Buddhist initiation ritual: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 05:27, 27 July 2017
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The lay Buddhist ordination (Chinese: 受戒; pinyin: shòu jiè, Japanese: Jukai (受戒), Korean: sugye (수계) refers to the public ordination ceremony wherein a lay student of Buddhism receives certain Buddhist precepts.[1] The particulars of the ceremony differ widely by country and by school of Buddhism.
Japan
In Japan, the ritual is called jukai.
Sōtō school
In the Sōtō school students take refuge in the Three Jewels (or Three Refuges), the Three Pure Precepts ("to do no evil, to do good, and to do good for others") and the Ten Grave Precepts.[2] Students must undergo a period of study for their Jukai ceremony, which in most Sōtō Zen traditions is at least two years.
Rinzai school
In the Rinzai school students take refuge in the Three Jewels (or Three Refuges) and, similarly to the Chinese and Korean practices derived from India, they receive the five precepts for laypersons.[3]
South Korea
In South Korea, the ritual, called sugye (수계), involves formally taking refuge in The Three Jewels of Buddhism: the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha, and accepting the five precepts. During the ritual, the initiate is touched with a burning incense stick. This is to leave a permanent mark which serves to remind the initiate of their promise to uphold the five precepts. During (or right after) the ceremony, the initiate is given a Buddhist name.[4]
China
In China, the ritual, is called shòu-jiè (受戒). The character 受 means "receive," while 戒 means "precepts." Taken together, the characters translate as "initiated" or "ordained."
Many people believe in Buddhism but do not go through any initiation ceremonies. Such Buddhists make up the overwhelming majority. Only a small part of Buddhists have gone through the ceremony which makes the recipient an upasaka or upasika and accepted the five commandments. They are formal Buddhists.[5]
Lewis Hodus, in his 1920 book Buddhism and Buddhists in China remarks on the Chinese ceremony as well, after recording an initiation ceremony for both those entering monastic life and the laity: "Less private was the initiation of the lay brethren and sisters, more lightly branded on the right wrist, while all about intoned 'Na-mah Pen-shih Shih-chia-mou-ni Fo.' (I put my trust in my Original Teacher, Säkyamuni-Buddha.)"[6] In modern notation and Chinese, this would be written "Namo Benshi Shijiamouni-Fo" (南無本師釋迦牟尼佛).
United States
In the United States, "jukai is a formal rite of passage that marks entrance into the Buddhist community. At that time, a student is given a Dharma name. He or she also makes a commitment to the precepts, which are interpreted a bit differently in various communities."[2]
In the Diamond Sangha, jukai is "commonly practiced" though some members never undergo the ceremony because they are members of another religion which prohibits such initiations. Therefore, some would say, they are not Buddhist by definition.[7]
At the Rochester Zen Center and its affiliated centers, the jukai ceremony involves taking the same precepts as in the Soto and White Plum traditions; however, from school to school or lineage to lineage, interpretation and translation of precepts can vary.[8]
The White Plum Asanga follows the same ritual as the Japanese Soto-school.
Notes
References
- Bodiford, William M. (1993). Sōtō Zen in Medieval Japan. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-1482-7.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - Chodron, Thubten (2000). Blossoms of the Dharma: Living as a Buddhist Nun. North Atlantic Books. ISBN 1-55643-325-5.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - Hellmann, Tony (October 30, 2009). "Buddhist Rites of Religious Initiation". Jumping the Asymptote. Retrieved November 13, 2009.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|trans_title=,|month=,|separator=, and|coauthors=(help) - Hodus, Lewis (1924). Buddhism and Buddhists in China. New York: The MacMillan Company.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - Johnson, Fenton (2003). Keeping Faith: A Skeptic's Journey. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-618-00442-4.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - Ling, Haicheng (2004). Buddhism in China. Chinese Intercontinental Press. ISBN 7-5085-0535-2.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - Olson, Phillip (1993). The Discipline of Freedom: A Kantian View of the Role of Moral Precepts in Zen Practice. State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-7914-1115-X.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - Seager, Richard Hughes (1999). Buddhism In America. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-10868-0.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - Spuler, Michelle (2003). Developments in Australian Buddhism: Facets of the Diamond. Routledge. ISBN 0-7007-1582-7.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help)
Further reading
- Loori, John Daido (1996). The Heart of Being: Moral and Ethical Teachings of Zen Buddhism. Charles E. Tuttle. ISBN 0-585-06814-3.
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External links
- "Korean Sugye Ceremony Photo Gallery" (in Korean). Cheontae Order. 2 July 2008. Archived from the original on 2011-07-25. Retrieved 13 November 2009.
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