabling the photo to be identified and circulated quickly. Authorities later said that releasing the suspect's photos "was a turning point in the investigation, no doubt about it."

The suspects—initially identified by the FBI as unnamed suspects 1 and 2 (or "black hat" and "white hat," respectively) from photographic and video evidence—had "acted differently" after the explosions; they had stayed to watch the aftermath and walked away "casually", rather than fleeing. Asked for assistance in identifying the suspects, the public provided a deluge of photographs and home movie records to police, which were scrutinized by both authorities and online public social networks.

Based on assistance from the public, the authorities identified the suspects as two brothers, Tamerlan Tsarnaev (Russian: Тамерлан Царнаев [ta-mer-LAN tsar-NA-yeff]), 26 years old, born October 21, 1986 and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev (Russian: Джохар Царнаев [dzho-KHAR tsar-NA-yeff]), 19 years old, born July 22, 1993.

Manhunt and capture

After the photos were released, the suspects fatally shot Sean Collier of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Police Department multiple times in what has been characterized as an assassination. Collier, age 26, was seated in his police car near the Stata Center (Building 32), on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology campus, at 10:48 p.m. EDT April 18 (02:48 UTC April 19). Officer Collier was taken to Massachusetts General Hospital in nearby downtown Boston, where he was pronounced dead. The suspects then carjacked a silver Mercedes SUV in Cambridge, forcing the owner to use his ATM card to obtain $800 in cash. They released the man after the ATM cash limit was reached, but his cellphone remained in the vehicle, allowing the police to track it. The carjackers told the man that they were responsible for the Boston bombings and MIT officer killing.

Map of events related to the Boston Marathon bombing and subsequent manhunt.
1) April 15, 2:50pm – Bombing attacks at the finish line of the Marathon.
2) April 18, 10:30pm – MIT police officer Sean Collier shot and killed
3) April 18, 11:00pm – SUV hijacked by Tsarnaev brothers.
4) April 18, shortly thereafter – SUV driver released unharmed.
5) April 18, 11:18pm – Surveillance photos identify brothers at an ATM.
6) April 19, 1:00am – Gunfire opens up in Watertown area between police and suspects. Tamerlan Tsarnaev is critically injured in the incident and later reported dead. Dzhokhar Tsarnaev escapes.
7) April 19, 7:00pm – More gunfire breaks out in Watertown. Dzhokhar is found hiding in a stored boat and taken into custody.

Police located the stolen SUV in Watertown, Massachusetts. Police in Watertown reported that they exchanged gunfire with two suspects following the MIT shooting, with explosions and much gunfire heard. It was later determined that about 200 rounds were exchanged.--> The Boston Globe reported that the shooting suspects were the same men being sought in the Marathon bombings. A Watertown resident observed the suspects exchanging gunfire with police and throwing explosives at them. Tamerlan came within 5 to 10 feet of the nearest police officer while firing at the officers, before he ran out of ammunition and was subsequently tackled and captured by police officers. At that time the other, Dzhokhar, managed to escape in the SUV, forcing the police officers to dive away while Dzhokhar drove over his brother Tamerlan and dragged him a short distance down the street. He then abandoned the SUV and escaped on foot. During the firefight, 33-year-old MBTA Police Officer Richard H. Donahue Jr. was critically wounded. He was taken to Mount Auburn Hospital, where he was in critical but stable condition.

During the morning of April 19, after the car chase and exchange of fire with law enforcement, Tamerlan Tsarnaev was taken by police to Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, where he died from injuries which included multiple gunshot wounds, a possible blast injury from a suicide vest, and injuries sustained due to his brother driving the stolen vehicle over him.

The FBI released additional photos of the two during the Watertown incident. Early on April 19, Watertown residents received reverse 911 calls asking them to stay indoors.

Thousands of law enforcement personnel participated in a door-to-door manhunt in Watertown, as well as following up other leads, including at the house the brothers shared in Cambridge. The father of the suspected Boston Marathon bombers, speaking from his home in Makhachkala in Dagestan, encouraged his son to: "Give up. Give up. You have a bright future ahead of you. Come home to Russia." He continued, "If they killed him, then all hell would break loose.” NBC News reports seven IEDs were recovered in the searches so far: some in Watertown and some at the Tsarnaevs' house in Cambridge.

Post-capture celebrations in Boston's student-heavy Mission Hill neighborhood.

On the morning of April 19, Massachusetts Governor Deval Patrick asked residents of Watertown and adjacent cities and towns (Boston, Belmont, Brookline, Cambridge, Newton, and Waltham) to "shelter in place". The entire public transit network as well as most Boston taxi service was suspended, as was Amtrak service to and from Boston. Logan International Airport remained open. Universities, schools, many businesses, and other facilities were closed.

The manhunt ended on the evening of April 19, 2013, when authorities surrounded Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, who had taken refuge under a tarpaulin covering a Watertown resident's boat that was on a trailer in his backyard. He was discovered when the boat's owner stepped outside his home shortly after the shelter-in-place order had been lifted and noticed that the boat's cover was cut. When the owner looked into the boat, he saw a body lying in a pool of blood and promptly notified police. Tsarnaev's presence and movement was later verified through a forward looking infrared thermal imaging device in a State Police helicopter. He was taken into custody around 8:42 p.m. EDT after a standoff and transported to Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, where he was listed in serious condition.

Legal proceedings

President Obama meeting with members of his national security team, April 20, 2013

Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was not given Miranda warnings as federal law enforcement officials invoked the public safety exception. United States Senators Kelly Ayotte, Saxby Chambliss, Lindsey Graham, and John McCain, as well as Representative Peter T. King, suggested that Tsarnaev, a U.S. citizen, should be tried as an unlawful enemy combatant rather than as a criminal, potentially preventing him from obtaining counsel. Other sources, including Alan Dershowitz, an American lawyer, questioned the senators' suggestion.

A Justice Department official told CNN that Dzhokhar will face federal terrorism charges and possibly state murder charges. The official also stated that, although Massachusetts does not have a death penalty, prosecutors could seek the death penalty under federal law.

Miriam Conrad, head of the Federal Public Defender office in Boston said via email that "we have been informed that we will be appointed after charges are filed." Charles McGinty of the Public Defender Office said on April 20 that its attorneys have not spoken to Tsarnaev and will have to be appointed to represent him by a federal judge.

Suspects' backgrounds

Main article: Dzhokhar and Tamerlan Tsarnaev

Tamerlan was born in 1986 in Soviet Russia, although authorities in Kyrgyzstan say he was born there. Dzhokhar was born in 1993 in Kyrgyzstan, although his family claims he was born in Dagestan, Russia. The brothers spent time in Tomok, Kyrgyzstan. They are Muslim Chechens, though they never lived in Chechnya.

The Tsarnaev brothers and their family immigrated in 2002 to the United States, where they applied for refugee status and settled in Massachusetts, with Tamerlan living in Cambridge, Massachusetts, for the past ten years. They had previously lived in Tokmok, Kyrgyzstan, and Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia.

Tamerlan Tsarnaev attended Bunker Hill Community College but dropped out to become a boxer. His goal was a place on the U.S. Olympic boxing team saying that "unless his native Chechnya becomes independent" he would "rather compete for the United States than for Russia". He was married to a U.S. citizen, and has a 3-year-old daughter. He stated that he "didn't understand" Americans and had no American friends.

Tamerlan, in the last three years, became more devout and religious, with a growing Salafist and radical Islamist viewpoint. The FBI was informed by the Russian Federal Security Service in 2011 that he was a "follower of radical Islam." In response, the FBI interviewed Tamerlan and his family, and searched databases, but did not find any evidence of "terrorism activity, domestic or foreign."

At the time of the bombing, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was a student at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, with a major in marine biology. Dzhokhar became a naturalized U.S. citizen on September 11, 2012. Tamerlan's boxing coach, John Curran, reported to NBC that "the young brother was like a puppy dog following his older brother". On television, his uncle from Montgomery Village, Maryland, pleaded with Dzhokhar to turn himself in.

Suspects' family

A reporter for ABC News conducted an interview with a sister of the suspects, at 8 a.m. EDT on April 20 at her apartment in West New York, New Jersey. Alerted to her location by the broadcast, the FBI, West New York Police Department, and Hudson County Sheriff’s Department subsequently seized computer equipment from her apartment.

The mother of the suspected bombers said that Tamerlan had been a subject of FBI interest for several years – "The FBI used to come and talk to me [about Tamerlan]. They were controlling every step of him, and they are telling today that this is a terrorist act."

Other arrests and detentions

On April 15, several people who were near the scene of the blast and the surrounding area were taken into custody and questioned about the bombings, including a Saudi man who police stopped as he was walking away from the explosion, and detained when some of his responses to questions "made them uncomfortable". Law enforcement searched his residence in a Boston suburb, but CNN later reported that he was found to have no connection to the attack, with an unnamed U.S. official saying "he was just at the wrong place at the wrong time."

On the night of April 18/19, several other people were reported to have been arrested but were soon released. These were three men riding in a taxi, and another man who was forced to strip naked. Three others were taken into custody in New Bedford at the housing complex where Dzhokhar Tsarnaev lived, but were soon released.

Reactions

Law enforcement, local and national politicians, and various heads of state reacted quickly to the bombings, generally condemning the act and expressing sympathies for the victims.

Local

As a safety precaution, the NHL postponed a Boston Bruins home game against the Ottawa Senators at TD Garden scheduled for April 15, to April 28 instead. The Boston Symphony Orchestra canceled its April 15 performance. On April 16, the MBTA public transit system, which was partly shut down, was under heavy National Guard and police presence and it was shut down a second time April 19 during the manhunt. The NBA's Boston Celtics game scheduled for April 16 against the Indiana Pacers was canceled since both teams' playoff seedings were already set. The Boston Red Sox game at Fenway, the Bruins game, and the Big Apple Circus performance scheduled for April 19, were postponed to support efforts of law enforcement officers. Boston University established a scholarship in honor of deceased student Lü Lingzi.

National

President Barack Obama delivering a statement on April 15, 2013, in the aftermath of the bombings

President Barack Obama addressed the nation after the attack. He said that, while the perpetrator(s) were still unknown, the government would "get to the bottom of this" and that those responsible "will feel the full weight of justice". The President again addressed the American people the next day. He later described the bombing as terrorism, declaring, "Any time bombs are used to target innocent civilians, it is an act of terror." President Obama issued a proclamation ordering flags to half-staff until April 20 on all federal buildings as "a mark of respect for the victims of the senseless acts of violence perpetrated on April 15, 2013, in Boston, Massachusetts."

President Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama traveled to Boston on April 18 to attend and address an interfaith service at the Cathedral of the Holy Cross to honor the victims of the attacks.

A moment of silence was observed at the openings of the New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ, and NYMEX on the day after the bombings. Moments of silence were also held at various events across the country, including the Boston Remembrance Run held in Portland, Oregon, on April 17, which drew over 1,000 runners in a silent show of support.

The Oklahoma City Memorial Marathon organizers asked runners, volunteers, and spectators to wear red socks in commemoration to the tragedy in Boston. Andrea Miles, an organizer for the Oklahoma City marathon said, “As Oklahomans and folks participating in the OKC Memorial Marathon, we have such a deep connection to not only the marathon but the events from the Murrah bombing that have lead to this memorial,” Miles said. “So now we’re not just running to remember the 168 people who were lost in 1995 but also to honor Boston and stand in solidarity with them.”

International

The bombings were denounced and condolences were offered by many international leaders as well as leading figures from international sport.

In China, users posted condolence messages on Weibo in response to the death of Lü Lingzi. Chris Buckley of The New York Times said "Ms. Lu’s death gave a melancholy face to the attraction that America and its colleges exert over many young Chinese." Laurie Burkitt of the Wall Street Journal said "Ms. Lu's death resonates with many in China" due to the One Child Policy that restricts most families to having one child.

Organizers of the London Marathon on April 21, 2013, reviewed security arrangements for their event, despite there not being any specific threats against it. Security measures were increased worldwide in the wake of the explosions in Boston. Runners in London observed a 30-second silence in respect for the victims of Boston shortly before the race began.

The Russian government, which is holding several international sports events in the near future, including the 2014 Winter Olympics, stated that special attention will be paid to security at those events. Vladimir Putin condemned the "barbaric crime" and "stressed that the Russian Federation will be ready, if necessary, to assist in the US authorities’ investigation."

When news broke that the suspects in the Boston Marathon bombings were ethnic Chechens, Ramzan Kadyrov, the head of the Chechen Republic wrote the following on Instagram: "Today, as the media report, a certain Tsarnaev was killed during a detention attempt. It would be logical if he was detained and an investigation was conducted, all the circumstances and degree of his guilt explained. Apparently, the [US] special forces needed a result at any price to calm society. Any attempt to make a link between Chechnya and the Tsarnaevs, if they are guilty, is in vain. They grew up in the US, their views and beliefs were formed there. The roots of evil must be searched for in America. The whole world must battle with terrorism."

Akhmed Zakayev, the head of the secular wing of the Chechen rebel movement (which split from the Caucasus Emirate in 2007), now in exile in London, condemned the bombings as terrorist and expressed condolences to the families of the victims, while speculating that the attack benefited those who oppose Chechen independence. Zakayev denied that the bombers were in any way representative of the Chechen people, saying that "the Chechen people never had and can not have any hostile feelings toward the United States and its citizens."

The Caucasus Emirate, linked to Al-Qaeda by the UN Security Council, denied any link to the bombing or the Tsarnaev brothers and stated that it was at war with Russia, not the United States. It also said that it had sworn off violence against civilians since 2012.

Reporting mistakes

At 1:48 p.m. EDT, Wednesday, April 17, John King announced on CNN that an arrest had been made. Fran Townsend also reported the same. CNN's report was followed by similar reports by the Associated Press about 2:05 p.m with addition that the suspect was expected in federal court. CNN's report also described the arrestee as being "dark skinned". At 2:11 p.m. NBC's Peter Williams replied that no arrest had been made as did CBS. About 2:30 p.m., CNN backed off on its report with Townsend saying “The situation is very fluid… There was a misunderstanding. That was said to me, not so much that we had misunderstood, but that there has been a misunderstanding and lots of cross communication.” Fox News and The Christian Science Monitor website made the same mistake.

The New York Post in its April 18 front page showed two men carrying bags (a man in blue athletic gear with a blue shoulder bag and a man in a black jacket with a black backpack). The headline proclaimed "Bag Men" and then in smaller print "Feds seek these two pictured at Boston Marathon." The two were not the ones being sought. They were a 17-year-old boy, and his track coach (the latter of whom was wearing a white cap). The boy, from Revere, Massachusetts, turned himself over to the police immediately and was cleared after a 20-minute interview in which they advised him to deactivate his Facebook account. The New York Post editor Col Allan stated, "We stand by our story. The image was emailed to law enforcement agencies yesterday afternoon seeking information about these men, as our story reported. We did not identify them as suspects." The two were also implied to be possible suspects via crowdsourcing on the website Reddit. Several other people were also mistakenly identified as suspects. Among those wrongly accused on Reddit were a 17-year-old athletics star and a student missing since March.

Because of a report by the police, sources throughout the Internet reported that the Tsarnaev brothers had robbed a 7-Eleven store in Cambridge. State Police later established that someone other than the bombing suspects robbed the convenience store in Cambridge. A statement from State Police spokesperson Dave Procopio says "the bombers did purchase gas at a gas station in Cambridge later in the chain of events and we recovered images of them there." The commissioner also later said that the "robbery" was in fact a carjacking by the bombing suspects. The 7-Eleven director of corporate communications was "calling journalists all day to ask them to make a correction".

See also

• Domestic terrorism in the United States

External links

• "Statement" (Document). Boston Athletic Association. April 15, 2013. {{cite document}}: Unknown parameter |archivedate= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |archiveurl= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |url= ignored (help)
• "Statement" (Document). Boston Athletic Association. April 19, 2013. {{cite document}}: Unknown parameter |archivedate= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |archiveurl= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |url= ignored (help)
• "Boston Bombs". United Kingdom: BBC.
• "Boston Marathon Explosion". Reuters.
• "Boston Marathon Bombings" (Document). CNN. April 15, 2013. {{cite document}}: Unknown parameter |url= ignored (help)
• "Guardian coverage of Boston Marathon explosions". UK. April 19, 2013.
• "The Lede". The New York Times. April 15, 2013. {{cite news}}: |contribution= ignored (help)
• "Bombings at the Boston Marathon". Boston Globe.
• "Boston Marathon Bombing News Coverage" (Document). CBS News. {{cite document}}: Unknown parameter |url= ignored (help)
• "Boston public safety response audio to marathon terrorist attack". Radio Reference. April 15, 2013.
• "From the Boston Marathon Bombing". Slate (photos). 2013. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
• "Photos of the Boston Marathon Bombing". The Atlantic. 2013. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
• "Video shows moment of deadly explosion at finish line of Boston Marathon". TV. Reuters. April 15, 2013.
• "Two blasts hit Boston Marathon finish line, at least 3 killed, more than 100 wounded". TV. Reuters. April 15, 2013.
• "Boston attack: probing the devices and destruction". TV. Reuters. April 15, 2013.
• "Boston marathon: the moment of the explosions". The Guardian. United Kingdom. April 16, 2013.