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== Family ==
== Family ==
His mother's ancestors Wolf Lieb Glotzer and his wife, Bessie, immigrated to the United States from the [[Russian Empire]]'s [[Antopal|Antopol]], in what is present-day [[Belarus]], arriving in New York on January 7, 1903, on the German ship S.S. ''Moltke''<ref>https://www.flora-and-sam.com/pages/ImmigrationShips.htm#moltke</ref> and thus escaping the 1903–06 [[anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire|anti-Jewish pogroms]] in [[Belarusian history in the Russian Empire|Belarus]] and other parts of the Russian Empire.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://jewishjournal.com/opinion/rob_eshman/214361/stephen-miller-meet-immigrant-great-grandfather|title=Stephen Miller, meet your immigrant great-grandfather|last=Eshman|first=Rob|date=August 10, 2016|newspaper=[[The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles]]|accessdate=August 3, 2017}}</ref><ref name="thr" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.democracynow.org/2019/4/9/trump_pushes_for_more_separation_of|title=Trump Pushes For More Separation of Families on the Southern Border, Amping Up Attacks on Immigrants|date=April 9, 2019|work=[[Democracy Now!]]|accessdate=April 9, 2019}}</ref> When his great-grandmother arrived in the US in 1906, she spoke only [[Yiddish]], the historical language of the [[Ashkenazi Jews]] of [[Eastern Europe]]. But most of the family learned English and they opened businesses in Pennsylvania that became successful.<ref name="Politico_2018">{{cite news|url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/01/18/donald-trump-immigration-chain-migration-dan-scavino-tomi-lahren-216332|title=How Would Trump’s Immigration Crackdown Have Affected His Own Team?|last=Mendelsohn|first=Jennifer|date=January 18, 2018|newspaper=[[Politico]]|accessdate=January 20, 2018|quote="I traced their family histories. Their ancestors wouldn’t have been welcome." According to the 1910 census, his great-grandmother arrived in 1906 and "identified as speaking only Yiddish" in 1910.}}</ref>
His mother's ancestors Wolf Lieb Glotzer and his wife, Bessie, immigrated to the United States from the [[Russian Empire]]'s [[Antopal|Antopol]], in what is present-day [[Belarus]], arriving in New York on January 7, 1903, on the German ship S.S. ''Moltke''<ref>https://www.flora-and-sam.com/pages/ImmigrationShips.htm#moltke</ref> and thus escaping the 1903–06 [[anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire|anti-Jewish pogroms]] in [[Belarusian history in the Russian Empire|Belarus]] and other parts of the Russian Empire.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://jewishjournal.com/opinion/rob_eshman/214361/stephen-miller-meet-immigrant-great-grandfather|title=Stephen Miller, meet your immigrant great-grandfather|last=Eshman|first=Rob|date=August 10, 2016|newspaper=[[The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles]]|accessdate=August 3, 2017}}</ref><ref name="thr" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.democracynow.org/2019/4/9/trump_pushes_for_more_separation_of|title=Trump Pushes For More Separation of Families on the Southern Border, Amping Up Attacks on Immigrants|date=April 9, 2019|work=[[Democracy Now!]]|accessdate=April 9, 2019}}</ref> When his great-grandmother arrived in the US in 1906, she spoke only [[Yiddish]], the historical language of the [[Ashkenazi Jews]] of [[Eastern Europe]].<ref name="Politico_2018">{{cite news|url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/01/18/donald-trump-immigration-chain-migration-dan-scavino-tomi-lahren-216332|title=How Would Trump’s Immigration Crackdown Have Affected His Own Team?|last=Mendelsohn|first=Jennifer|date=January 18, 2018|newspaper=[[Politico]]|accessdate=January 20, 2018|quote="I traced their family histories. Their ancestors wouldn’t have been welcome." According to the 1910 census, his great-grandmother arrived in 1906 and "identified as speaking only Yiddish" in 1910.}}</ref>


==Career==
==Career==

Revision as of 00:35, 11 October 2019

Stephen Miller
Senior Advisor to the President
Incumbent
Assumed office
January 20, 2017
PresidentDonald Trump
Preceded byBrian Deese
Valerie Jarrett
Shailagh Murray
White House Director of Speechwriting
Incumbent
Assumed office
January 20, 2017
PresidentDonald Trump
Preceded byCody Keenan
Personal details
Born (1985-08-23) August 23, 1985 (age 39)
Santa Monica, California, U.S.
Political partyRepublican
EducationDuke University (BA)

Stephen Miller (born August 23, 1985)[1] is an American right-wing[1][2] political activist who serves as a senior advisor for policy for President Donald Trump.[3] He was previously the communications director for then-Senator Jeff Sessions. He was also a press secretary for Republican representatives Michele Bachmann and John Shadegg.

As a speechwriter for Trump, Miller helped write Trump's inaugural address.[4][5][6] He has been a key adviser since the early days of Trump's presidency. An immigration hardliner, Miller was a chief architect of Trump's travel ban,[7][8][9] the administration's reduction of refugees accepted to the United States,[10] and Trump's policy of separating migrant children from their parents.[11] He has prevented the publication of internal administration studies that showed that refugees had a net positive effect on government revenues.[12][13] Miller reportedly played a central role in the resignation in April 2019 of Secretary of Homeland Security Kirstjen Nielsen, who he believed was insufficiently hawkish on immigration.[14][15]

As a White House spokesman, Miller has on multiple occasions made false and unsubstantiated claims regarding widespread electoral fraud.[5][16][17]

Early life

Miller was born on August 23, 1985, the second of three children in the Jewish family of Michael D. Miller, a real estate investor, and Miriam (née Glosser). He grew up in Santa Monica, California.[1]

Miller claims he became a committed conservative after reading Guns, Crime, and Freedom, a book against gun control by Wayne LaPierre, CEO of the National Rifle Association.[18][19][20] While attending Santa Monica High School, Miller began appearing on conservative talk radio.[18][21] In 2002, at the age of 16, Miller wrote a letter to the editor of the Santa Monica Outlook criticizing his school's response to the September 11 attacks; he wrote that "Osama Bin Laden would feel very welcome at Santa Monica High School."[18][22] Miller invited conservative activist David Horowitz to speak, first at the high school and later at Duke University; afterward he denounced the fact that neither institution would authorize the event.[18] Miller was in the habit of "riling up his fellow [high school] classmates with controversial statements";[23] for instance, he told Latino students to speak only English.[19][23][24][25]

In 2007[26] Miller received his bachelor's degree from Duke University, where he studied political science.[18] He served as president of the Duke chapter of Horowitz's Students for Academic Freedom and wrote conservative columns for the school newspaper. Miller gained national attention for his defense of the students who were wrongly accused of rape in the Duke lacrosse case.[18][27] Also while attending Duke, Miller accused poet Maya Angelou of "racial paranoia" and described student organization Chicano Student Movement of Aztlán (MEChA) as a "radical national Hispanic group that believes in racial superiority."[28]

Miller and the Duke Conservative Union helped co-member Richard Spencer, a Duke graduate student at the time, with fundraising and promotion for an immigration policy debate in March 2007 between Peter Laufer, an open-borders activist and University of Oregon professor, and journalist Peter Brimelow, founder of the anti-immigration website VDARE. Spencer later became an important figure in the white supremacist movement and president of the National Policy Institute. Spencer coined the term "alt-right". Spencer said in a 2016 media interview that he had mentored Miller at Duke. Describing their close relationship, Spencer said that he was "kind of glad no one’s talked about this", for fear of harming Trump.[3] In a later blog post he said the relationship had been exaggerated. Miller has said he has "absolutely no relationship with Mr. Spencer" and that he "completely repudiate[s] his views, and his claims are 100 percent false."[29][30][31]

Duke University's former senior vice president, John Burness, told The News & Observer in February 2017 that, while at Duke, Miller "seemed to assume that if you were in disagreement with him, there was something malevolent or stupid about your thinking—incredibly intolerant." According to Jane Stancill of The News & Observer, during the Duke lacrosse case, Miller's was the "lonely voice insisting that the players were innocent." History professor KC Johnson described Duke's atmosphere during the case as not "conducive to speaking up" and praised Miller's role in it: "I think it did take a lot of courage, and he has to get credit for that."[30]

Family

His mother's ancestors Wolf Lieb Glotzer and his wife, Bessie, immigrated to the United States from the Russian Empire's Antopol, in what is present-day Belarus, arriving in New York on January 7, 1903, on the German ship S.S. Moltke[32] and thus escaping the 1903–06 anti-Jewish pogroms in Belarus and other parts of the Russian Empire.[33][21][34] When his great-grandmother arrived in the US in 1906, she spoke only Yiddish, the historical language of the Ashkenazi Jews of Eastern Europe.[35]

Career

After graduating from college, Miller worked as a press secretary for Congresswoman Michele Bachmann and Congressman John Shadegg, both members of the Republican Party.[36] In 2009 Miller started working for Alabama Senator Jeff Sessions, who was later appointed Attorney General.[36] He rose to the position of Sessions' communications director.[18] In the 113th Congress, Miller played a major role in defeating the bipartisan Gang of Eight's proposed immigration reform bill.[18][36] As communications director, Miller was responsible for writing many of the speeches Sessions gave about the bill.[37] Miller and Sessions developed what Miller describes as "nation-state populism," a response to globalization and immigration that strongly influenced Donald Trump's 2016 campaign. Miller also worked on Dave Brat's successful 2014 House campaign, which unseated Republican Majority Leader Eric Cantor.[18]

Miller at a July 28, 2016, Trump campaign rally in Cedar Rapids, Iowa

In January 2016, Miller joined Trump's 2016 presidential campaign as a senior policy adviser.[36] Starting in March 2016, Miller frequently spoke on behalf of the Trump campaign, serving as a "warm-up act" for Trump.[18] Miller wrote the speech Trump gave at the 2016 Republican National Convention.[26] In August 2016 Miller was named the head of Trump's economic policy team.[38]

Miller was seen as sharing an "ideological kinship" with former White House Chief Strategist Steve Bannon, and had a "long collaboration" with him.[5][39] But Miller distanced himself from Bannon in 2017 as Bannon fell out of favor with others in the White House.[5][40]

Trump administration

In November 2016 Miller was named national policy director of Trump's transition team.[41] On December 13, 2016, the transition team announced that Miller would serve as Senior Advisor to the President for Policy during the Trump administration.[42] He was initially charged with setting all domestic policy, but quickly assumed responsibility for immigration policy only.[43]

In the early days of Trump's presidency, Miller worked with Senator Jeff Sessions, Trump's nominee for Attorney General, and Steve Bannon, Trump's chief strategist, to enact policies through executive orders to restrict immigration and crack down on sanctuary cities.[44] Miller and Bannon preferred executive orders to legislation.[43] Miller's and Sessions's views on immigration were influenced by anti-immigration groups like the Federation for American Immigration Reform, NumbersUSA, and the Center for Immigration Studies.[45] Miller and Bannon were involved in the formation of Executive Order 13769, which sought to restrict U.S. travel and immigration by citizens of seven Muslim countries, and suspend the United States Refugee Admissions Program (USRAP) for 120 days, while indefinitely suspending entry of Syrians to the United States.[7][8][9] Miller has been credited as the person behind the Trump administration's decision to reduce the number of refugees accepted into the United States.[10][46]

Miller played an influential role in Trump's decision to fire FBI Director James Comey in May 2017.[47] Miller and Trump drafted a letter to Comey that was not sent after an internal review and opposition from White House Counsel Don McGahn, but Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein was given a copy, after which he prepared his own letter to Comey, which was cited as the reason for firing Comey.[48] In November 2017 Miller was interviewed by special counsel Robert Mueller in relation to his role in Comey's dismissal.[49]

Miller during the April 2017 Syrian missile strike operation

In September 2017 The New York Times reported that Miller stopped the Trump administration from showing the public an internal study by the Department of Health and Human Services that found that refugees had a net positive effect on government revenues.[12][13] Miller insisted that only the costs of refugees be publicized, not the revenues refugees bring in.[12]

In October 2017 Trump provided a list of immigration reform demands to Congress, asking for the construction of more wall along the Mexico–United States border, hiring 10,000 additional U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents, tightened asylum policies, and the discontinuance of federal funds to sanctuary cities in exchange for any action on undocumented immigrants who arrived as minors. Those immigrants had been protected from deportation under the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals policy until that policy's rescission a month earlier, in September 2017. The New York Times reported that Miller and Sessions were among the Trump Administration officials who developed the demands.[50]

In May 2018 it was reported Miller had attended a controversial meeting which included George Nader on behalf of two Arab princes, Wikistrat CEO Joel Zamel, Erik Prince, and Donald Trump Jr. on August 3, 2016.[51] The New York Times had also reported in November 2017 that Miller was in regular contact with George Papadopoulos during the campaign about his discussions with Russian government officials.[52]

Miller and Attorney General Sessions were described as the chief champions of the Trump administration's decision to start to separate migrant children from their parents when they crossed the U.S. border.[11][45] Miller argued that such a policy would deter migrants from coming to the United States.[11] After Miller gave an on-the-record interview to the Times, the White House requested that the Times not publish portions of it on its podcast, The Daily; the Times acceded to the request.[53]

In July 2018, senior White House official Jennifer Arangio was fired after she reportedly advocated that the United States remain in the Global Compact for Migration (a United Nations plan intended to "cover all dimensions of international migration in a holistic and comprehensive manner."[54]), defended the State Department's refugee bureau when Miller sought to defund it, and corrected misleading information about refugees that Miller was presenting to Trump.[55][56]

"I have watched with dismay and increasing horror as my nephew, an educated man who is well aware of his heritage, has become the architect of immigration policies that repudiate the very foundation of our family’s life in this country."

Dr. David S. Glosser, uncle of Stephen Miller[57]

On August 13, 2018, Politico published an essay by Miller's uncle, Dr. David S. Glosser, titled "Stephen Miller Is an Immigration Hypocrite. I Know Because I'm His Uncle", in which he detailed the Glosser family's history of coming to the United States from the village of Antopal in present-day Belarus.[58]

In October 2018 The Financial Times reported that Miller sought to make it impossible for Chinese students to study in the United States. Miller argued that a ban was necessary to reduce Chinese espionage, but that another benefit was that it would hurt elite universities with staff and students critical of Trump. Within the Trump administration, Miller's idea faced opposition, in particular from Terry Branstad, the ambassador to China, who argued that such a ban would harm US trade to China and hurt small American universities more than the elite ones.[59]

In the lead-up to the 2018 midterm elections, Miller played an influential role in Trump's messaging, which focused on sowing fears about immigration.[60][61] Trump's party lost 40 seats in the House in those elections, in part because, according to Vox writer Dara Lind, Trump and Miller's "closing argument" focusing on immigrants appealed solely to "white identity politics", which does not have majority support in the United States.[62]

In January 2019 Miller reportedly reduced the number of immigrants who would receive protections as part of a proposed offer by Trump to grant protections for some immigrants in exchange for congressional support for funds to construct a border wall.[63]

Miller reportedly played a central role in Secretary of Homeland Security Kirstjen Nielsen's resignation on April 7, 2019, as part of a larger department overhaul[64] aimed at steering the Trump administration towards a "tougher" approach on immigration.[14] Nielsen had voiced opposition to a plan Miller supported whereby the Trump administration would carry out mass arrests of undocumented immigrant families in 10 major U.S. cities.[15] Quartz reported that Miller had been purposely leaking information on border apprehensions and asylum seekers to the Washington Examiner so that the paper would publish alarming anti-immigration stories that criticized Nielsen.[65][66] That same month, Representative Ilhan Omar called Miller a white nationalist as part of her comments on the Department of Homeland Security overhaul, which led to backlash from several Republican figures, including Representative Lee Zeldin and Donald Trump Jr., who accused her of anti-Semitism because Miller is Jewish.[67]

Media appearances

On February 8, 2016, Miller participated in an interview with conspiracy theory website Infowars, during which he praised the site and its owner, Alex Jones, for its coverage of immigration and the Trans-Pacific Partnership.[68]

In a February 2017 appearance on CBS' Face the Nation, Miller criticized the federal courts for blocking Trump's travel ban, accusing the judiciary of having "taken far too much power and become, in many cases, a supreme branch of government ... Our opponents, the media and the whole world will soon see as we begin to take further actions, that the powers of the president to protect our country are very substantial and will not be questioned."[69][70] Miller's assertion was met with criticism from legal experts, such as Ilya Shapiro of the Cato Institute (who said that the administration's comments could undercut public confidence in the judiciary) and Cornell Law School professor Jens David Ohlin (who said that the statement showed "an absurd lack of appreciation for the separation of powers" set forth in the Constitution).[71] In the same appearance, Miller falsely said there was significant voter fraud in the 2016 presidential election and that "thousands of illegal voters were bused in" to New Hampshire. Miller did not provide any evidence in support of the statements;[16][17] The Washington Post's Glenn Kessler found that Miller has on multiple occasions made false or unsubstantiated claims regarding electoral fraud.[5][16][17]

On January 7, 2018, Miller appeared on Jake Tapper's State of the Union on CNN. In the course of Tapper's interview of him, Miller called Steve Bannon's comments about the Trump Tower meeting in Michael Wolff's book Fire and Fury "grotesque". Miller then went on to state, "The president is a political genius... who took down the Bush dynasty, who took down the Clinton dynasty, who took down the entire media complex". Tapper accused Miller of dodging questions, while Miller questioned the legitimacy of CNN as a news broadcaster, and as the interview became more contentious, with both participants talking over each other, Tapper ended the interview and continued to the next news story.[72][73][74] After the interview was over Miller refused to leave the CNN studio and had to be escorted out by security.[75]

As a controversy arose from a declaration of national emergency by Trump in order to fund building a wall along the southern border with Mexico that had been denied by Congress, Miller defended the declaration during a televised interview by Chris Wallace.[76]

Debate with Jim Acosta

On August 2, 2017, Miller had a heated exchange with CNN's Jim Acosta at the White House daily briefing regarding the Trump administration's support for the RAISE Act to sharply limit legal immigration and favor immigrants with high English proficiency.[77][78] Acosta said that the proposal was at odds with American traditions concerning immigration and noted that the Statue of Liberty welcomes immigrants to the U.S., invoking verses from Emma Lazarus's The New Colossus. Miller disputed the connection between the Statue of Liberty and immigration, pointing out that "the poem that you're referring to, that was added later, is not actually a part of the original Statue of Liberty."[78] Miller added that immigration has "ebbed and flowed" throughout American history and asked how many immigrants the U.S. had to accept annually to "meet Jim Acosta's definition of the Statue of Liberty law of the land."[79]

In covering these comments, multiple publications noted that the distinction Miller made between the Statue of Liberty and Lazarus's poem has been a popular talking point among the white supremacist segments of the alt-right.[78][80][81] The Washington Post's Michelle Ye Hee Lee stated that "Neither got it quite right about the Statue of Liberty ... While the poem itself was not a part of the original statue, it actually was commissioned in 1883 to help raise funds for the pedestal" and "gave another layer of meaning to the statue beyond its abolitionist message."[79]

References

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  54. ^ "Compact for Migration," United Nations website
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  63. ^ Davis, Julie Hirschfeld (January 19, 2019). "In Trump’s Immigration Announcement, a Compromise Snubbed All Around". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 20, 2019.
  64. ^ "DHS Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen speaks for first time since resignation announcement". CBS News.
  65. ^ Timmons, Heather; Timmons, Heather. "Trump's anti-immigration zealot Stephen Miller is behind the purge at Homeland Security". Quartz. Retrieved May 19, 2019.
  66. ^ "Report: Washington Examiner was used to undermine DHS boss Kirstjen Nielsen". The Washington Post. 2019.
  67. ^ "Rep. Ilhan Omar called Stephen Miller a 'white nationalist.' GOP critics accused her of anti-Semitism". The Washington Post.
  68. ^ "A Guide To Donald Trump's Relationship With Alex Jones". Media Matters. May 7, 2016.[better source needed]
  69. ^ Blake, Aaron (February 13, 2017). "Stephen Miller's authoritarian declaration: Trump's national security actions 'will not be questioned'". The Fix. The Washington Post (Blog). Washington DC: Nash Holdings LLC. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
  70. ^ Redden, Molly (February 12, 2017). "Trump powers 'will not be questioned' on immigration, senior official says". The Guardian. London, England: Guardian Media Group. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
  71. ^ Chiacu, Doina; Harte, Julia (February 12, 2017). "White House official attacks court after legal setbacks on immigration". Reuters. Retrieved June 27, 2018.
  72. ^ Manchester, Julia. "Dramatic exchange between White House's Miller, CNN's Tapper debated online". The Hill Briefing Room blog. Retrieved January 7, 2018.
  73. ^ Kullgren, Ian (January 7, 2018). "White House adviser Stephen Miller unloads on CNN". Politico. Retrieved January 7, 2018. White House senior policy adviser Stephen Miller unloaded on CNN host Jake Tapper on Sunday — trashing Michael Wolff as a "garbage author of a garbage book," calling Steve Bannon an "angry and vindictive person" and accusing CNN of "sticking knives" into President Donald Trump's allies.
  74. ^ Hart, Benjamin (January 7, 2018). "Jake Tapper Cuts Off Stephen Miller After Deeply Strange Interview". New York magazine Daily Intelligencer blog. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
  75. ^ Lopez, Linette (January 7, 2018). "Stephen Miller had to be escorted off CNN's set after his interview with Jake Tapper went off the rails". Business Insider. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
  76. ^ Howard, Alex (February 17, 2019). "'Answer my question': Fox anchor grills defiant Stephen Miller on Trump's national emergency". The Washington Post.
  77. ^ Segarra, Lisa (August 7, 2017). "Find Out If President Trump Would Let You Immigrate to America". Time.
  78. ^ a b c Swenson, Kyle (August 3, 2017). "Acosta vs. Miller: A lurking ideological conflict about the Statue of Liberty". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 12, 2017. And Miller is right about the poem. New Colossus was not part of the original statue built by the French and given to the American people as a gift to celebrate the country's centennial. Poet Emma Lazarus was asked to compose the poem in 1883 as part of a fundraising effort to build the statue's base. ... Lazarus's words infused the gracious monument with an immigration message—regardless of what the original statue was meant to represent. That additional meaning riles up a particular slice of the right.
  79. ^ a b Lee, Michelle Ye Hee (August 8, 2017). "Fact-checking the Stephen Miller-Jim Acosta exchange on immigration". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
  80. ^ Italie, Hillel (August 3, 2017). "Miller Comments on Lazarus Poem Echo Far-Right Opinions". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
  81. ^ LeTourneau, Nancy (August 4, 2017). "Stephen Miller's Dog Whistles to White Nationalists". Washington Monthly. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
Political offices
Preceded by Senior Advisor to the President
2017–present
With: Jared Kushner 		Incumbent
Preceded by
Preceded by
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