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Red Sonja

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This article is about Marvel Comics character. For other uses, see Red Sonja (disambiguation).
Red Sonja
Textless cover of Red Sonja #16 (July 2015).
Art by Ed Benes.
Publication information
PublisherMarvel Comics (1973–1986)
Dynamite Entertainment (2005–present)
First appearanceConan the Barbarian #23 (February 1973)
Created byRoy Thomas
Barry Windsor-Smith
In-story information
Notable aliasesMary Jane Watson[1][2]
AbilitiesA sword-master in peak human physical condition, martial arts expert, as well as experience in fighting the supernatural.

Red Sonja is a fictional sword and sorcery comic-book superheroine[3] created by writer Roy Thomas and artist Barry Windsor-Smith for Marvel Comics in 1973, partially based on Robert E. Howard's characters Red Sonya of Rogatino and Dark Agnes de Chastillon.

Marvel Comics published stories featuring Red Sonja until 1986, and returned to the character for a one-shot story in 1995. In 2005, Dynamite Entertainment began publishing stories of the heroine, during which the original Sonja was killed and replaced by a "reincarnation". The series was rebooted by writer Gail Simone in 2013, telling an altered version of Red Sonja's early life story via flashbacks. Subsequent writers of Red Sonja have included Amy Chu, Mark Russell, Luke Lieberman, Jimmy Palmiotti, and Amanda Conner, among others.

Red Sonja has appeared in numerous titles, both as a solo protagonist and together with Conan, as well as in crossovers with characters from Marvel Comics and Dynamite Comics. A Red Sonja novel was published in the 1980s written by David C. Smith and Richard L. Tierney, and in 1985, a feature film starring Brigitte Nielsen in the title role, Red Sonja, was released.

Sonja's signature clothing is her bikini armor, consisting typically of scale mail. In 2011, Red Sonja was ranked 1st in Comics Buyer's Guide's "100 Sexiest Women in Comics" list.[4]

History

Marvel Comics (1973–1995)

Red Sonja was created by writer Roy Thomas and artist Barry Windsor-Smith for Marvel Comics in 1973, partially based on Robert E. Howard's character Red Sonya of Rogatino, a female swashbuckler from his 1934 short story "The Shadow of the Vulture", and to a certain degree also based on Howard's character Dark Agnes de Chastillon.[5]

Red Sonja debuted in Marvel's Conan the Barbarian #23 (1973).[6] Thomas created a new origin story and transposed the timeline from the 16th century of Howard's original Red Sonya to the Hyborian Age, another Howard creation, in order to have the comic-book Red Sonja interact with Conan the Barbarian. In 1975, Marvel Comics published the first issue of Red Sonja after the character headlined Marvel Feature for seven issues that same year.[7][8] Red Sonja's origin story was told in the story "The Day of the Sword", in Kull and the Barbarians #3 (1975), written by Roy Thomas and Doug Moench and illustrated by Howard Chaykin. The same story was later redrawn by Dick Giordano and Terry Austin in The Savage Sword of Conan #78 (July 1982).

In this version, Red Sonja lives with her family in a humble house in the Western Hyrkanian steppes. When she is 21, a group of mercenaries kills her family and burns down their house. Sonja attempts to defend herself, but cannot lift her brother's sword. She is raped by the leader of the group. Answering her cry for revenge, the red goddess Scáthach appears to her and gives her incredible fighting skills, on the condition that she never lie with a man unless he defeats her in fair combat.

Marvel's last published story featuring Red Sonja was the one-shot issue Red Sonja: Scavenger Hunt #1 (December 1995), written by Glenn Herdling and illustrated by Ken Lashley.[9]

Dynamite Comics (2005–present)

Dynamite Comics began publishing the series in 2005 and it ran for 80 issues. The original Sonja dies in issue #34 of the first Dynamite series. A new character of the same name, described as a reincarnation, takes her place from issue #35 onward.[10] A soft reboot took place from #50 using the same continuity as Marvel Comics.

At the 2013 Emerald City Comic Con, Dynamite Entertainment, which began publishing Red Sonja comics in 2005, announced that Gail Simone would be writing a new ongoing Red Sonja series with art from Walter Geovani.[11] Simone noted in interviews that her version was slightly "rebooted", showing the character's beginnings.[12] Issue #1 of Simone's run was released in July 2013 to positive reviews.[13] The series lasted 18 issues.[14] After Simone's run, Dynamite launched a new Red Sonja series in January 2016. The book featured Marguerite Bennett as writer, and a redesign of the main character by artist Nicola Scott.[15] That series lasted six issues.[16]

In 2017, a new Red Sonja comic series debuted by Amy Chu with art by Carlos Gomez.[17] The series ran for 25 issues, ending in 2019.[18]

In November 2019, a new series by writer Mark Russell and art by Mirko Colak debuted to positive critical reception,.[19][20] leading into a spinoff series called Killing Red Sonja.[21] Russell left the series after issue 24 and was replaced with writer Luke Lieberman with art by Drew Moss.[22] The run would end up with 28 issues.

In mid-2021, Dynamite released the anthology Red Sonja: Black, White, Red. Each issue presents stories by different teams of artists and writers, including Kurt Busiek, Benjamin Dewey, Amanda Deibert, Cat Staggs, Mark Russell, and Bob Q.[23]

In February 2021, Dynamite released a series called Sonjaversal depicting Red Sonja meeting various different versions of herself cross the multiverse. A spinoff called Hell Sonja has been announced.[24][25] That same month, Amanda Conner and Jimmy Palmiotti co-wrote the series Invincible Red Sonja with artist Moritat.[26]

In June 2021, the character appeared in Die!namite and Die!namite Lives.[27] That same month, Dynamite Entertainment announced that a new series written by Mirka Andolfo and drawn by Giuseppe Cafaro would debut in September 2021.[28] The first issue sold out its initial run of 32,000 copies, prompting a second printing.[29][30]

Depiction of sexuality

Bikini armor

Cosplayer Mandy Caruso at the 2011 New York Comic Con dressed as Red Sonja

Most artists depict Red Sonja wearing a very brief "chainmail bikini" costume of scale armor, usually with boots and gauntlets. As originally drawn by Barry Windsor-Smith for "The Shadow of the Vulture" and "The Song of Red Sonja" in Conan the Barbarian issues 23 and 24 (1973), she did not have as full a figure and dressed a little more conservatively, in a long-sleeved mail shirt and short pants of red silk, a style that did not last long.[citation needed]

As told by Roy Thomas in the introduction of Red Sonja Adventures Volume 1 (Dynamite Entertainment) Spanish artist Esteban Maroto submitted an uncommissioned illustration to him when he was editing the magazine Savage Sword of Conan where he redesigned the character and for the first time showed her wearing what would become her famous costume, the silver "metal bikini", which resembled other fantasy costumes that other Maroto heroines sported in the 1970s. This illustration had been printed for the first time in Jim Steranko's magazine Comixscene #5 in black and white. It was reprinted in Savage Sword of Conan #1, and in Marvel Treasury Edition #15 colored but poorly reproduced, and finally restored and colored by José Villarrubia as an alternative cover for the Dynamite Entertainment edition of Red Sonja #2. Maroto drew her in this costume for a double page spread illustration in Savage Tales #3 and then for her first solo adventure in Savage Sword of Conan #1, and John Buscema drew her in this costume in the same magazine. Buscema drew her again in this costume in issues 43, 44 and 48 of Conan the Barbarian (1974) and Dick Giordano in the first issue of Marvel Feature vol. 2 (Nov. 1975) before Frank Thorne took over from issue #2 (Jan. 1976).

Bisexuality

In 2016, author Gail Simone indicated that Sonja was bisexual in her run.[31] In 2020, the series Red Sonja: The Price of Blood by writer Luke Lieberman and artist Walter Geovani corroborated this, depicting Sonja as having slept with a woman.[32]

Comics bibliography

As a main character

PUBLICATION PUBLISHER WRITER ARTIST COLLECTED EDITION

*=not collected

Marvel Feature (1975) 1-7 Marvel Comics Roy Thomas, Bruce Jones Frank Thorne, Esteban Maroto,

Neal Adams, Dick Giordano

Adventures of Red Sonja Volume 1[33]
Red Sonja (Vol. 1) (1977) 1-15 Marvel Comics Roy Thomas Frank Thorne, John Buscema Adventures of Red Sonja Volume 2[34]

Adventures of Red Sonja Volume 3[35]

Red Sonja (Vol. 2) (1983) 1–2 Marvel Comics Christie Marx, Roy Thomas Tony DeZuniga, Ernie Colon,

Alan Kupperberg

*
Red Sonja (Vol. 3) (1983) 1–13 Marvel Comics Tom DeFalco, Bill Mantlo, Louise Simonson Dave Simons, May Wilshire,

Pat Broderick, Rudy Nebres

*
Red Sonja: The Movie (1985) 1–2 Marvel Comics Louise Simonson, Mary Wilshire Mary Wilshire *
Red Sonja: Scavenger Hunt (1995) Marvel Comics Glenn Herdling Ken Lashley *
Red Sonja 3-D (1998) Blackthorne David Cody Weiss, Bobbi JG Weiss Aaron Lopresti *
Red Sonja: Death in Scarlet (1999) Cross Plains Roy Thomas Steve Lightle *
Red Sonja vs. Thulsa Doom (2005) 1-4 Dynamite Entertainment Luke Lieberman, Peter David Will Conrad Red Sonja vs. Thulsa Doom[36]
Red Sonja: She Devil With a Sword (2005) 0-80 Dynamite Entertainment Mike Carey, Michael Avon Oeming Mel Rubi Red Sonja: She-Devil With a Sword, Vol. 1[37]

Red Sonja: She-Devil With a Sword, Vol. 2: Arrowsmith[38]

Red Sonja: She-Devil With a Sword, Vol. 3: The Rise of Kulan Gath[39]

Red Sonja: She-Devil With a Sword, Vol. 4: Animals & More[40]

Red Sonja: She-Devil With a Sword, Vol. 5: World on Fire[41]

Red Sonja: She-Devil With a Sword, Vol. 6: Death[42]

Red Sonja: She-Devil With a Sword, Vol. 7: Born Again[43]

Red Sonja: She-Devil With a Sword, Vol. 8: Blood Dynasty

Red Sonja: She-Devil With a Sword, Vol. 9: War Season

Red Sonja: She-Devil With a Sword, Vol. 10: Machines of Empire

Red Sonja: She-Devil With a Sword, Vol. 11: Echoes of War

Red Sonja: She-Devil With a Sword, Vol. 12: Swords Against the Jade Kingdom

Red Sonja: She-Devil With a Sword, Vol. 13: The Long March Home

Red Sonja: She-devil with a Sword Omnibus Volume 1

Red Sonja: She-devil with a Sword Omnibus Volume 2

Red Sonja: She-devil with a Sword Omnibus Volume 3

Red Sonja: She-devil with a Sword Omnibus Volume 4

Red Sonja: She-devil with a Sword Omnibus Volume 5

Red Sonja: She Devil With a Sword Annual (2005) 1-4 Dynamite Entertainment Red Sonja Travels Volume 2[44]
Red Sonja/Claw (2006) 1-4 Dynamite Entertainment John Layman Andy Smith Red Sonja/Claw: Devil's Hands[45]
Red Sonja: One More Day (2006) Dynamite Entertainment Red Sonja Travels Volume 1[46]
Red Sonja: Monster Isle (2006) Dynamite Entertainment Red Sonja Travels Volume 1
Red Sonja Goes East (2006) Dynamite Entertainment Red Sonja Travels Volume 1
Savage Red Sonja: Queen of the Frozen Wastes (2006) 1-4 Dynamite Entertainment Frank Cho, Doug Murray Homs Savage Red Sonja: Queen of the Frozen Wastes[47]
Spider-Man/Red Sonja (2007) 1-5 Dynamite Entertainment Michale Avon Oeming Mel Rubi Spider-Man/Red Sonja
Sword of Red Sonja: Doom of the Gods (2007) 1-4 Dynamite Entertainment Luke Lieberman Lui Antonio Sword of Red Sonja: Doom of the Gods[48]
Giant Size Red Sonja (2007) 1-2 Dynamite Entertainment Red Sonja Travels Volume 2
Red Sonja: Vacant Shell (2007) Dynamite Entertainment Red Sonja Travels Volume 1
Savage Tales (2007) 1-5, 7-8, 10 Dynamite Entertainment Savage Tales Of Red Sonja[49]
Giant Size Red Sonja (2007) 1-2 Dynamite Entertainment Savage Tales Of Red Sonja
Queen Sonja (2009) 1–35 Dynamite Entertainment Queen Sonja Volume 1

Queen Sonja Volume 2: The Red Queen

Queen Sonja Volume 3: Coming of Age

Queen Sonja Volume 4: Son of Set

Queen Sonja Volume 5: Ascendency

Queen Sonja Volume 6: Heavy is the Crown

Queen Sonja Omnibus Volume 1[50]

Red Sonja: Wrath of the Gods (2010) 1-4 Dynamite Entertainment Luke Lieberman, Ethan Ryker Walter Geovani Red Sonja: Wrath of the Gods
Red Sonja: Deluge (2010) Dynamite Entertainment Red Sonja Travels Volume 2
Red Sonja: Revenge of the Gods (2011) 1-5 Dynamite Entertainment Luke Lieberman Daniel Sampere Red Sonja: Revenge of the Gods
Red Sonja: Break the Skin (2011) Dynamite Entertainment Red Sonja Travels Volume 2
Red Sonja: Blue (2011) Dynamite Entertainment Peter Brett Walter Geovani Red Sonja: Unchained
Prophecy (2012) 1-7 Dynamite Entertainment Ron Marz Walter Geovani Prophecy
Red Sonja: Atlantis Rises (2012) 1-4 Dynamite Entertainment Luke Lieberman Max Dunbar Red Sonja: Atlantis Rises
Red Sonja: Raven (2012) Dynamite Entertainment Red Sonja Travels Volume 2
Witchblade/Red Sonja (2012) Dynamite Entertainment Doug Wagner Cezar Razek Witchblade/Red Sonja
Legends of Red Sonja (2013) 1-5 Dynamite Entertainment Gail Simone, various Various Legends of Red Sonja
Red Sonja: Unchained (2013) 1-4 Dynamite Entertainment Peter V. Brett Jack Jadson Red Sonja: Unchained
Red Sonja (Vol. 2) (2013) 0-18 Dynamite Entertainment Gail Simone Walter Geovani Red Sonja Volume 1: Queen of Plagues

Red Sonja Volume 2: The Art of Blood and Fire

Red Sonja Volume 3: The Forgiving of Monsters

The Complete Gail Simone Red Sonja Omnibus

Conan/Red Sonja (2014) 1-4 Dynamite Entertainment Gail Simone, Jim Zub Dan Panosian Conan/Red Sonja
Li'l Sonja (2014) Dynamite Entertainment Jim Zub Joel Carroll
Red Sonja #100 (2015) Dynamite Entertainment Gail Simone, Roy Thomas, Luke Lieberman, Eric Trautmann, Michael Avon Oeming Sergio Davila, Pablo Marcos, Dave Acosta, Taki Soma, Noah Salonga
Red Sonja/Conan (2015) 1-4 Dynamite Entertainment Victor Gischler Roberto Castro Red Sonja/Conan
Red Sonja: Black Tower (2014) Dynamite Entertainment Frank Tieri Cezar Razek Red Sonja: Black Tower
Red Sonja: Sanctuary (2014) Dynamite Entertainment Red Sonja Travels Volume 2
Red Sonja and Cub (2014) Dynamite Entertainment Red Sonja Travels Volume 2
Red Sonja: Berserker (2014) Dynamite Entertainment Red Sonja Travels Volume 2
Swords of Sorrow (2015) 1-6 Dynamite Entertainment Swords of Sorrow
Swords of Sorrow: Red Sonja/Jungle Girl (2015) 1–3 Dynamite Entertainment Swords of Sorrow: Red Sonja/Jungle Girl
Legenderry: A Steampunk Adventure 1-7 Dynamite Entertainment Bill Willingham Sergio Fernandez Davila, Legenderry: A Steampunk Adventure
Legenderry Red Sonja (2015) 1–5 Dynamite Entertainment Marc Andreyko Aneke Legenderry Red Sonja: A Steampunk Adventure Vol. 1[51]
Red Sonja: 1973 (2015) Dynamite Entertainment Cullen Bunn, Eric Trautmann, Roy Thomas, Luke Lieberman, Gail Simone Dave Acosta, Rich Buckler
Altered States: Red Sonja (2015) Dynamite Entertainment Brandon Jerwa Juanan Ramirez
Pathfinder: Worldscape (2016) 1-6 Dynamite Entertainment Erik Mona Jonathan Lau Pathfinder: Worldscape[52]
Pathfinder: Worldscape: Red Sonja (2017) Dynamite Entertainment Erik Mona Tom Mandrake, Matt Gaudio
Red Sonja (Vol. 3) (2016) 1–6 Dynamite Entertainment Marguerite Bennett Aneke Red Sonja: The Falcon Throne[53]
Red Sonja: Vulture's Circle (2014) 1-5 Dynamite Entertainment Nancy A. Collins, Luke Lieberman Fritz Casas Red Sonja: Vulture's Circle[54]
Red Sonja (Vol. 4) (2016) 0-25 Dynamite Entertainment Amy Chu Carlos Gomez Red Sonja: Worlds Away Volume 1[55]

Red Sonja: Worlds Away Volume 2[56]

Red Sonja: Worlds Away Volume 3[57]

Red Sonja: Worlds Away Volume 4[58]

Red Sonja: Worlds Away Volume 5[59]

Red Sonja: Long Walk to Oblivion (2017) Dynamite Entertainment Amy Chu, Erik Burnham Carlos Gomez, Tom Mandrake Red Sonja: Worlds Away Volume 2
Legenderry Red Sonja (Vol. 2) (2018) 1–5 Dynamite Entertainment Marc Andreyko Igor Lima Legenderry Red Sonja: A Steampunk Adventure Vol. 2[60]
Red Sonja/Tarzan (2018) 1-6 Dynamite Entertainment Gail Simone Walter Geovani Red Sonja/Tarzan[61]
Red Sonja: Halloween Special (2018) Dynamite Entertainment Various Various
Red Sonja: Holiday Special (2018) Dynamite Entertainment Amy Chu, Roy Thomas Ricardo Jamie, Frank Thorne
Red Sonja: The Ballad of the Red Goddess (2018) Dynamite Entertainment Roy Thomas Esteban Maroto, Santi Casas
Red Sonja and Vampirella meet Betty and Veronica (2019) 1-12 Dynamite Entertainment Amy Chu Maria Sanapo Red Sonja and Vampirella Meet Betty and Veronica Vol. 1[62]

Red Sonja and Vampirella Meet Betty and Veronica Vol. 2[63]

Red Sonja (Vol. 5) (2019) 1-28 Dynamite Entertainment Mark Russell, Luke Lieberman Bob Quinn, Alessandro Miracolo, Drew Moss Red Sonja Vol. 1: Scorched Earth[64]

Red Sonja Vol. 2: The Queen's Gambit[65]

Red Sonja Vol. 3: Children's Crusade[66]

Red Sonja Vol. 4: Angel of Death[67]

Red Sonja: Lord of Fools (2019) Dynamite Entertainment Mark Russell Bob Q, Katie O'Meara
Red Sonja: Humble Bundle Dynamite Entertainment Bryce Ingman Craig Rousseau
Vampirella/Red Sonja (2019) 1-12 Dynamite Entertainment Jordie Bellaire Drew Moss Vampirella/Red Sonja Vol.1: These Dark Synchronicities[68]

Vampirella/Red Sonja Vol.2[69]

Red Sonja: Birth of the She-Devil (2019) 1-4 Dynamite Entertainment Luke Lieberman Sergio Fernandez Davila Red Sonja: Birth of the She-Devil[70]
Savage Tales: Halloween Special (2019) Dynamite Entertainment Mark Russell Jacob Edgar
Red Sonja: Age of Chaos (2020) 1-6 Dynamite Entertainment Erik Burnham Jonathan Lau Red Sonja: Age of Chaos [71]
Killing Red Sonja (2020) 1-5 Dynamite Entertainment Mark Russell, Bryce Ingman Craig Rousseau Killing Red Sonja[72]
Mars Attacks: Red Sonja (2020) 1-5 Dynamite Entertainment John Layman Fran Strukan Mars Attacks: Red Sonja[73]
Red Sonja: The Price of Blood (2020) 1-4 Dynamite Entertainment Luke Lieberman Walter Geovani Red Sonja: The Price of Blood[74]
Red Sonja: The Super Powers (2021) 1-5 Dynamite Entertainment Dan Abnett Jonathan Lau Red Sonja: The Super Powers[75]
Red Sonja 1982 (2021) Dynamite Entertainment Amy Chu Eric Blake *
Red Sonja: Valentine's Special (2021) Dynamite Entertainment Bill Willingham Giuseppe Cafaro
Red Sonja (Vol. 6) (2021) 1- present Dynamite Entertainment Mirka Andolfo Giuseppe Cafaro *
Red Sonja: 2021 Holiday Special Dynamite Entertainment Mirka Andolfo, Luca Blengino Zulema Lavina
Sonjaversal (2021) 1 - present Dynamite Entertainment Christopher Hastings Pasquale Qualano Sonjaversal Vol.1[76]
The Invincible Red Sonja (2021) 1 - present Dynamite Entertainment Jimmy Palmiotti, Amanda Conner Moritat *
Red Sonja: Black, White, Red (2021) 1 - present Dynamite Entertainment Various Various *
Die!namite (2020-2021) 1-5 Dynamite Entertainment Fred Van Lente Justin Mason & Vincenzo Carratu
Die!namite: Our Bloody Valentine (2021) Dynamite Entertainment Fred Van Lente Justin Mason
Die!namite Lives! (2021) 1-5 Dynamite Entertainment Fred Van Lente Vincenzo Carratu

In solo stories in anthologies

  • Conan the Barbarian, (Marvel Comics) (1970–1993).
    • Issue 48, "Episode!", Roy Thomas (w), John Buscema (p), Dick Giordano (i). (First solo story in color).
    • Issue 78, "Curse of the Undead-Man", Roy Thomas (w), John Buscema (a), Pablo Marcos (i). (Reprint from Savage Sword of Conan Issue 1).
  • Savage Sword of Conan, (Marvel Comics) (1974–1995).
  • Kull and the Barbarians (Marvel Comics) (1975).
    • Issue 2, "She-Devil with a Sword" Roy Thomas (w), Howard Chaykin (a).
    • Issue 3, "The Day of the Sword" Roy Thomas/Doug Moench (w), Howard Chaykin (a). (Origin story, first appearance of the Red Goddess. Also featured in the cover painted by Michael Whelan)
  • A Marvel Super Special (Marvel Comics) (1978).
    • Issue 9, "Day of the Red Judgement", Roy Thomas/ Christy Marx (w), Howard Chaykin (a). (Second appearance of the Red Goddess from origin story. Also featured in the cover painted by John Buscema)

Team-ups

  • With Spider-Man in Marvel Team-Up #79 (Marvel Comics) writer : Chris Claremont; Artist : John Byrne
  • With Spider-Man in Spider-Man/Red Sonja mini-series co-published by Dynamite Entertainment. Collected in the Spider-Man/Red Sonja TPB (ISBN 978-0-78-512744-4) collects Spider-Man/Red Sonja (2007) #1 – 5 (Oct. 2007 – Feb. 2008) and Marvel Team-Up (1972 – 1985 1st Series) #79 (March 1979).
  • Wolverine in What if? Vol. 2, #16 (Marvel Comics) (Sonja is defeated by Wolverine and becomes his mate).
  • Official Handbook of the Conan Universe #1 (Marvel Comics) (1986).
  • Marvel Feature #4 was reprinted in the book The Superhero Women edited by Stan Lee. Red Sonja was featured among many of Marvel's female characters on the cover painted by John Romita, Sr.

Team-ups with Conan

  • Conan the Barbarian, (Marvel Comics) (1970–1993).
    • Issue 23, "The Shadow of the Vulture", Roy Thomas (w), Barry Smith (a), John Buscema/Akins/Stone (i). (First appearance in a Conan comic publication).
    • Issue 24, "Song of Red Sonja", Roy Thomas (w), Barry Smith (a).
    • Issue 43, "Tower of Blood", Roy Thomas (w), John Buscema/Ernie Chua (i).
    • Issue 44, "The Fiend and the Flame", Roy Thomas (w), John Buscema/The Crusty Bunkers (a).
    • Issue 67, "Talons of the Man-Tiger", Roy Thomas (w), John Buscema (i).
    • Issue 68, "Of Once and Future Kings", Roy Thomas (w), John Buscema (i).
    • Issue 115, "A War of Wizards", Roy Thomas (w), John Buscema/Ernie Chan (i).
    • Issue 195, "Blood of Ages", James Owsley/Val Semeiks (w), Geof Isherwood (f).
    • Issue 196, "The Beast", James Owsley/Val Semeiks (w), Geof Isherwood (f).
    • Issue 197, "Stand", James Owsley/Val Semeiks (w), Geof Isherwood (f).
    • Issue 198, "The River", James Owsley/Val Semeiks (w), Geof Isherwood (f).
    • Issue 199, "Revelation in the Mists", James Owsley/Val Semeiks (w), Geof Isherwood (f).
    • Issue 200, "The Fall of Acheron", James Owsley/Val Semeiks (w), Geof Isherwood(f).
    • Issue 204, "Goblin", James Owsley/Val Semeiks (w), Vince Colletta (f).
    • Issue 205, "Necropolis", James Owsley/Val Semeiks (w), Alfredo Alcala (f).
    • Issue 241–3, "The Sorcerer and the She-Devil", Roy Thomas (w), Mike DeCarlo (i).
    • Issue 244, "Fiends of the Flaming Mountain", Roy Thomas (w), Mike DeCarlo (i).
    • Issue 245, "Empire of the Undead", Roy Thomas (w), Mike DeCarlo (i).
    • Issue 246, "Chaos in Khoraja", Roy Thomas (w), Mike DeCarlo (i).
    • Issue 247, "The Sword that Conquers All", Roy Thomas (w), Mike DeCarlo (i).
    • Issue 248, "The Peril and the Prophecy", Roy Thomas (w), Talaoc/Ernie Chan (i).
    • Issue 249, "Red Wind", Roy Thomas (w), Ernie Chan (i).
    • Issue 250, "Chaos Beneath Kuthchemes", Roy Thomas (w), Ernie Chan (i).
  • Conan the Barbarian Annual (Marvel Comics) (1987).
    • Issue 12, "Legion of the Dead", James Owsley/Val Semeiks (w), Ernie Chan (a).
  • Savage Sword of Conan, (Marvel Comics) (1974–1995).
    • Issue 82, "Song of Red Sonja", Roy Thomas (w), Barry Smith (a). (Reprint from Conan the Barbarian Issue 24).
    • Issue 144, "The Waiting Doom", Charles Dixon (w), Ernie Chan (i).
    • Issue 145, "Feast of the Stag", Charles Dixon (w), Geof Isherwood (f).
    • Issue 153, "Phantasm", James Owsley (w), Luke McDonnell (p) Armando Gil (i).
    • Issue 170, "Emerald Lust", Charles Dixon (w), Gary Kwapisz (i).
    • Issue 179, "Fury of the Iron Damsels", Charles Dixon (w), Gary Kwapisz (i).
    • Issue 223, "The Many Mirrors of Tuzun Thune", Roy Thomas (W), Mike Docherty (p) (Sequel to Ravagers Out of Time graphic novel)
    • Issue 224, "Dragons of a World's Dawn", Roy Thomas (w), E.R. Cruz (i).
    • Issue 226, "Of Kings and Cataclysms", Roy Thomas (w), E.R. Cruz (i); "Days of the World Ending", Roy Thomas (w), E.R. Cruz (i); "Back from the Time Abyss", Roy Thomas (w), E.R. Cruz (i).
  1. Issue 230, "Shall Python Fall?", Roy Thomas (w), E.R. Cruz (i).
  2. Issue 231, "A Remembrance of Fires Past", Roy Thomas (w), E.R. Cruz (i).
  3. Issue 232, "Reflections of Evil", Roy Thomas (w), E.R. Cruz (i).
  4. Issue 233, "Here Be Monsters", Roy Thomas (w), Geof Isherwood (i).
  • Marvel Graphic Novels (1992).
  • Conan – The Ravagers Out of Time, Roy Thomas (w), Alfredo Alcala (i).
  • Conan the King (Marvel Comics) (1985).
    • Issue 28, "Call of the Wild."
  • Conan the Savage (Marvel Comics) (1996).
    • Issue 9, "City Under Siege", Chuck Dixon (w).
  • Sonja and Conan team-up in the crossover Conan/Red Sonja and again in Red Sonja/Conan.[77][78][79]

In other media

Novels

Sonja has been featured in several novels by David C. Smith and Richard L. Tierney with covers by Boris Vallejo:

  • #1 The Ring of Ikribu (Ace 1981) (Adapted to comics by Roy Thomas and Esteban Maroto in The Savage Sword of Conan issues 230–3). Smith has written an unproduced screenplay based on this novel.
  • #2 Demon Night (Ace 1982)
  • #3 When Hell Laughs (Ace 1982)
  • #4 Endithor's Daughter (Ace 1982)
  • #5 Against the Prince of Hell (Ace 1983)
  • #6 Star of Doom (Ace 1983)

Television

Angelica Bridges portrayed the character in the "Red Sonja" episode of the 1997–1998 TV series Conan the Adventurer. In 1999, there was a planned TV series with Sable starring as Red Sonja.[80]

Film Adaptations

The character was played by Brigitte Nielsen in the 1985 film Red Sonja, which also starred Arnold Schwarzenegger as High Lord Kalidor (originally intended to be Conan). The film was directed by Richard Fleischer.

Misty Lee provided the character's voice in the 2016 animated film Red Sonja: Queen of Plagues.

Actress Rose McGowan was originally intended to portray Sonja in 2010's Red Sonja film, but these plans were abandoned after McGowan suffered injuries that permanently damaged the mobility and strength of her right arm.[81] In a February 2011 interview, film producer Avi Lerner stated that Simon West was hired to direct the film and also mentioned Amber Heard as the frontrunner to star in the lead role.[82] On February 26, 2015, Christopher Cosmos was hired to write the film's script.[83] Filmmaker Mike Le Han has made a video for his pitch of him directing Red Sonja.[84]

In 2017, Millennium Films announced a new Red Sonja movie, with Avi Lerner and Joe Gatta producing along with Cinelou Films' Mark Canton and Courtney Solomon and writing by Ashley Miller.[85][86] In October 2018, Bryan Singer was confirmed to direct the film.[87] In February 2019, following allegations against Singer of sexual assault, Millennium stated Red Sonja was no longer on their slate of films,[88] and Singer was fired from the production the next month.[89] On June 21, 2019, three months after Singer was removed as director, The Hollywood Reporter reported that Joey Soloway had been hired to write and direct the film.[90] On February 26, 2021, the same publication announced that Tasha Huo was selected to write the film.[91] On May 5, 2021, the same publication announced that Hannah John-Kamen was cast as the titular character.[92] On June 3, 2021, The Illuminerdi reported that Sacha Baron Cohen was cast as Kulan Gath, a character from the Conan the Barbarian Marvel comics and in the Red Sonja Dynamite comics.[93][94] The movie is scheduled to begin filming in 2022.[95]

Role-playing games

Red Sonja is featured in the Dungeons & Dragons module Red Sonja Unconquered.

Awards

  • 1973 Academy of Comic Book Arts Awards: Best Individual Story (Dramatic). The Song of Red Sonja. Written by Roy Thomas and pencilled, inked and colored by Barry Smith. The story first appeared in Conan the Barbarian issue 24 (March 1972), in which two panels were censored by John Romita, Sr.[citation needed] The uncensored story was reprinted in Marvel Treasury Edition, Volume 1, No. 15, 1977, where it was recolored by Glynis Wein and the artwork was slightly cropped to fit the page format.

Legal issues

On June 6, 2006, the comic news site Newsarama reported that Red Sonja, LLC (which holds rights to the Roy Thomas version of the character, created in 1973)[96] filed a lawsuit on four counts against Paradox Entertainment (which claims rights to Red Sonya as part of the Howard library) in US Federal Court in April 2006. The four counts were claims of copyright infringement, trademark infringement, trademark dilution, and unfair competition.[97] The lawsuit was settled in January 2008, on the second day of the hearing, for a sum of $1 each. Red Sonja LLC paid $1 to Paradox for the rights to Howard's Red Sonya and permission for the Red Sonja stories to continue being set in Conan's Hyborian Age. Paradox simultaneously paid $1 to Red Sonja LLC for the exclusive print-publication rights for "The Shadow of the Vulture" now that one of the characters belongs to Red Sonja LLC.[98]

References

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External links

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