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updated "Telecommunication networks" with 2015 figures, rest of the article still needs update
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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{update|date=December 2013}}
{{update|date=December 2013}}
Myanmar has begun the liberalization of its telecoms market in 2013.<ref name=myanmar_opens_ict_market>{{cite news|last1=Thomas|first1=Daniel|last2=Robinson|first2=Gwen|title=Myanmar opens up new telecoms frontier|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/118ef1a8-9d17-11e2-88e9-00144feabdc0.html#axzz48LI4Q5hf|accessdate=11 May 2016|work=Financial Times|date=4 April 2013}}</ref>
All communications in [[Myanmar]] (also known as Burma) are controlled by the [[government]].{{citation needed|date=July 2014}}


==Telecommunication networks==
==Telecommunication networks==
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[[File:Street telephone post in Myanmar.jpg|thumb|Private street telephone post in Myanmar]]
[[File:Street telephone post in Myanmar.jpg|thumb|Private street telephone post in Myanmar]]


Previously, Myanmar Post and Telecommunication had a monopoly in the country. In 2013, the government started taking steps to open up the telecommunications market, issuing licenses to new service providers. In 2014, Qatar-based Ooredoo and Norwegian Telenor Group entered the market, resulting in the reduction of consumer prices and a rapid growth in the number of subscribers, as well as the expansion of the country's infrastructure.<ref>http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/opinion/16415-advancing-myanmar-s-telecom-infrastructure.html</ref> In November 2015, Ericsson named Myanmar the world's fourth fastest-growing mobile market.<ref>http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/business/technology/17727-myanmar-named-fourth-fastest-growing-mobile-market-in-the-world-by-ericsson.html</ref> As of June 2015, Myanmar has a mobile phone penetration rate of 54.6%, up from less than 10% in 2012.<ref>
Installation of telephones and the cost of calling are prohibitively expensive for most people. To call overseas for two minutes would cost more than most earn in a month.{{citation needed|date=July 2014}}
⚫
{{cite news

|last1=Thant
Telephones – main lines in use are 503,900 (2005).
|first1=Htoo

|title=Mobile penetration reaches half the country
Telephones – mobile cellular: 5,400,000 (2012) <ref name=ref2013040505>
|url=http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/business/technology/14815-mobile-penetration-reaches-half-the-country.html
⚫
{{Cite news
⚫
|accessdate=11 May 2016
| title = Vodafone, China Mobile eye Myanmar
|work=Myanmar Times|date=2 June 2015
| publisher = Investvine.com
|ref=myanmar_mobile_penetration_2015}}</ref>
| date = 5 April 2013
| url= http://investvine.com/vodafone-china-mobile-eye-myanmar/
⚫
| accessdate =5 April 2013}}
</ref>


===Telephone system===
===Telephone system===
* general assessment: meets minimum requirements for local and intercity service for business and government
General assessment: meets minimum requirements for local and intercity service for business and government
* ''domestic: system barely capable of providing basic service; cellular phone system is grossly underdeveloped with a subscribership base of less than 1 per 100 persons
Domestic: system barely capable of providing basic service; cellular phone system is grossly underdeveloped with a subscribership base of less than 1 per 100 persons{{Update inline|date=May 2016}}
⚫
International: country code - 95; landing point for the [[SEA-ME-WE 3]] optical telecommunications submarine cable that provides links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; [[satellite]] earth stations - 2, [[Intelsat]] ([[Indian Ocean]]) and [[Thaicom|ShinSat]] (2007)
<br>''international:''
⚫
country code - 95; landing point for the [[SEA-ME-WE 3]] optical telecommunications submarine cable that provides links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; [[satellite]] earth stations - 2, [[Intelsat]] ([[Indian Ocean]]) and [[Thaicom|ShinSat]] (2007)


Bids have been offered for two fresh telecom licenses by the Myanmar government. The deadline was set to be 8 February 2013. The licenses were expected to be issued in June and carry a contract duration of up to 20 years. Two more licenses were expected to be offered following this round of bidding.<ref name=burmatelbid>
Bids have been offered for two fresh telecom licenses by the Myanmar government. The deadline was set to be 8 February 2013. The licenses were expected to be issued in June and carry a contract duration of up to 20 years. Two more licenses were expected to be offered following this round of bidding.<ref name=burmatelbid>

Revision as of 11:28, 11 May 2016

Myanmar has begun the liberalization of its telecoms market in 2013.[1]

Telecommunication networks

See also: Telephone numbers in Burma
Private street telephone post in Myanmar

Previously, Myanmar Post and Telecommunication had a monopoly in the country. In 2013, the government started taking steps to open up the telecommunications market, issuing licenses to new service providers. In 2014, Qatar-based Ooredoo and Norwegian Telenor Group entered the market, resulting in the reduction of consumer prices and a rapid growth in the number of subscribers, as well as the expansion of the country's infrastructure.[2] In November 2015, Ericsson named Myanmar the world's fourth fastest-growing mobile market.[3] As of June 2015, Myanmar has a mobile phone penetration rate of 54.6%, up from less than 10% in 2012.[4]

Telephone system

General assessment: meets minimum requirements for local and intercity service for business and government Domestic: system barely capable of providing basic service; cellular phone system is grossly underdeveloped with a subscribership base of less than 1 per 100 persons[needs update] International: country code - 95; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE 3 optical telecommunications submarine cable that provides links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 2, Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and ShinSat (2007)

Bids have been offered for two fresh telecom licenses by the Myanmar government. The deadline was set to be 8 February 2013. The licenses were expected to be issued in June and carry a contract duration of up to 20 years. Two more licenses were expected to be offered following this round of bidding.[5]

According to government statistics, 5.4 million of Myanmar’s 60 million population had a mobile phone subscription at the end of 2012, giving the country a mobile penetration of 9 per cent.[6]

According to official figures released in mid-2012, Myanmar had 857 base transceiver stations (BTS) for 1,654,667 local GSM mobile users, 188 BTSs for 225,617 local WCDMA mobile users, 366 BTSs for 633,569 local CDMA-450 mobile users, and 193 BTSs for 341,687 CDMA-800 mobile users. Huawei who has built 40 percent of the towers and ZTE has built 60 percent in Myanmar, which amounts to 1500 across the country, said it has built the towers mostly in Yangon, Mandalay and Naypyidaw.[7]

The Myanmar Telecommunications Operator Tender Evaluation and Selection Committee selected Norwegian Telenor Group and Ooredoo of Qatar as winners of the bidding, for the two telecom licences issued by the government of Myanmar.[7] The licenses allow the operators to build and operate a nationwide wireless network for 15 years. Ooredoo began selling low-price SIM cards at a price of US$1.5 in Yangon, Mandalay and Naypyidaw in August 2014. Prior to 2012, during military rule, SIM cards cost USD 1,500.[8]

Media

Further information: Media of Burma

Radio broadcast stations AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 3 (2015)

Television broadcast stations: 6 (2015)

Press

  1. Kyehmon (Burmese: ကြေးမုံ) - state-run daily
  2. The New Light of Myanmar (Template:Lang-my) - English and Burmese language organ of SPDC
  3. The Myanmar Times (Template:Lang-my) - private-run English-language weekly
  4. Myanmar Business Today - the country's first and the only private-run business weekly

Television

  1. MRTV state-run, operated by Myanmar Government - Broadcasts With DVB-T2 System. Including 14 TV Channels Burmese, Arakanese, Shan, Karen, Kachin, Kayah, Chin, Mon and English
  2. MITV - Showing about Myanmar to around the World.
  3. Myawady TV army-run network

Broadcasts 7 Free Digital Channel available in Naypyidaw, Yangon & Mandalay.

  1. SKYNET Largest Pay TV Service In Myanmar. Providing 110 TV Channels (Local & International) Including 10 High Definition Channel. Broadcasts With DTH system on Apstar 7 Satellite. SKYNET Have Official Broadcaster To England Premier League, Spain LaLiga, Italy Serie-A, France League 1 In 2015/16 Season.
  2. 4TV - Second Largest Pay TV Service In Myanmar. operated by Forever Group.

Providing Free to air Channels, Local & International Pay TV Channels, and High Definition Channels. 4TV Has Only Broadcasts 2 Way With DTH and DVB-T2 In Myanmar.

  1. Democratic Voice of Burma - Activists from the 88 Generation launched it. Based in Norway, it makes both TV and Radio broadcasts

Radio

  1. Radio Myanmar - state-run, operated by Myanmar TV and Radio Department
  2. Thazin Radio - Military operated station
  3. City FM - entertainment-based, operated by Yangon City Development Committee
  4. Bagan FM
  5. Cherry FM - Commercial station broadcasting music based programs to main cities
  6. Mandalay FM
  7. Padamyar FM
  8. Pyinsawaddy FM
  9. Shwe FM
  10. Democratic Voice of Burma - opposition station based in Norway, broadcasts via shortwave

News agency

  1. Myanmar News Agency (MNA) - state-run

Internet

Main article: Internet in Burma

The government now allows unrestricted access to the Internet. Many people are using the internet freely, often with widely available smart phones.

Myanmar Teleport[9] (formerly Bagan Cybertech), Information Technology Central Services (ITCS),[10] and the state-owned Myanmar Post and Telecommunication (MPT)[11] are two of the Internet service providers in Myanmar.[12][13] Internet cafés are common in the larger cities of the country. Satellite (VSAT)internet connection is also available from Skynet, a satellite television provider. [1]

According to MPT's official statistics as of July 2010, the country had over 400,000 Internet users (0.8% of the population) with the vast majority of the users located in the two largest cities, Yangon and Mandalay.[14] More recent figures are hard to find, but the widespread use of smart phones and tablets with cellular modems on the 3G and 4G networks means that internet usage is likely to be far higher than the figures from 2010 indicate.

See also

References

  1. ^ Thomas, Daniel; Robinson, Gwen (4 April 2013). "Myanmar opens up new telecoms frontier". Financial Times. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
  2. ^ http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/opinion/16415-advancing-myanmar-s-telecom-infrastructure.html
  3. ^ http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/business/technology/17727-myanmar-named-fourth-fastest-growing-mobile-market-in-the-world-by-ericsson.html
  4. ^ Thant, Htoo (2 June 2015). "Mobile penetration reaches half the country". Myanmar Times. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
  5. ^ "Myanmar telecom bidding war heats up". Investvine.com. 31 January 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2013.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference ref2013040505 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ a b "Myanmar's two telecom licences goes to Telenor and Ooredoo", Yozzo Telecom News, 27 June 2013
  8. ^ "Myanmar's Mobile Revolution Kicks On". TNW News. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  9. ^ "Company at a glance", Yatanarpon Teleport Co., Ltd.
  10. ^ "New consortium to shake up IT sector", Ye Kaung Myint Maung, Myanmar Times, vol.19, no.370 (11–17 June 2007)
  11. ^ "Internet Services Tariff", Information Technology department, Ministry of Communications, Posts and Telegraphs. Retrieved 10 June 2011
  12. ^ "Myanmar Internet Provider", Guide for Myanmar 2007
  13. ^ "Internet service hampered as Myanmar Teleport server breaks down", Mizzima News Agency, 10 February 2009
  14. ^ Wai-Yan Phyo Oo and Saw Pyayzon (30 July 2010). "State of Internet Usage in Myanmar". Bi-Weekly Eleven (in Burmese). 3 (18). Yangon: 1–2.
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