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Tovar-Arroyo described Guaidó and Guevara as the "conciliators" of the student movement, saying that Guaidó had been a force for conciliation in the defeat of Chávez's [[2007 Venezuelan constitutional referendum]], the [[2015 Venezuelan parliamentary election]] that delivered defeat to Maduro, and that he was named [interim president] at a time when Venezuela needed conciliation.<ref name=TovarArroyo>{{cite news|url=http://www.el-nacional.com/noticias/columnista/quien-juan-guaido-otra-vez-otra_269427|title=¿Quién es Juan Guaidó?|author=Tovar-Arroyo, Gustavo|date=5 February 2019|work=El Nacional|accessdate=5 February 2019|language=es}}</ref>
Tovar-Arroyo described Guaidó and Guevara as the "conciliators" of the student movement, saying that Guaidó had been a force for conciliation in the defeat of Chávez's [[2007 Venezuelan constitutional referendum]], the [[2015 Venezuelan parliamentary election]] that delivered defeat to Maduro, and that he was named [interim president] at a time when Venezuela needed conciliation.<ref name=TovarArroyo>{{cite news|url=http://www.el-nacional.com/noticias/columnista/quien-juan-guaido-otra-vez-otra_269427|title=¿Quién es Juan Guaidó?|author=Tovar-Arroyo, Gustavo|date=5 February 2019|work=El Nacional|accessdate=5 February 2019|language=es}}</ref>


[[Vox (website)|Vox]] interviewed an expert on Venezuelan politics who said that Guaidó was "uncharismatic", and compared him to former US President [[Barack Obama]], saying they were similar at public addresses.<ref name=voxobama>{{cite web|author= Ward, Alex | url=https://www.vox.com/world/2019/1/23/18193533/venezuela-maduro-protest-guaido-pence-trump-23-enero|title=Why thousands of protesters — and Trump — are demanding Venezuela’s president step down|website=Vox|accessdate=27 January 2019 |date= 23 January 2019}}</ref> ''The Guardian'' noted that Guaidó had used the same "rallying cry" as Obama's "[[Yes We Can (slogan)|Yes we can]]": "[[Sí se puede|Sí, se puede!]]".<ref name= GuardianObama1>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/18/bolsonaro-maduro-venezuela-video-message-democracy-reestablished|title=Bolsonaro pressures Venezuelan leader with vow to 're-establish democracy'|website=The Guardian|author=Phillips, Tom|accessdate=20 January 2019}}<ref/><ref name= GuardianPP/> He had used this slogan for his campaigning since at least July 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BWnvtkHD7zB/|title=Juan Guaidó on Instagram #SiSePuede|accessdate=1 February 2019}}</ref>
[[Vox (website)|Vox]] interviewed an expert on Venezuelan politics who said that Guaidó was "uncharismatic", and compared him to former US President [[Barack Obama]], saying they were similar at public addresses.<ref name=voxobama>{{cite web|author= Ward, Alex | url=https://www.vox.com/world/2019/1/23/18193533/venezuela-maduro-protest-guaido-pence-trump-23-enero|title=Why thousands of protesters — and Trump — are demanding Venezuela’s president step down|website=Vox|accessdate=27 January 2019 |date= 23 January 2019}}</ref> ''The Guardian'' noted that Guaidó had used the same "rallying cry" as Obama's "[[Yes We Can (slogan)|Yes we can]]": "[[Sí se puede|Sí, se puede!]]".<ref name= GuardianObama1>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/18/bolsonaro-maduro-venezuela-video-message-democracy-reestablished|title=Bolsonaro pressures Venezuelan leader with vow to 're-establish democracy'|website=The Guardian|author=Phillips, Tom|accessdate=20 January 2019}}</ref><ref name= GuardianPP/>


== Electoral history ==
== Electoral history ==

Revision as of 15:42, 9 February 2019

Template:Spanish name

Juan Guaidó
File:Juan Guaidó restored version.jpg
Interim President of Venezuela
Assumed office
23 January 2019
Disputed with Nicolás Maduro
Preceded byNicolás Maduro
10th President of the National Assembly of Venezuela
Assumed office
5 January 2019
Preceded byOmar Barboza
Federal Deputy for Vargas
Assumed office
5 January 2016
Personal details
Born
Juan Gerardo Guaidó Márquez

(1983-07-28) 28 July 1983 (age 40)
La Guaira, Venezuela
Political partyVoluntad Popular
(Popular Will)
SpouseFabiana Rosales[1]
Children1 daughter (Miranda Guaidó)
EducationAndrés Bello Catholic University
George Washington University
ProfessionEngineer
Signature

Juan Gerardo Guaidó Márquez (Spanish: [hwaŋ heˈɾaɾðo ɣwai̯ˈðo ˈmaɾ.kes]; born 28 July 1983)[2] is a Venezuelan engineer and politician serving as the President of the National Assembly of Venezuela since 5 January 2019. He is a member of the centrist social-democratic Popular Will party, and also the federal deputy to the National Assembly, representing the state of Vargas.

On 23 January 2019, during the 2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis, Guaidó took a public oath to serve as interim President of Venezuela, contesting the leadership of Nicolás Maduro. As of February 2019, his claim to presidency, based on an interpretation of the Constitution of Venezuela, has been recognized by around 50 governments, with some entities suggesting dialogue to resolve the dispute.[3][4] The Supreme Tribunal of Justice (TSJ) rejected the National Assembly decisions[5] while the Supreme Tribunal of Justice of Venezuela in exile, welcomed him as interim president.[6]

Guaidó is the subject of a probe led by Maduro, was prohibited from leaving the country, had his assets frozen, has been detained and his family has been intimidated.[7]

Early life and education

Part of a large family,[a] and of modest origins,[1] Guaidó was raised in a middle-class home by his parents, Wilmer and Norka.[10] His father was an airline pilot[b] and his mother, a teacher.[8] One grandfather was a sergeant of the Venezuelan National Guard while another grandfather was a captain in the Venezuelan Navy.[11]

Guaidó lived through the 1999 Vargas tragedy which left his family temporarily homeless;[2] he lost friends and his school.[12] The tragedy, according to his colleagues, influenced his political views after the then-new government of Hugo Chávez allegedly provided ineffective response to the disaster.[13] He said, "I saw that if I wanted a better future for my country I had to roll up my sleeves and give my life to public service."[12] He earned his high school diploma in 2000[14] and earned his undergraduate degree in 2007 in industrial engineering from Andrés Bello Catholic University. He also completed two postgraduate programs in public administration at George Washington University in the United States and at the Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Administración in Caracas.[2][14]

He is married to Fabiana Rosales, a journalist,[15] and they have one daughter.[16]

Activism

Guaidó said, after "it became clear that under Chávez the country was drifting toward totalitarianism",[12] he helped found the student-led political movement that protested the Venezuelan government's decision not to renew the broadcasting license of independent television network RCTV[17] with other prominent student leaders when he was 23—the year he graduated from Andrés Bello Catholic University.[18] They also protested broader attempted government reforms by Chávez, including the 2007 constitutional referendum, which Chávez lost.[19]

Together with Leopoldo López and other politicians, Guaidó was a founding member of the Popular Will political party in 2009;[20] the party is affiliated with Socialist International, although his peers characterize Guaidó as a centrist, and Maduro places him on the right of the political spectrum.[21][22]

In 2014, Guaidó was the party's national coordinator.[23] López (one of Venezuela's best-known opposition politicians, under house arrest as of January 2019) "mentored Guaidó for years" according to CNN,[24] and the two speak several times daily.[1] As Lopez's protegé, Guaidó was well known in his party and the Assembly, but not internationally;[25] López named Guaidó to lead the Popular Will party in 2019.[26]

Venezuelan National Assembly

In the 2010 Venezuelan parliamentary election, Guaidó was elected as an alternate federal deputy,[27] and was elected to a full seat in the National Assembly in the 2015 elections with 26% of the vote.[28][29] It is an impoverished area, and a majority of employers in Vargas are government companies; until Guaidó's 2015 election, Chavista rule in the state was unchallenged.[13]

Relatively unknown until 2019, Guaidó was one of several politicians who went on a hunger strike to force 2015 elections.[24] In 2017, he was named head of the Comptroller's Commission of the National Assembly and in 2018, he was named head of the legislature's opposition.[14] He contributed to research at the University of Arizona, giving testimony to analysts on the working conditions of Latin American politicians and, specifically, institutional crisis and political change.[23]

In the National Assembly, Guaidó investigated Maduro administration corruption cases, and worked with independent organizations to recover money stolen from the Venezuelan public.[13] He participated in the 2017 Venezuelan protests and was left scarred on his neck after he was shot with rubber bullets.[26] In January 2018 he was sworn in as the Leader of the Majority in the National Assembly.[30][31] He spoke at the Latin American Peace Summit held in Brazil at the start of August 2018, representing Venezuela. In October 2018, he was a pallbearer for Fernando Albán.[32]

President of the National Assembly

Guaidó was elected President of the National Assembly of Venezuela in December 2018, and was sworn in on 5 January 2019. Relatives of imprisoned politicians were invited to the inauguration, gathering on the balcony behind the banner of Juan Requesens.[11] He is the youngest to lead the opposition.[9]

An often-fragmented opposition unified around Guaidó.[33][34] An article in Spain's El Pais says that two politicians were primarily responsible for the strategy that propelled Guaidó forward—Julio Borges (in exile[35]) and Leopoldo López (under house arrest)—in a plan elaborated after failed negotiations in the Dominican Republic between representatives of chavismo and the opposition, and that took more than a year to come to fruition.[34] Bringing together Venezuelan Harvard economist Ricardo Hausmann and politicians from different political parties, Borges led the effort with the Lima Group, while Antonio Ledezma and Carlos Vecchio led in the United States, and María Corina Machado and López kept pressure on in Venezuela.[34] David Smolansky and Freddy Guevara also put their weight behind Guaidó, and Henrique Capriles—initially distant—joined in support.[34]

Upon taking office, Guaidó vowed to oppose Maduro, and elaborated an eight-point action plan.[11][36][37] The plan, approved by the National Assembly, envisions three phases (end of usurpation, transitional government, and free elections), with eight key points:[38]

  1. Reaffirm usurpation of presidency [by Maduro]
  2. National Assembly assumes representation of Venezuela in the international community
  3. Create a transitional body to restore constitutional order, coordinated among legitimate authorities of civil society and armed forces
  4. Re-take power of designation from usurpers
  5. Promote recognition among international organizations
  6. Authorize humanitarian aid
  7. Create a fund for recuperating assets lost through corruption
  8. Approve a legislative agenda for the transition

Detention and release

While on his way to a 13 January 2019 public assembly, Guaidó was briefly detained by members of the Bolivarian Intelligence Service (SEBIN),[39] and released 45 minutes later.[8] The Lima Group[40] and the Secretary General of the Organization of American States (OAS), Luis Almagro, condemned the act.[41] The government said the detention was carried out unilaterally by the SEBIN personnel, and an arrest warrant was issued.[42] Twelve SEBIN officials were charged with illegitimate detention and abuse of functions.[43]

Guaidó declared that the events demonstrated that there was a break in the chain of command in the Armed Forces, and that Maduro was not in control.[44]

Interim President of Venezuela

Assumption of presidential powers and duties

Main article: 2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis

Article 233 of the Constitution of Venezuela provides that, "when the president-elect is absolutely absent before taking office, a new election shall take place [...] and until the president is elected and takes office, the interim president shall be the president of the National Assembly".[45]

After what he and others described as the "illegitimate" inauguration of Maduro on 10 January 2019, Guaidó said that he would challenge Maduro's claim to the presidency.[46] The National Assembly announced Guaidó had assumed the powers and duties of president, and they would continue to plan to remove Maduro.[46][47] They called for demonstrations on 23 January, the 61st anniversary of the overthrow of dictator Marcos Pérez Jiménez.[5] Guaidó told the Wall Street Journal that "[i]t's not about twisting arms, breaking kneecaps, but rather holding out a hand" and offered "amnesty to military officers who joined efforts for a transition in power".[9] With massive numbers of demonstrators coming out on 23 January in cities throughout Venezuela and across the world,[48][49] Guaidó swore "before Almighty God ... to formally assume the power of the national executive office as the president of Venezuela".[50]

The US, Canada, Brazil and several Latin American countries supported Guaidó as interim president the same day; Russia, China, and Cuba supported Maduro.[5][51] A defiant Maduro accused the US of backing a coup, and said he would cut ties with them.[50] In December 2018, Guaidó had traveled to Washington D.C. where he met with OAS Secretary General Luis Almagro, and then on 14 January to Colombia for a Lima Group meeting, in which Maduro's mandate was rejected.[52] According to an article in El Pais, the January Lima Group meeting and the stance taken by Canada's Chrystia Freeland were key.[52] El Pais describes Trump's election—coinciding with the election of conservative presidents in Colombia and Brazil, along with deteriorating conditions in Venezuela—as "a perfect storm", influenced by hawks in the Trump administration.[52] Venezuelans Carlos Vecchio, Julio Borges and Gustavo Tarre were consulted, and the Trump administration decision to back Guaidó formed on 22 January, according to El Pais.[52]

Since assuming the interim presidency on 23 January, Guaidó has been campaigning with his slogan, "We're doing well, very well, Venezuela!" (Spanish: ¡Vamos bien, muy bien Venezuela!).[53][54][55]

Intimidation and threats

Guaidó with his wife, Fabiana, and daughter, Miranda, in 2019

On 29 January, the TSJ launched a probe of Guaidó, froze his assets, and prohibited him from leaving the country.[56] While announcing the Plan País at the Central University of Venezuela on 31 January, Guaidó said special police had come to his home and asked for Fabiana, his wife. He then gave a general warning, saying that he would hold anyone who threatened his 20-month-old daughter personally accountable for such actions.[57] He was holding his daughter when he gave the announcement, saying that they had "crossed a red line".[58]

Maduro said Guaidó was a clown with a "virtual mandate" who could be imprisoned.[59]

Diosdado Cabello, the president of the 2017 Constituent National Assembly and number two in the country,[60] made another threat against Guaidó on 5 February in a public, videotaped discussion before the Constituent Assembly.[60][61] Multiple news outlets reported that Cabello said that Guaidó had "never heard the whistle of a nearby bullet, you don't know what it feels like when a bullet hits three centimeters from you".[60][61][62] Cabello also was reported to have asked Guaidó how far he was willing to go, because they were willing, saying that "We will not care about anything."[61] Guaidó's response was, "Caracas is the most violent capital in the world ... we have had political assassinations ... they have killed more than 40 children. Venezuelans have had to listen already to too many whistling bullets produced by a regime that does not care about the lives, the welfare of Venezuelans ... who need medicine and food ... you will not stop us with veiled threats."[63]

Position on dialogue with Maduro

Guaidó has said emphatically that the National Assembly will not participate in dialogue with Maduro. His reasoning is that has already been done, "within and outside of Venezuela, in private and in public, alone and with international companions".[64] He says the result in every instance has been more repression, with Maduro taking advantage of the process to strengthen the dictatorship.[64] Offering as examples Leopoldo López, Juan Requesens, Julio Borges (in exile) and others, he says if Maduro really wanted dialogue, he would release political prisoners.[64]

He refused Vatican's offer of mediation, referring to the letter Maduro wrote asking Pope Francis to mediate as an attempt of a "false dialogue" and saying that the Vatican can assist those who have "refused to see the Venezuelan reality".[65] Referencing 2016 negotiations that he says Maduro did not respect, he suggests the Pope can encourage Maduro to allow an orderly transition of power.[66]

Guaidó characterizes Uruguay as failing to defend democracy, even as he says "[b]etween 2015 and 2017, the number of extrajudicial executions by the repressive machine was more than 9,200, more than three times the number of disappeared in Chile during the Pinochet military dictatorship."[64] He said Uruguay's stance was surprising, considering Venezuela has 300,000 starving people at risk of dying.[64]

Personnel

According to El Pais, Guaidó has had help, along with National Assembly vice-presidents Stalin González and Edgar Zambrano, from young representatives of various political parties: Miguel Pizarro for humanitarian aid, Carlos Paparoni heading a Finance Commission, and Marialbert Barrios working with embassies.[34] Delsa Solórzano worked with Luisa Ortega Díaz on the Amnesty Law.[34]

S&P Global Platts says Guaidó's administration will name Gustavo Baquero president of PDVSA (Venezuela's state-run petroleum company).[67]

Recognition

For details of domestic and international recognition, see 2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis#Recognition

As of February 2019, Guaidó is recognized as the interim president of Venezuela by approximately 50 countries.[68][69]

Domestic policy

Further information: Plan País
Guaidó presenting Plan País

Guaidó announced on 31 January, before a packed theatre at the Central University of Venezuela,[70] that the National Assembly had approved a commission to implement a plan for the reconstruction of Venezuela.[71][72] Called Plan País (Plan for the Country), it has been under elaboration for some time, and was initially developed through a series of public and private meetings in the US and Venezuela.[73][74] According to Guaidó, the aims of the plan are to "stabilize the economy, attend to the humanitarian emergency immediately, rescue public services, and overcome poverty".[75] It has provisions to revitalize PDVSA, restore the health sector, and offer assistance to the most poverty-stricken.[70] Implementation of the plan requires Maduro's exit.[73]

Humanitarian aid

Further information: Crisis in Venezuela

According to France 24, Guaidó has made bringing humanitarian aid to the hundreds of thousands of Venezuelans who could die if aid does not arrive a priority, and a test of the military's allegiance.[76] The day after assuming the interim presidency, Guaidó requested humanitarian aid for Venezuela from the US and from the United Nations.

Guaidó said Venezuela's neighbors, in a "global coalition to send aid to Venezuela", will help get humanitarian aid and medicine into the country; products will be shipped to neighboring ports and brought overland via convoys.[77] He said that the 250,000 people whose lives are in danger will be the recipients of the first phase of the humanitarian effort.[78]

Amnesty Law

On 25 January, Guaidó offered an Amnesty law, approved by the National Assembly, for military personnel and authorities who help to restore constitutional order.[79] He suggested that if Maduro gives up power, he may receive amnesty.[80] Over his first weekend, he held another public assembly, asking supporters to disseminate the Amnesty Law throughout the country to military, police and other functionaries.[81][82] On 30 January, demonstrators took to the streets across the country to encourage the military to allow humanitarian aid and reject Maduro.[83] Maduro also held meetings with the military; top military command remains loyal to Maduro as of February 2019.[83]

In an editorial published by the New York Times on the evening of 30 January, Guaidó explained that the Amnesty Law would only apply to individuals who were not found to have committed crimes against humanity.[58]

Finance and economy

Further information: Economy of Venezuela

Guaidó asked the Bank of England and British Prime Minister Theresa May not to return to the Maduro administration the £1.2 billion in gold reserves the UK holds for Venezuela, and to allow the opposition to access it instead.[84][85] In the same week, the US Treasury levied sanctions against PDVSA[86] and transferred control of some Venezuelan assets to Guaidó.[87]

Guaidó said the Maduro administration was attempting to move some of the country's assets to Uruguay, "to keep stealing from the people of Venezuela".[88] On 5 February, Paparoni announced that the transfer from Portugal to Uruguay had been stopped.[89]

Guaidó seeks to open up the economy by allowing foreign, private oil companies greater participation in ventures with PDVSA;[90] the requirement for 51% PDVSA ownership in joint ventures would be dropped.[91] Pledging to honor "legal" and "financial" debt, Carlos Vecchio said that agreements in which Venezuela pays debt with oil (signed by the Maduro administration) may not be honored.[90]

Foreign policy

Guaidó in a 1 February Voice of America interview

In an interview with Christiane Amanpour, Guaidó did not rule out accepting support from the US armed forces, but said that pressure was being applied in every other way possible to avoid coming to that.[92]

Guaidó said there is room for Maduro allies like Russia and China in Venezuela, adding that legal security under a new plan for the country would benefit all businesses, including theirs.[70][93] He has approached China to establish diplomatic ties, stating "China’s support will be very important in boosting our country’s economy and future development."[94]

Guaidó supports recognition of Guayana Esequiba as belonging to Venezuela.[95]

Public perception

Time magazine described Guaidó as charismatic, saying that he had "unified a divided opposition".[96] He is known for "building unity among fellow legislators", according to a Bloomberg article.[1] Michael Shifter said that he "has tried to reach out to the military, tried to unify the opposition and tried to reach Chavista folks as well".[9] An article in The Nation calls Guaidó a "second-string politician" who "simply declared himself acting president" in a brazen power grab.[97] The Guardian reported concerns that Guaidó was allied with far-right leaders, Brazil's Jair Bolsonaro and the United States' Donald Trump.[85]

Tovar-Arroyo described Guaidó and Guevara as the "conciliators" of the student movement, saying that Guaidó had been a force for conciliation in the defeat of Chávez's 2007 Venezuelan constitutional referendum, the 2015 Venezuelan parliamentary election that delivered defeat to Maduro, and that he was named [interim president] at a time when Venezuela needed conciliation.[98]

Vox interviewed an expert on Venezuelan politics who said that Guaidó was "uncharismatic", and compared him to former US President Barack Obama, saying they were similar at public addresses.[99] The Guardian noted that Guaidó had used the same "rallying cry" as Obama's "Yes we can": "Sí, se puede!".[100][70]

Electoral history

2010 parliamentary vote

Candidate Party Votes % Result
Oswaldo Vera PSUV 84 241
54.82%
 Deputy
Simón Escalona Reserve deputy
Bernardo Guerra MUD 66 553
43.31%
 Deputy
Juan Guaidó Reserve deputy
Others 2865
1.81%
Disqualified votes 4352
2.75%
Total valid votes 153 659
63.86%

2012 MUD primary

Candidate Party Votes % Result
José Manuel Olivares PJ 17547
61.1%
 Nomination
Juan Guaidó VP 5184
18.1%
 Not elected
Salomón Bassim PJ 2280
7.9%
 Not elected
Arquímides Rivero GDV 1819
6.3%
 Not elected
Ramón Díaz Ind. 1625
5.7%
 Not elected
Luis Pino CC 264
0.9%
 Not elected
Total valid votes 28 719

2015 parliamentary vote

Candidate Party Votes % Result
Milagros Eulate MUD 98 530
26.29%
 Deputy
Juan Guaidó MUD 97 492
26.01%
 Deputy
María Carneiro PSUV 84 872
22.64%
 Not elected
José Pinto PSUV 83 462
22.27%
 Not elected
Jesús Sánchez DR 2098
0.55%
 Not elected
Estela Romero DR 1886
0.55%
 Not elected
Disqualified votes 35 569
8.66%
Total valid votes 374 773
74.64%

Notes

  1. ^ The Washington Post says Guaidó is one of eight siblings;[8] Bloomberg says he is one of seven;[1] the Wall Street Journal says he is one of six.[9]
  2. ^ The Washington Post says his father was an airline pilot.[8] The Wall Street Journal says his father was a cab driver.[9] La Patilla says his father, Wilmer Guaidó, escaped from Venezuela's chavismo and worked driving a taxi in Tenerife, Spain, but that he was an airline pilot in Venezuela.[10]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Rosati, Andrew and Alex Vasquez (23 January 2019). "Who Is Juan Guaido? A Quick Look at the Young Venezuelan Leader". Bloomberg. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  2. ^ a b c "Diputado por Vargas Juan Guaidó" (in Spanish). Popular Will Party. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  3. ^ Merrill, Dave and Carolina Millan (24 January 2019). "Map: All the Countries Recognizing Guaido as Venezuela's New President". Bloomberg. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  4. ^ "Statement on Venezuela". Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Press release). Government of Australia. 28 January 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2019. Australia recognises and supports the President of the National Assembly, Juan Guaidó, in assuming the position of interim president
  5. ^ a b c "Guaido vs Maduro: Who backs Venezuela's two presidents?". CNBC. Reuters. 24 January 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  6. ^ "Maduro vs. Guaido: Who is backing whom?". France24. 28 January 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  7. ^ "Venezuela targets Guaido with probe, travel ban, asset freeze". Reuters. 29 January 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2019."Venezuela crisis: Juan Guaidó says family has been threatened". BBC. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2019."Juan Guaidó: Venezuela's opposition leader briefly detained". BBC. 13 January 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  8. ^ a b c d "Venezuela's opposition is gambling it all on a young and untested activist named Juan Guaidó". The Washington Post. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  9. ^ a b c d e Castro, Maolis and Juan Forero (24 January 2019). "From Quiet Beginnings, Maduro's Challenger Raises Voice in Venezuela". Wall Street Journal. via ProQuest: Dow Jones Institutional News. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  10. ^ a b "El padre de Juan Guaidó desde Tenerife: "Siempre adelante, hijo"" (in Spanish). LaPatilla.com. 27 January 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  11. ^ a b c Long, Gideon (13 January 2019). "Venezuela's opposition vows to help end Maduro's rule". Financial Times. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  12. ^ a b c Guaidó, Juan (30 January 2019). "Juan Guaidó: Venezuelans, Strength Is in Unity". New York Times. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  13. ^ a b c Zubillaga, Guillermo (9 January 2019). "Meet the New Face of Venezuela's Opposition". Americas Quarterly. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  14. ^ a b c Sanchez, Fabiola and Scott Smith (14 January 2019). "Guaidó, político de poca experiencia que asume rol crucial". La Patilla (in European Spanish). Associated Press. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  15. ^ "Periodista de 26 años: así es Fabiana Rosales, la mujer de Juan Guaidó y su máximo apoyo". ABC España (in Spanish). 25 January 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  16. ^ Puglie, Frederic (24 January 2019). "Juan Guaido wins support of Venezuela youth with age, vigor and Twitter outreach". Washington Times. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  17. ^ "Juan Guaidó, el presidente más joven de la Asamblea que deberá tomar la decisión más difícil" (in Spanish). NTN 24. 3 January 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  18. ^ "The day that Chávez and Guaidó crossed destinies". El Espectador (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 January 2019.
  19. ^ Romero, Simon (3 December 2007). "Venezuela Hands Narrow Defeat to Chávez Plan". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  20. ^ "Voluntad Popular will propose Juan Guaidó as president of the National Assembly and ratifies his ignorance of Nicolás Maduro". Voluntad Popular. 20 December 2018. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
  21. ^ "Quién es Juan Guaidó, el líder venezolano reconocido como presidente interino". El Nuevo Herald. 5 January 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2019. [Guaidó] es definido como de centro por sus colaboradores, pese a que milita en una agrupación que es miembro pleno de la Internacional Socialista y que voceros del Gobierno de Nicolás Maduro ubican, a manera de insulto, a la derecha del espectro político.
  22. ^ "Quién es Juan Guaidó y por qué su juramento es constitucional". FAES. 23 January 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2019. Forma parte del partido Voluntad Popular, liderado por Leopoldo López, y que pertenece a la Internacional Socialista.
  23. ^ a b Cyr, Jennifer (9 June 2017). The fates of political parties: institutional crisis, continuity, and change in Latin America. New York, NY, USA: University of Cambridge Press. p. 259. ISBN 9781107189799. OCLC 986236528.
  24. ^ a b Chavez, Nicole and Rafael Romo (24 January 2019). "Who is Venezuela's Juan Guaido?". CNN. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  25. ^ Rosati, Andrew and Alex Vasquez (15 January 2019). "Venezuela's Moribund Opposition Stirs With Lawmaker's Emergence". Bloomberg. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  26. ^ a b Parkin Daniels; Joe and Mariana Zúñiga (15 January 2019). "Who is Juan Guaidó, the opposition leader challenging Maduro's rule?". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  27. ^ Rodriguez Rosas, Ronny (20 December 2018). "Voluntad Popular confirma que propondrá a Juan Guaidó para presidir la AN en 2019" (in Spanish). Efecto Cocuyo. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
  28. ^ "Diputado Juan Guaidó ingresó al Palacio Federal Legislativo en compañía de su familia #5Ene" (in Spanish). El Impulso. 5 January 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  29. ^ "Elecciones a la Asamblea Nacional 2015" (in Spanish). National Electoral Council of Venezuela. 22 January 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
  30. ^ "Guaidó: Ante propuesta de realizar los comicios presidenciales debe prevalecer la unidad". Asamblea Nacional. Retrieved 1 February 2019. El jefe de la fracción parlamentaria de la Asamblea Nacional (AN) diputado Juan Guaidó (Unidad/Vargas)
  31. ^ "Juan Guaidó: El Viernes asumí la responsabilidad de llevar la jefatura de fracción mayoritaria de la unidad". 8 January 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
  32. ^ "Juan Guaidó on Instagram Respeto dar Albán". Retrieved 1 February 2019.
  33. ^ Nugent, Ciara (23 January 2019). "Who is Juan Guaidó, the opposition leader Trump just recognized as Venezuela's president?". Time. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  34. ^ a b c d e f Moleiro, Alonso and Javier LaFuente (30 January 2019). "La estrategia coral que resucitó a la oposición y echa el pulso más firme a Maduro". El Pais. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  35. ^ Phillips, Tom and Joe Parkin Daniels (9 August 2018). "Venezuela: Maduro critic rejects 'absurd' claim he plotted to kill president". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
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  37. ^ Smith, Scott (5 January 2019). "Venezuela's congress names new leader, vows to battle Maduro". ABC News. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  38. ^ "AN: Los ocho puntos claves propuestos por Juan Guaidó". El Nacional (in Spanish). 7 January 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
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  40. ^ "Panama and the Lima Group condemn the arrest of National Assembly President, Mr. Juan Guaido" (Press release). Embassy of Panama. 14 January 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  41. ^ "Almagro: Detención de Guaidó enfatizó el amedrentamiento y la coacción". El Nacional Web (in Spanish). 13 January 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  42. ^ "Privan de libertad a funcionarios del Sebin que detuvieron a Juan Guaidó". El Universal (in Spanish). 16 January 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  43. ^ "Venezuela: 12 charged in detention of opposition leader". The Washington Post. 16 January 2018. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
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  45. ^ Bello, Camille. "Is it legal for Juan Guaido to be proclaimed Venezuela's interim president?". Euronews. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
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  47. ^ "Juan Guaidó: Me apego a los artículos 333, 350 y 233 para lograr el cese de la usurpación y convocar elecciones libres con la unión del pueblo, FAN y comunidad internacional". www.asambleanacional.gob.ve. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
  48. ^ "Protestas en Venezuela: miles de personas participan en manifestaciones masivas contra el gobierno de Maduro". BBC NewsMundo (in Spanish). 23 January 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  49. ^ "Las 50 fotos de las masivas marchas contra la dictadura de Nicolás Maduro en Venezuela y Latinoamérica". Infobae (in Spanish). 24 January 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  50. ^ a b Sanchez, Ray and Nicole Chavez (23 January 2019). "Maduro defiant as Venezuelan opposition leader declares himself acting president". CNN. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  51. ^ "Maduro faces off with U.S. over Venezuela rival's power claim". PBS. 24 January 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  52. ^ a b c d Mars, Amanda (3 February 2019). "Así se lanzó Trump al derribo de Maduro". El Pais (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  53. ^ "Guaidó: "¡Vamos bien, muy bien Venezuela!"". 800 Noticias (in Spanish). 28 January 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  54. ^ Guaidó, Juan (4 February 2019). "Juan Guaidó on Twitter" (in Spanish). Guaidó official Twitter feed. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  55. ^ Villarroel, Astolfo (25 January 2019). "Guaido envia un mensaje de esperanza: Vamos bien, Muy bien". Punto de Corte Agencia de Informacion (in Spanish). Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  56. ^ "Venezuela top court curbs opposition leader Juan Guaidó". BBC. 29 January 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
  57. ^ "Venezuela crisis: Juan Guaidó says family has been threatened". BBC. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
  58. ^ a b "Juan Guaidó Says Venezuelan Opposition Had Secret Talks With Military". New York Times. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
  59. ^ "Nicolás Maduro le advierte a Juan Guaidó que podría terminar en la cárcel". Noticias Caracol (in Spanish). 5 February 2019. Retrieved 5 February 2019. Cuestionó que el 'payaso' que se proclamó presidente no haya convocado elecciones, como dicta la Constitución. ¿Hasta cuándo irá su mandato?, preguntó. '¿Va a continuar en su mandato virtual? ¿Hasta cuándo, hasta el 2025 también? ¿O hasta que termine en la cárcel por mandato del Tribunal Supremo de Justicia? ¿Hasta cuándo?, le advirtió al presidente interino.
  60. ^ a b c "¿Amenaza chavista? Video: "Señor Guaidó, usted no ha escuchado el silbido de una bala cerca"". Urgente 24 (in Spanish). 5 February 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2019. El chavismo/madurismo está descontrolado, y este martes 05/02 el presidente de la ilegítima Asamblea Nacional Constituyente (ANC) y número 2 de Venezuela, Diosdado Cabello, lanzó una nueva amenaza al presidente encargado de la República. Mire señor Guaidó usted no ha escuchado el silbido de una bala cerca de usted, no sabe qué se siente cuando una bala pega a tres centímetros o aun cuarto de donde está a usted y se escucha cuando pega, no tiene la más mínima idea de lo que eso significa'. Explicó que 'quien se atreva intentar atropellar a la patria tendrá una respuesta 'contundente'. 'No nos va a importar absolutamente nada', añadió.
  61. ^ a b c "Diosdado amenazó con una bala a Juan Guaidó". Noticias Venezuela (in Spanish). 5 February 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2019. ... le advirtió que el chavismo estaba dispuesto a todo con tal de defender la "revolución" y su permanencia en el poder. 'Así como el pueblo salió el 2 de febrero a celebrar la revolución, nos van a ver en la calle movilizados, moralizados y listos para el combate', agregó. Le pregunté hasta dónde estaba dispuesto a llegar, porque nosotros sí estamos dispuestos. Le dije 'señor Guaidó, usted no ha escuchado el silbido de una bala cerca'", contó Diosdado en su discurso ante la ANC chavista.
  62. ^ "Diosdado Cabello: Guaidó no ha escuchado el silbido de una bala cerca". El Nacional (in Spanish). 5 February 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
  63. ^ "Guaido says Venezuela's opposition is 'not going anywhere' in CBC interview". CBC Canada. 7 February 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2019. Spanish text and video of Guaidó's full response also at ElEstimulo and ATodoMomento "Con respecto a las supuestas amenazas; aquí seguimos ... triste y lamentablemente, al pueblo de Venezuela le ha tocado escuchar muchos silbidos de bala. Caracas es la capital más violenta del mundo ... Ha sufrido asasinatos politicos ... han matado a más de cuarenta niños. ... El pueblo de Venezuela ha tenido que escuchar demasiado ya silbidos de balas producidos por un régimen que no le interesa la vida, el bienestar de los venezolanos. ... que necesitan hoy medicina y comida ... Así que, con amenazas veladas no nos va a detener”.
  64. ^ a b c d e Correa, Juan Pablo (7 February 2019). "Juan Guaidó : 'Uruguay ha hecho falta para defender la democracia". El Pais (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  65. ^ "Guaidó reitera que solo dialogará si se concreta salida de Maduro del poder". Ultima Hora (in Spanish). 6 February 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  66. ^ "Juan Guaidó pidió al papa Francisco que "haga ver" a Nicolás Maduro la necesidad "de ir hacia un proceso de transición"". InfoBAE (in Spanish). 6 February 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  67. ^ "Venezuela's Guaido to appoint oil industry veteran Baquero as PDVSA president: sources". S&P Global Platts. 5 February 2019. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  68. ^ "Pronunciamiento de apoyo a gobierno de transicion en Venezuela". Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto. Government of Argentina. Retrieved 25 January 2019. The delegations of Argentina, Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, the United States, Honduras, Guatemala, Haiti, Panama, Paraguay, Peru and the Dominican Republic reaffirm the right to democracy enjoyed by the peoples of the Americas ... In this context, we recognize and express our full support to the President of the National Assembly, Juan Guaidó, who has assumed the role of President in charge of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, in accordance with the constitutional norms and the illegitimacy of the Nicolás Maduro regime.
  69. ^ "Mamuka Bakhtadze: Georgia recognizes Juan Guaido as Interim President of Venezuela and supports courageous people of Venezuela in their fight for democracy". 1TV. 24 January 2019. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
  70. ^ a b c d Phillips, Tom (31 January 2019). "'¡Sí se puede!' shouts rapturous crowd at Juan Guaidó rally". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
  71. ^ "En vivo: Juan Guaidó presenta su Plan País para rescatar a Venezuela". El Comercio. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
  72. ^ "Instalada Comision Plan Pais de la Asamblea Nacional". Caraboboes Noticia (in Spanish). 31 January 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
  73. ^ a b Adams, David and Tamoa Calzadilla (30 January 2019). "Venezuela's Guaidó to announce national reconstruction plan 'for the day after'". Univision. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
  74. ^ "Plan País" (in Spanish). Plan País, Inc. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
  75. ^ Adams, David and Tamoa Calzadilla (30 January 2019). "Guaidó presentará este jueves el 'Plan País': te contamos de qué se trata". Univision (in Spanish). Retrieved 31 January 2019.
  76. ^ "Venezuela opposition warns military against preventing entry of aid". France24. 5 February 2019. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  77. ^ Rueda, Manuel and Clbyburn Saint John (31 January 2019). "AP Interview: Venezuela's Guaido vows to defy ban on aid". Washington Post. Associated Press. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
  78. ^ "Guaidó pedirá una "gran movilización" para resguardar el ingreso de la ayuda humanitaria al país". El Universal (in Spanish). 4 February 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  79. ^ "Juan Guaidó ofreció detalles sobre Ley de Amnistía". El Nacional (in Spanish). 25 January 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  80. ^ "Venezuela's Maduro 'could get amnesty'". BBC. 25 January 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
  81. ^ Vinogradoff, Ludmila and David Alandete (28 January 2019). "Guaidó difunde su ley de amnistía en los cuarteles para conseguir adhesiones". ABC International (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  82. ^ "Guaidó aumenta presión contra Maduro con amnistía a militares y marcha". El Tiempo (in Spanish). 27 January 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  83. ^ a b "Venezuela's Guaido, protesters urge military to reject Maduro". Agence France Press. 30 January 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
  84. ^ Buitrago, Deisy (27 January 2019). "Venezuela opposition leader urges UK not to give gold to Maduro". Reuters. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  85. ^ a b Wintour, Patrick (28 January 2019). "Bank of England urged to give Juan Guaidó Venezuela's gold". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  86. ^ DiChristopher, Tom (28 January 2019). "Treasury sanctions Venezuela state-owned oil firm in bid to transfer control to Maduro opposition". CNBC. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  87. ^ "US gives Juan Guaido control over some Venezuelan assets". Al Jazeera. 29 January 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
  88. ^ "Juan Guaidó denunció que el régimen de Nicolás Maduro quiere transferir 1.200 millones de dólares a Uruguay". InfoBAE (in Spanish). 4 February 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2019. Guaidó no dio más detalles de su denuncia pero sí agregó que, además, el chavismo "planea robar" la ayuda humanitaria que está recolectando con colaboración de la comunidad internacional. "En este momento el régimen trata de seguir robándonos el dinero, están tratando de mover desde el Bandes (El Banco de Desarrollo Económico y Social de Venezuela) 1.200 millones de dólares a Uruguay", denunció Juan Guaidó cuando la conferencia de prensa ya estaba terminando. Y agregó: "Entre 1000 y 1200 millones de dólares, pretende la dictadura, trasladar al Bandes se Uruguay, con el objeto de seguir robando al pueblo Venezolano".
  89. ^ "Diputado venezolano dice que se detuvo una transferencia del gobierno de Maduro a Uruguay". El Observador (in Spanish). 5 February 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
  90. ^ a b Embury-Dennis, Tom (5 February 2019). "Venezuela: Juan Guaido will open up oil deals to foreign private companies, opposition leader's US envoy says". Independent. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  91. ^ Paraskova, Tsvetana (5 February 2019). "Guaido Set To Open Venezuela's Oil Sector To Private Firms". Oilprice.com. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  92. ^ Mackintosh, Elize (31 January 2019). "Venezuela's Guaido refuses to rule out accepting US military support amid escalating political crisis". CNN. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
  93. ^ "Juan Guaidó lanzó el "Plan País" con un mensaje para Rusia y China: "A ustedes también les conviene un cambio de Gobierno"". InfoBAE (in Spanish). 31 January 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
  94. ^ "Self-declared leader of Venezuela extends olive branch to China". South China Morning Post. 2 February 2019. Retrieved 2 February 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  95. ^ "Juan Guaidó, un opositor emergente, se convierte en el mayor desafío de Maduro" [Juan Guaidó, an emerging opposition leader, becomes Maduro's biggest denouncer]. RTVE (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 February 2019.
  96. ^ Nugent, Ciara (15 January 2019). "How a Little-Known Opposition Leader Could Turn Venezuela Back Toward Democracy". TIME. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
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  98. ^ Tovar-Arroyo, Gustavo (5 February 2019). "¿Quién es Juan Guaidó?". El Nacional (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  99. ^ Ward, Alex (23 January 2019). "Why thousands of protesters — and Trump — are demanding Venezuela's president step down". Vox. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  100. ^ Phillips, Tom. "Bolsonaro pressures Venezuelan leader with vow to 're-establish democracy'". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 January 2019.
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  102. ^ "Resultados de las primarias de la MUD 2012" (PDF). El Universal (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 January 2019.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Juan Guaidó.
Political offices
Preceded by President of the National Assembly of Venezuela
2019–present 		Incumbent
Preceded by Interim President of Venezuela
disputed
2019–present
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