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|[[Saul (Jean-Paul) Hoüben|Hoüben, Saul (Jean-Paul)]]
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The people on this list are or were survivors of Nazi Germany 's attempt to exterminate the Jews in Europe before and during WWII ; it is most widely accepted that a state-enforced persecution of Jews in Nazi-controlled Europe lasted from the introduction of the Nuremberg Laws in 1933 to Hitler 's defeat in 1945. Although there were many victims of the Holocaust , the International Commission on Holocaust Era Insurance Claims (ICHEIC) defines a Holocaust survivor as, "Any Jew who lived for any period of time in a country that was ruled by the Nazis or their allies."[ 1]
The United States Holocaust Museum (USHMM) gives a broader definition "The Museum honors as a survivor any person who was displaced, persecuted, and/or discriminated against by the racial, religious, ethnic, social, and/or political policies of the Nazis and their allies between 1933 and 1945. In addition to former inmates of concentration camps and ghettos, this also includes refugees and people in hiding."[ 2] Most notably, as well as Jews, this includes romani people (gypsies), those who were persecuted for political reasons such as Communists , those who were persecuted for religious reasons (such as Pastor Niemoller ), and homosexuals (gays) and those of other sexual persuasions. It includes those who were actually in hiding in Nazi-occupied countries. The latter includes Hidden Children , who were hidden to escape the Nazis.
Most especially, in contrast to the ICHEIC definition, it includes refugees , who fled from their homeland to escape the Nazis, and never lived in a Nazi-controlled country.
The ICHEIC definition was created for the purpose of resolving some insurance claims. Over time, the classes of insurance claims have greatly expanded.
This list does not include refugees , since it is created on the basis of the restricted ICHEIC definition. There were many many eminent refugees (too many to mention). Refugees include the unaccompanied children of the kindertransport , which includes Physics Nobel Laureate Arno Allan Penzias . Refugees also include the unaccompanied One Thousand Children , which includes Physics Nobel Laureate Jack Steinberger . (Somewhat inconsistently the refugee kindertransport Nobel Laureate Walter Kohn , a Nobel Laureate in chemistry, is listed below.)
Actors, actresses, and directors
Living
Deceased
Name
Sex
Birth
Death (age)
Country
Pravda, Hana Maria
F
29 January 1916
22 May 2008 (92)
Czechoslovakia
Arts, painters, photographers
Deceased
Name
Sex
Birth
Death (age)
Country of Origin
Babbitt, Dina
F
21 January 1923
29 July 2009 (86)
Czechoslovakia
Bullaty, Sonja
F
17 October 1923
5 October 2000 (76)
Czechoslovakia
Komski, Jan
M
3 February 1915
20 July 2002 (87)
Poland
Lieblich, Irene
F
20 April 1923
28 December 2008 (86)
Poland
Mušič, Zoran
M
12 February 1909
25 May 2005 (96)
Slovenia, Yugoslavia
Olère, David
M
19 January 1902
21 August 1985 (83)
Poland
Szapocznikow, Alina
F
16 May 1925
2 March 1973 (46)
Poland
Tarkay, Itzchak
M
1935
3 June 2012 (77)
Serbia, Yugoslavia
Humanities
Living
Deceased
Literature, memoirs and publishing
Living
Name
Sex
Birth (age)
Country
Appleman-Jurman, Alicia
F
9 May 1930 ( 94)
Poland
Auerbacher, Inge
F
31 December 1934 ( 89)
Germany
Barasch, Werner[ 3]
M
27 May 1919 ( 105)
Germany
Begley, Louis
M
6 October 1933 ( 90)
Ukraine, USSR
Brady, George
M
9 February 1928 ( 96)
Czechoslovakia
Gray, Martin
M
27 April 1922 ( 102)
Poland
Hersh, Arek
M
1928 ( 96)
Poland
Heller, Fanya
F
14 October 1924 ( 99)
Ukraine
Herzberger, Magda
F
1926 ( 98)
Romania
Hollander, Eugene
M
1914 ( 110)
Hungary
Jeruchim, Simon[ 4]
M
25 December 1929 ( 95)
France
Kiek Cohen, Sonja[ 5]
F
21 November 1922 ( 101)
Netherlands
Klein, Gerda
F
8 May 1924 ( 100)
Poland
Klíma, Ivan
M
14 September 1931 ( 92)
Czechoslovakia
Levitin, Sonia
F
18 August 1934 ( 90)
Germany
Lobel, Anita
F
2 June 1934 ( 90)
Poland
Orenstein, Henry
M
1923 (92 or 93)
Poland
Pahor, Boris
M
26 August 1913 ( 111)[ 6]
Italy
Schloss, Eva [ 7]
F
11 May 1929 ( 95)
Austria
Stenbock, Fanie[ 8] [ 9]
F
1919 ( 105)
Poland
Wiesel, Elie
M
30 September 1928 ( 95)
Romania
Zisblatt, Irene
F
28 December 1929 ( 94)
Hungary
Deceased
Name
Sex
Birth
Death (age)
Country
Abraham, Ben
M
11 December 1924
9 October 2015 (90)
Poland
Adler, H. G.
M
2 July 1910
21 August 1988 (78)
Czechoslovakia
Albreht, Fran
M
17 November 1889
2 November 1963 (73)
Czechoslovakia
Albreht, Vera
F
11 February 1895
25 May 1971 (76)
Czechoslovakia
Baumann-Parkhurst, Marion [ 10]
F
21 August 1912
6 April 2009 (96)
Germany
Blumenthal-Weiss, Ilse [ 11]
F
14 October 1899
10 August 1987 (87)
Germany
Bretholz, Leo [ 12]
M
6 March 1921
8 March 2014 (93)
Austria
Beck, Gad
M
30 June 1923
24 June 2012 (88)
Germany
Chillag, John
F
20 April 1927
21 March 2009 (81)
Austria
Collis, Zoltan Zinn
M
1940
10 December 2012 (72)
Czechoslovakia
Boom, Cornelia "Corrie" ten
F
15 April 1892
15 April 1983 (91)
Netherlands
Borowski, Tadeusz
M
12 November 1922
1 July 1951 (28)
Ukraine, USSR
Celan, Paul
M
23 November 1920
20 April 1970 (49)
Romania
Clare, George
M
21 December 1920
26 March 2009 (88)
Britain
De-Nur, Yehiel
M
16 May 1909
17 July 2001 (92)
Poland
Delbo, Charlotte
F
10 August 1913
1 March 1985 (71)
France
Faber, David
M
25 August 1928
28 July 2015 (86)[ 13]
Poland
Feldhendler, Leon
M
1910
6 April 1945 (34-35)
Poland
Fénelon, Fania
F
2 September 1908
19 December 1983 (75)
France
Frank, Otto
M
12 May 1889
19 August 1980 (91)
Germany
Frankl, Victor
M
26 March 1905
2 August 1997 (92)
Austria
Friedberg, Bernard
M
19 December 1876
27 January 1961 (84)
Austria
Frister, Roman
M
17 January 1928
9 February 2015 (87)
Poland
Glazar, Richard
M
29 November 1920
20 December 1997 (77)
Czechoslovakia
Goldman, Yosef
M
1942
4 August 2015 (73)[ 14]
Hungary
Hutyra, Stanisław [ 15]
M
1922
6 February 2000 (87)
Poland
Kertész, Imre
M
9 November 1929
31 March 2016 (86)
Hungary
Klemperer, Victor
M
9 October 1889
11 February 1960 (70)
Germany
Komski, Jan
M
3 February 1915
20 July 2002 (87)
Poland
Korn, Abram [ 16]
M
1923
1972 (49)
Poland
Kosinski, Jerzy
M
14 June 1933
3 May 1991 (57)
Poland
Kralj, Vladimir
M
16 August 1901
29 March 1969 (67)
Slovenia, Yugoslavia
Lengyel, Olga
F
19 October 1908
15 April 2001 (92)
Romania
Levi, Primo
M
31 July 1919
11 April 1987 (67)
Italy
Lewis (Lezerkiewicz), Victor [ 17]
M
25 August 1919
5 October 2009 (90)
Poland
Lustig, Arnošt
M
21 December 1926
26 February 2011 (84)
Czechoslovakia
Maxwell, Robert
M
10 June 1923
5 November 1991 (68)
Czechoslovakia
Müller, Filip
M
3 January 1922
9 November 2013 (91)
Czechoslovakia
Øverland, Ole
M
27 April 1889
25 March 1968 (78)
Norway
Pagis, Dan
M
16 October 1930
29 July 1986 (55)
Romania
Prežihov, Voranc
M
10 August 1893
18 February 1950 (56)
Slovenia, Yugoslavia
Reich-Ranicki, Marcel [ 18]
M
2 June 1920
18 September 2013 (93)
Germany
Semprún, Jorge
M
10 December 1923
7 June 2011 (87)
Spain
Sobolewicz, Tadeusz
M
25 March 1925
28 October 2015 (90)[ 19]
Poland
Spiegelman, Vladek
M
11 October 1906
18 August 1982 (75)
Poland
Staner, Mieczysław
M
1924
29 August 2003 (79)
Poland
Torkar, Igor
M
13 October 1913
1 January 2004 (90)
Czechoslovakia
Winter, Miriam
F
2 June 1933
19 July 2014 (81)
Poland
Mathematics and natural sciences
Living
Deceased
Name
Sex
Birth
Death (age)
Country
Kohn, Walter
M
9 March 1923
19 April 2016 (93)[ 21]
Austria
Charpak, Georges
M
1 August 1924
29 September 2010 (86)
France
Goldschmidt, Victor
M
27 January 1888
20 March 1947 (59)
Switzerland
Librescu, Liviu
M
18 August 1930
16 April 2007 (76)
Romania
Mandel, Ernest
M
5 April 1923
20 July 1995 (72)
Germany
Morgentaler, Henry
M
19 March 1923
29 May 2013 (90)
Poland
Nussbaum, A. Edward
M
1925
31 October 2009 (84)
Germany
Philippson, Alfred
M
1 January 1864
30 January 1953 (89)
Germany
Shahak, Israel
M
28 April 1933
2 July 2001 (68)
Poland
Ślebodziński, Władysław
M
6 February 1884
3 January 1972 (87)
Poland
Tanay, Emanuel
M
1928
5 August 2014 (86)
Poland
Trachtenberg, Jakow
M
17 June 1888
1953 (65)
Russia, USSR
Touschek, Bruno
M
3 February 1921
25 May 1978 (57)
Austria
Turán, Pál
M
18 August 1910
26 September 1976 (66)
Hungary
Grothendieck, Alexander
M
28 March 1928
13 November 2014 (86)
Germany
Frank, Otto
M
12 May 1889
19 August 1980 (91)
Germany
Military
Deceased
Simon Wiesenthal
Name
Sex
Birth
Death (age)
Country
Egge, Bjørn
M
19 August 1918
25 July 2007 (88)
Norway
Friedman, Tuviah
M
23 January 1922
13 January 2011 (88)
Poland
Kowalski, Józef [ 22]
M
2 February 1900
7 December 2013 (113)
Poland
Pechersky, Alexander
M
22 February 1909
19 January 1990 (80)
Ukraine, USSR
Pilecki, Witold
M
13 May 1901
25 May 1948 (47)
Poland
Rubin, Tibor
M
18 June 1929
5 December 2015 (86)
Hungary
Rodrigues, Henry[ 23]
M
1930
15 July 2007 (77)
Netherlands
Shaltiel, David
M
16 January 1903
1969 (66)
Germany
Wiesenthal, Simon
M
31 December 1908
30 September 2005 (96)
Austria
Willner, Eddie
M
15 August 1926
30 March 2008 (81)
Germany
Music
Living
Deceased
Name
Sex
Birth
Death (age)
Country
Ančerl, Karel
M
11 April 1908
3 July 1973 (65)
Czechoslovakia
Arnič, Blaž
M
31 January 1901
1 February 1970 (69)
Czechoslovakia
Fénelon, Fania
F
2 September 1908
19 December 1983 (75)
France
Filar, Marian
M
17 December 1917
10 July 2012 (94)
Poland
Graham, Bill
M
8 January 1931
25 October 1991 (60)
Germany
Karp, Natalia
F
27 February 1911
9 July 2007 (96)
Poland
Messiaen, Olivier
M
10 December 1908
27 April 1992 (83)
France
Reiner, Karel
M
27 June 1910
17 October 1979 (69)
Czechoslovakia
Roman, Martin
M
23 April 1910
12 May 1996 (86)
Germany
Schreyer, Alfred
M
8 May 1922
25 April 2015 (94)
Ukraine
Szpilman, Władysław
M
5 December 1911
6 July 2000 (88)
Poland
Herz-Sommer, Alice
F
26 November 1903
23 February 2014 (110)
Czechoslovakia
Hoüben, Saul (Paul)
M
15 May 1922
22 January 1982 (61)
Belgium
Politics, resistance
Living
Name
Sex
Birth (age)
Country
Veil, Simone
F
13 July 1927 ( 97)
France
Deceased
Name
Sex
Birth
Death (age)
Country
Bartoszewski, Władysław
M
19 February 1922
24 April 2015 (93)
Poland
Blum, André
M
9 April 1872
3 March 1950 (77)
France
Bratteli, Trygve
M
11 January 1910
20 November 1984 (74)
Norway
Cyrankiewicz, Józef
M
23 April 1911
20 January 1989 (77)
Poland
Draxler, Ludwig
M
1896
1972 (76)
Austria
Epstein, Hedy
F
15 August 1924
26 May 2016 (91)
Germany, U.S.
Geremek, Bronisław
M
6 March 1932
13 July 2008 (76)
Poland
Gerhardsen, Einar
M
10 May 1897
19 September 1987 (90)
Norway
Goldman, Alter Mojze
M
17 November 1909
1 January 1988 (78)
Poland, France
Heilman, Anna
F
1 December 1928
1 May 2011 (82)
Poland
Kossak-Szczucka, Zofia
F
10 August 1889
9 April 1968 (78)
Poland
Lantos, Tom
M
1 February 1928
11 February 2008 (80)
Hungary
Nansen, Odd
M
6 December 1901
27 June 1973 (71)
Norway
Nielsen, Martin
M
12 December 1900
1962 (62)
Denmark
Rogerie, André
M
25 December 1921
1 May 2014 (92)
France
Schumacher, Kurt
M
13 October 1895
20 August 1952 (56)
Germany
Šik, Ota
M
11 September 1919
22 August 2004 (84)
Czechoslovakia
Srebnik, Simon
M
10 April 1930
16 August 2006 (76)
Poland
Vrba, Rudolf
M
9 November 1924
27 March 2006 (82)
Czechoslovakia
Wetzler, Alfréd
M
10 May 1918
8 February 1988 (69)
Czechoslovakia
Speakers and researchers of the Holocaust
Living
Name
Sex
Birth
Country
Prochnik, Leon [ 24]
M
31 May 1933 ( 91)
Poland
Ban, Noémi
F
29 September 1922 ( 101)
Hungary
Berger, Gusta [ 25]
F
23 January 1923 ( 101)
Poland
Berger, Soloman [ 26]
M
28 October 1919 ( 104)
Poland
Bialowitz, Philip[ 27]
M
1929 ( 95)
Poland
Biterman, Tauba
F
6 December 1918 ( 105)
Poland
Evers-Emden, Bloeme
F
26 July 1926 ( 98)
Netherlands
Fayerman, Severin[ 28]
M
18 March 1922 ( 102)
Poland
Fischl, Peter [ 29] [ 30]
M
19 July 1930 ( 94)
Hungary
Foxman, Abraham
M
1 May 1940 ( 84)
Belarus, USSR
Gotz, Elly[ 31]
M
1928 ( 96)
Lithuania
Hart-Moxon, Kitty
F
1 December 1926 ( 97)
Poland
Klein, Gerda
F
8 May 1924 ( 100)
Poland
Kiek Cohen, Sonj[ 32]
F
21 November 1922 ( 101)
Netherlands
Klarsfeld, Serge
M
17 September 1935 ( 88)
Romania
Kramer, Clara[ 33]
F
1927 ( 97)
Poland
Mandelbaum, Jack
M
1927 ( 97)
Poland
Olsson, Eva[ 34]
F
28 October 1924 ( 99)
Hungary
Perel, Solomon
M
21 April 1925 ( 99)
Germany
Pollack, Susan[ 35]
F
9 September 1930 ( 94)
Hungary
Riteman, Philip
M
1927 ( 97)
Poland
Taler, Bronisława (née Frankiel)[ 36]
F
14 May 1924 ( 100)
Poland
Taler, Joseph[ 36]
M
10 January 1923 ( 101)
Poland
Wiesel, Elie
M
30 September 1928 ( 95)
Romania
Deceased
Name
Sex
Birth
Death (age)
Country
Argiewicz, Paul [ 37] [ 38]
M
6 August 1925
11 December 2013 (84)
Bielsko, Poland
Frankenthal, Hans
M
15 July 1926
22 December 1999 (73)
Germany
Goltz, Albert [ 39]
M
15 February 1928
4 May 2012 (84)
Poland (today Belarus)
Gelissen, Rena
F
24 August 1920
8 April 2006 (85)
Poland
Gorath, Karl
M
12 December 1912
18 March 2002 (90)
Germany
Greenman, Leon
M
18 September 1910
7 March 2008 (97)
UK, Netherlands
Herskovic, William
M
June 1914
3 March 2006 (93)
Hungary
Kanitz, Miklos
M
1939
2006 (67)
Hungary
Mandelbaum, Henryk
M
15 December 1922
17 June 2008 (85)
Poland
Pfefferberg, Leopold
M
20 March 1913
9 March 2001 (87)
Poland
Rosensaft, Josef
M
15 January 1911
11 September 1975 (64)
Poland
Rubin, Tibor
M
18 June 1929
5 December 2015 (86) [ 40]
Hungary
Seel, Pierre
M
16 August 1923
25 November 2005 (82)
France
Spiegel, Paul
M
31 December 1937
30 April 2006 (68)
Germany
Wolanski, Sabina
F
1927
23 June 2011 (84)
Borysław , Poland (today Ukraine)
Sports
Living
Name
Sex
Birth (age)
Country
Sport
Helfgott, Ben
M
22 November 1929 ( 94)
Poland
Weightlifting; 3x British champion (lightweight) weightlifter, 3x Maccabiah champion
Ladany, Shaul
M
2 April 1936 ( 88)
Yugoslavia
Racewalking; 2-time Olympian; holds the world record in the 50-mile walk , and the Israeli national record in the 50-kilometer walk . He is former world champion in the 100-kilometer walk . 5 Maccabiah Games gold medals
Deceased
Name
Sex
Birth
Death (age)
Country
Sport
Epstein, Kurt
M
21 January 1904
1 February 1975 (71)
Czechoslovakia
Water polo; Olympic player (1928 and 1936)
Kleinová, Gertrude "Traute"
F
13 August 1918
February 1975 (56)
Czechoslovakia
Table tennis; 3-time world champion
de Levie, Elka
F
21 November 1905
12 December 1979 (74)
Netherlands
Gymnastics; Olympic champion (1928)
Nakache, Alfred "Artem"
M
18 November 1915
1983 (65)
France
Swimming; world record, one-third of French 2x world record
Sláma, Miroslav
M
3 August 1917
30 November 2008 (91)
Czechoslovakia
Ice hockey; Olympic medalist (1948)
Theology, spirituality, religion
Living
Deceased
Name
Sex
Birth
Death (age)
Country
Avigdor, Yaakov
M
1896
1967 (71)
Poland
Engleitner, Leopold
M
23 July 1905
21 April 2013 (107)
Austria
Feuerwerker, David
M
2 October 1912
20 June 1980 (67)
Switzerland
Gajowniczek, Franciszek
M
15 November 1901
13 March 1995 (93)
Poland
Gold, Ben-Zion [ 41]
M
1923
18 April 2016 (92)[ 42]
Poland
Goldman, Chananya
M
1905
1982 (77)
Hungary
Halberstam, Yekusiel Yehudah
M
10 January 1905
18 June 1994 (89)
Poland
Kozłowiecki, Adam
M
1 April 1911
28 September 2007 (96)
Poland
Liebman, Gershon
M
1905
8 March 1997 (92)
France
Lustiger, Jean-Marie
M
17 September 1926
5 August 2007 (80)
France
Newmark, Helga
F
1932
2012 (80)
Germany
Teitelbaum, Joel
M
1 January 1887
19 August 1979 (91)
Romania
Weissmandl, Chaim
M
25 October 1903
29 November 1957 (54)
Hungary
Wiechert, Ernst
M
18 May 1877
24 August 1950 (73)
Poland
Other
Living
Deceased
See also
Documentaries about Holocaust survivors
References
^ Barkat, Amiram. "Who Counts as a Holocaust Survivor?" Haaretz.com. Haaretz, 18 Apr. 2004. Web. 03 June 2015. <http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/who-counts-as-a-holocaust-survivor-1.119868 >.
^ http://www.ushmm.org/remember/office-of-survivor-affairs
^ Weners Profile Template:Wayback
^ "Simon Jeruchim" (PDF) . United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 2009-08-09 .
^ "andnomoresorrow.com" . andnomoresorrow.com . Retrieved 26 July 2015 .
^ "Boris Pahor turns 99" . slovenia.si . 29 July 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2015 .
^ Beattie, Kamy (2008-05-05). "Holocaust survivor Eva Schloss to present Geifman Lecture in Holocaust Studies" . Augustana College. Retrieved 2009-08-09 .
^ Matyas, Joe (2009-06-06). "Rapt pupils learn of the horrors of war" . The London Free Press. Retrieved 2009-08-09 .
^ Rising from the Holocaust: The Life of Fanny Goose . Retrieved 4 January 2014 .
^ "Marion Baumann-Parkhurst Obituary" . legacy.com. Retrieved 4 January 2014 .
^ Felstiner, John (28 March 2004). "On the other side of darkness" . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 17 April 2015 .
^ Katherine Shaver (9 March 2014). "Opposition to Maryland rail line bidder raises questions about accountability for Holocaust" . Washington Post . Retrieved 26 July 2015 .
^ http://www.obitsforlife.com/obituary/1142823/Faber-David.php
^ http://historygreatest.tumblr.com/post/127634342433/yosef-goldman-book-dealer-and-author-died-at-73
^ Gleeson, Richard (2000-02-21). "A man called Stan" . Northern News Services. Retrieved 2009-08-09 .
^ "Abe's Story - A Holocaust Memoir - Abram Korn from Lipno, Poland -" . remember.org . Retrieved 26 July 2015 .
^ "What it took for one Jewish man to survive the Holocaust" . Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team . Retrieved 4 January 2014 .
^ Catherine Hickley (18 September 2013). "Marcel Reich-Ranicki, German 'Pope of Letters' Dies at 93" . Bloomberg.com . Retrieved 26 July 2015 .
^ http://wiadomosci.onet.pl/krakow/zmarl-tadeusz-sobolewicz-byly-wiezien-niemieckich-obozow/sed7wt
^ a b "Tomi Reichental, Testimonies" . http://www.hetireland.org . Holocaust Education Trust Ireland. Retrieved 1 September 2014 .
^ https://www.cmu.edu/mcs/news/pressreleases/2016/0428-Kohn-Obituary.html
^ "Pan Józef ma 107 lat i czuje się znakomicie" (in Polish). Wirtualna Polska. Retrieved 2007-03-16 .
^ "Henry Rodrigues" . Retrieved 4 January 2014 .
^ Prochnik, Leon. Endings; Death Glorious & Otherwise As Faced By Ten Outstanding Figures Of Our Time . Crown Publishing.
^ Berger, Solomon; Berger, Gusta (April 2013). Love, Survival and the American Dream (First ed.). Marina del Rey, California: jMo5000. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-9892469-0-3 .
^ Tami Abdollah, "Living, under many names" , The Los Angeles Times , 16 February 2009
^ "Philip Bialowitz Sobibor Death Camp Survivor" (PDF) . Retrieved 4 January 2014 .
^ "A Survivor's Story: Memoirs of Severin Fayerman" . Retrieved 4 January 2014 .
^ "Holocaust Soliloquy" . Retrieved 4 January 2014 .
^ "Peter Fischl" . peterfischl.com . Retrieved 26 July 2015 .
^ "HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL DAY" . Retrieved 4 January 2014 .
^ "Never Surrender! A true story (amazon)" . Retrieved 4 January 2014 .
^ "Clara Kramer" . Susanna Lea Associates . Retrieved 4 January 2014 .
^ "Eva Olsson" . evaolsson.ca . Retrieved 26 July 2015 .
^ "Susan Pollack - Biographies - Portraits for Posterity" . portraitsforposterity.com . Retrieved 26 July 2015 .
^ a b "Joseph Taler's Website" . josephtaler.com . Retrieved 26 July 2015 .
^ "Obituaries - Paul Argiewicz" . bruchfuneralhome. Retrieved 3 January 2014 .
^ "Number 176520" . paulsstory.com . Retrieved 3 January 2014 .
^ Mamula, Kris. "On anniversary of liberation, survivor recounts story" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 4 January 2014 .
^ http://www.cmohs.org/recipient-detail/3183/rubin-tibor.php
^ "The Life of Jews in Poland before the Holocaust" . University of Nebraska. Retrieved 4 January 2014 .
^ http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/bostonglobe/obituary.aspx?n=ben-zion-gold&pid=179663411&fhid=8784
^ "Hershl Sperling: Personal Testimony of the Treblinka Death Camp" . Holocaust Research Project .
^ Rennell, Tony (August 13, 2010). "Last victim of Treblinka: He survived SEVEN Nazi concentration camps... but the nightmare caught up with him 44 years after starting a new life" . Daily Mail .
^ Smith, Mark S. (2010). Treblinka Survivor: The Life and Death of Hershl Sperling . History Press.
^ Template:En icon David Wdowiński (1963). And we are not saved . New York: Philosophical Library. p. 222. ISBN 0802224865 .
External links
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