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Vinland Saga (manga)

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Vinland Saga
First tankōbon volume cover (Afternoon edition), featuring Thorfinn
ヴィンランド・サガ
(Vinrando Saga)
Genre
Manga
Written byMakoto Yukimura
Published byKodansha
English publisher
Imprint
  • Shōnen Magazine Comics
  • (former)
  • Afternoon KC
  • (current)
Magazine
DemographicShōnen, seinen
Original runApril 13, 2005 – present
Volumes26 (List of volumes)
Anime television series
Directed byShūhei Yabuta
Produced by
  • Naokado Fujiwara
  • Yōko Ueda (S1)
  • Mitsuhiro Sugita (S1)
  • Hitoshi Matsumoto (S2)
  • Masae Yamato (S2)
  • Akira Yonezawa (S2)
Written by
Music byYutaka Yamada
Studio
Licensed by
Original network
Original run July 7, 2019 – present
Episodes47 (List of episodes)
icon Anime and manga portal

Vinland Saga (Japanese: ヴィンランド・サガ, Hepburn: Vinrando Saga) is a Japanese historical manga series written and illustrated by Makoto Yukimura. The series is published by Kodansha, and was first serialized in the boys-targeted manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Magazine before moving to the monthly manga magazine Monthly Afternoon, aimed at young adult men. As of May 2022, its chapters have been collected in 26 tankōbon volumes. Vinland Saga has been licensed for English-language publication by Kodansha USA.

The title, Vinland Saga, evokes associations to Vinland as described in two Norse sagas. Vinland Saga, however, begins in Dane-controlled England at the start of the 11th century, and features the Danish invaders of England, commonly known as Vikings. The story combines a dramatization of King Cnut the Great's historical rise to power with a revenge plot centered on the historical explorer Thorfinn, the son of a murdered ex-warrior who serves under a group of mercenaries responsible for the deed.

A 24-episode anime television series adaptation, animated by Wit Studio, aired on NHK General TV from July to December 2019. A second season, animated by MAPPA, premiered on Tokyo MX and BS11 in January 2023.

By August 2022, Vinland Saga had over 7 million copies in circulation. The series won the Grand Prize of the 13th Japan Media Arts Festival in 2009 and the 36th Kodansha Manga Award for Best General Manga in 2012. The anime adaptation was widely praised, with several critics calling it one of the best anime series of 2019.

Synopsis

Setting

Vinland Saga is initially set mostly in England in 1013 AD, which has been mostly conquered by the Danish King Sweyn Forkbeard. As King Sweyn nears death, his sons, Prince Harald and Prince Canute, argue over his succession. The story draws elements from historical accounts of the period, such as The Flateyjarbók, The Saga of the Greenlanders, and The Saga of Erik the Red.[5][6]

Plot

Main article: List of Vinland Saga characters

In 1013 AD, the young Thorfinn works for Askeladd in the hopes of challenging him to a duel and killing him in revenge for his father Thors' death, when they were attacked by him on a journey to England. Askeladd's company finds employment as mercenaries under King Sweyn in the Danish invasion of London by the British and Thorkell the Tall, Thorfinn's uncle who served with Thors in the Jomsvikings. When Thorkell takes Sweyn's son Prince Canute captive, Askeladd's company capture the prince with the intent of selling him to either side for a profit. Askeladd changes his plan to act on his personal agenda as a descendant of Artorius, to secure his mother's homeland of Wales from being invaded. Askeladd is ultimately forced to sacrifice himself by killing Sweyn during an audience when the king announces his plan to invade Wales, feigning madness as Canute kills him, so the Prince could take over Dane-occupied England without question. Thorfinn tries to assassinate King Canute, leaving him with a scar, and is subsequently sentenced to a life of enslavement by a sympathetic King Canute.

One year after Askeladd's death, Thorfinn works on a farm owned by Ketil, a rich farmer who treats slaves well. He later befriends another slave named Einar. With the help of Einar, the farm's head of security Snake, and Ketil's father Sverker, Thorfinn learns to let go of his dark past and is encouraged by dreams of his father and Askeladd to pursue a life of peace, away from the Vikings' violent lifestyle. Canute has become both King of England and Denmark after poisoning his brother Harald, and begins a campaign with Ketil's farm, tricking Ketil's sons Thorgil and Olmar into justifying the seizure, with Ketil's men easily defeated by Canute's Jomsvikings. Thorfinn confronts Canute to convince him to spare the farmers. Upon witnessing Thorfinn's transformation into a pacifist, Canute relinquishes his claim to the farm. Thorfinn and Einar are subsequently released from their enslavement, and they depart with Leif Erikson, an old friend of Thorfinn's late father Thors, to sail back to Iceland.

After being reunited with his family, Thorfinn shares his plans to settle in Vinland and create a new life of peace. To finance their journey, Thorfinn, Leif, Einar, and Leif's adopted son, Thorfinn "Bug-Eyes," devise a plan to travel to Greece and sell narwhal horns. Thorfinn's crew is later joined by Gudrid, an Icelandic girl fleeing an unwanted marriage, Karli, a baby boy the crew find orphaned on the Faroe Islands alongside a dog, and Hild, the daughter of an inventor with a grudge against Thorfinn. After attempting to fight a group of Jomsvikings, the group are captured and end up in service under Thorkell. Thorfinn recommences his journey with his crew, drawing away the assassins around a set of islands while the rest of the crew escape toward Odense. Two spies among them take Thorfinn and Hild to meet Captain Vagn, the leader of a rebel camp of Jomsvikings who seek to usurp power from Floki before it goes into the hands of Floki's grandson Baldr. The surviving men of Vagn's camp swear allegiance to Thorkell, who promises revenge against Floki for using Garm as an assassin. A series of battles erupt between Thorkell and Floki's forces at Jomsburg. Thorkell's army defeats Floki and captures him and Baldr, who was earlier revealed to be Thorfinn's cousin. Thorfinn is temporarily made leader of the Jomsvikings, and carries out orders from Canute to disband the Jomsvikings and spare Floki and Baldr from execution.

Two years later, Thorfinn's crew returns to Iceland with the wealth they acquired from selling narwhal horns. Thorfinn and Gudrid marry and raise Karli as their son. With the resources promised by Halfdan, Thorfinn begins to assemble a crew to settle in Vinland. Thorfinn creates a peaceful haven where weapons are no longer necessary by clearing a portion of the forest and successfully cultivating wheat. Additionally, he and his companions are able to negotiate a peaceful relationship with the native Beothuk, who come to see them as tranquil settlers.

Production

Author Makoto Yukimura

Makoto Yukimura began serializing Vinland Saga in April 2005 in Kodansha's Weekly Shōnen Magazine, where it ran until October 2005. After a two-month hiatus, it resumed serialization late December 2005 in the seinen magazine Monthly Afternoon, also owned by Kodansha. This switch was caused by Yukimura, who found he could not keep up a long-term weekly production schedule.[7] He sometimes works 18 hours as one of his techniques requires a lot of time. He stated that he creates and submits one page each day to the publisher. He also states how tens of thousands of people wish to work creating manga and the competition results in high-quality manga.[8] When he first started drawing, Yukimura expected the series to take 10 years to finish, but later gave an estimate of 14 years. He had calculated that there would be 20 volumes, with each part consisting of four volumes, with five volumes each; this amount later increased to over 22 volumes. From the beginning of the serialization, Yukimura was at a loss, wondering when he could write the actual arc of Vinland. Because he often had problems with handling the story, Yukimura looked to Hajime Isayama's work on Attack on Titan due to Isayama's ability to handle the entire plot until the end, especially since its 20th volume.[9] Yukimura started drawing fully digitally from chapter 168 due to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, but continues to ink in analog before scanning and doing the finishing work digitally.[10]

According to Yukimura, the series is divided into four story arcs; the "War" arc; the "Slave" arc; and the "Eastern Expedition" arc. The fourth and final arc was not given its own distinct name.[11] In November 2019, Yukimura announced that the manga has entered its final arc; it will be more than 50 chapters long and more than 1,000 pages, and will take "several years to write".[11]

Influences

Yukimura was inspired by anime series about Vikings that he watched as a child, being fascinated by them since. Their culture and way of life was something new and fresh to him; he learned, for instance, that if somebody killed while intoxicated, they could get a lower sentence or go free. Yukimura travelled to Norway and Scandinavia in 2003 to conduct research on Vikings, which was difficult due to the language barrier, as he speaks no Norwegian and little English. He claimed the Oseberg Ship to be the most beautiful ship he has ever seen. Yukimura compares Vikings to wokou instead of samurai, as he would find more differences than similarities between the former and the latter. He believes Vikings were more free and honest about their own feelings; samurai were more quiet as a people, and were obedient towards their master or their own honor.[8] Yukimura also visited Denmark, Iceland, France, Britain, and Canada for research (and regretted that his story was not found closer to home). Yukimura has also made full-scale models to ensure the utmost realism in the depiction of materials, but the production of those models puts a lot of pressure on his time schedule.[12]

An example of a Osebergskipet ship which Askeladd's group use in the series' first story arc

While the Vikings are recognized as heroes, Yukimura wanted to explain the harsh realities in their era. Because of the harsh violence he witnessed, Thorfinn was always drawn with a serious facial expression in the first arc, and pitied himself for his sins in the following arc. As a result, the character of Thorkell is characterized as more comical, making the battles more enjoyable to draw. Yukimura was often told by his editors not to draw Canute with a beard, as they claimed its interference with the bishonen archetype he represented would diminish the series' popularity. He rejected that idea, claiming that every man had a beard in that era. Conversely, Thorfinn becomes an adult in the second story arc, but he shaves his beard, as Yukimura did not want him to look strong.[13]

The real Thorfinn attracted Yukimura after reading a book about him. With little historical information about Thorfinn, Yukimura was motivated to make him the protagonist because he would have more freedom.[14] Yukimura believes Thorfinn's growth with Askeladd was well-executed, saying the character of Askeladd became ambiguous even to himself as a result of the many sides he exposes in the manga.[15] Yukimura states that when writing the characters, most of them are people Thorfinn relies on, with Askeladd—both Thorfinn's mentor and enemy—being the exception. They have a seeming father-son relationship as at the beginning of the series; Yukimura was planning Askeladd's death and Thorfinn's reaction to it. Another complicated relationship involves Einar and Thorfinn, as the two cannot come to each other's aid. One of Yukimura's themes is learning the effects of revenge on others.[9]

Research about the Mi'kmaq was made for the final arc.

Several characters are based on their real-life counterparts. The historical Leif Erikson is a famous Norseman; however, Yukimura imagined that he would have had a very weak nature as a warrior, so he instead fleshed Erikson out as a strong adventurer. In retrospect, Yukimura found that the series features prominently male characters, as the female ones die or are given little screen time. One of the few exceptions is Gudrid—she is based on a historical figure with the same name who made a major impact on the real Thorfinn's life, and Yukimura tries to be faithful to such an event. Meanwhile, the revengeful hunter Hild reminds Thorfinn of his sins as a Viking in the same way as in the start of the series, where Thorfinn sought revenge on Askeladd.[9]

The series' final arc, which is set in Vinland, prominently features the Mi'kmaq people. The depictions of such a culture were made with the guidance of Beverly Jedore and Yolanda Denny of the educational organization Miꞌkmaw Kinaꞌmatnewey. Depiction of the Miꞌkmaq language involved Dr. Bernie Francis, a linguist and scholar who helped make the Francis-Smith orthography, the officially accepted orthography of the Mik'maq Grand Council.[16]

Themes

Slavery was one of the earliest themes Yukimura aimed to show.

In a January 2008 interview, Yukimura revealed that he was inspired to enter the manga industry by reading the manga Fist of the North Star as a boy. In the same interview, he said he had always wanted to produce a series which reflected the same themes of "strength and justice".[17] Yukimura's editor was against the idea of Thorfinn being a slave, so he was changed into a Viking. The author agreed as he wanted Thorfinn to understand the causes of tragedy by his being a Viking in later parts of the narrative. He wanted the protagonist to be affected by violence, often having poor luck.[18]

Yukimura added that one of his messages is that people should have ideals in order to have a prosperous life.[19] In contrast to the strong Vikings, the slaves were written as their complete opposite based on Yukimura's research. The slaves do not possess any power to protect themselves; Yukimura believed that they also are unable to have their own ideals to live, which he disliked when reading.[20]

One of the earliest concepts when drawing Thorfinn was to make a story about a slave. Despite being a slave, Thorfinn would face several challenges and reach his goal. Yukimura was inspired by King Olaf Tryggvason, who lost his position as king to become a slave but managed to return to the throne. Unlike Tryggvason, who was extremely popular, Thorfinn was written to face several more problems. Yukimura wanted Thorfinn to learn about oppression and human afflictions. In retrospect, Yukimura stated that Thorfinn does not have a notable skill or imposing physique. In order to stand out as a main character, he was written to have the experience of the pain human beings suffer. Although Thorfinn's appearance changes across the four story arcs, Yukimura was careful with writing his psychology.[21]

The search for Vinland serves as a major escape from the violence, a theme the author wants to focus on.

While the series is notable for its degree of violence normally caused by Vikings, Yukimura claimed he hates the concept of violence. As a result, a key element in writing this story was relaxing his modern sense of morality. The handling of the Vikings was that they admired the strength from each of their mates, with Askeladd being respected as a result, but nevertheless, there are several betrayals. The anime added more scenes involving Thorfinn joining Askeladd's forces, as well as how he becomes a skilled warrior, which Yukimura appreciated. The writer convinced the director to make the anime different from the manga in order to tell the story chronologically, in contrast to how the manga starts with an already teenage Thorfinn remembering his childhood and father's death. Another addition was the first scene, where Thors fights alongside Thorkell before his retiring from the forces. Extra attention was paid to the first fight between Thorfinn and Thorkell. Nevertheless, screenwriter Hiroshi Seko believes Yukimura's version of the narrative is stronger.[19] Yukimura's feelings during the Cold War and the September 11 attacks were also projected onto Thorfinn's character, who is traumatized by his actions as a Viking and thus decides to found Vinland to make a land where people from different races are able to live together peacefully.[22]

Media

Manga

Further information: List of Vinland Saga chapters

Vinland Saga is written and illustrated by Makoto Yukimura. The series was first serialized in Kodansha's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Magazine from April 13 to October 19, 2005.[23][24][25] The series was transferred to Kodansha's seinen manga magazine Monthly Afternoon, starting in the February 2006 issue, released on December 24, 2005.[26][27][28] Kodansha has collected its chapters into individual tankōbon (bound volumes). The first two volumes were initially released under the Shōnen Magazine Comics imprint,[29][30] and then reissued under the Afternoon imprint after the manga's serialization switch.[31][32] As of May 23, 2022, twenty-six volumes have been published.[33]

The series is licensed in English by Kodansha USA, and it is being released in a two-in-one hardcover edition. The first volume was published on October 14, 2013.[34][35] As of December 14, 2021, twelve volumes have been released.[36] During their panel at Anime NYC 2022, Kodansha USA announced that they will release a 3-in-1 hardcover deluxe edition of the series.[37][38]

Anime

See also: List of Vinland Saga episodes

An anime television series adaptation of Vinland Saga was announced in March 2018. Produced by Twin Engine, Production I.G, Wit Studio and Kodansha, the series is animated by Wit Studio and directed by Shūhei Yabuta, with Hiroshi Seko handling series composition, Takahiko Abiru designing the characters,[39] and Yutaka Yamada composing the music.[40] The series ran for 24 episodes on NHK General TV.[41] The series premiered on July 7, 2019 with the first three episodes.[42] Due to the pending arrival of Typhoon Faxai on September 8, 2019, episode 10 was delayed due to broadcasting news, and instead premiered the following week.[43] Due to the airing of the World Para Athletics Championships sports tournament on NHK, episode 18 was delayed and resumed on November 17 of the same year.[44] The series finished on December 29, 2019.[45] The first opening theme is "Mukanjyo" by Survive Said the Prophet, while the first ending theme is "Torches" by Aimer.[46][47] The second opening theme is "Dark Crow" by Man with a Mission, and the second ending theme is "Drown" by Milet.[48][49]

Amazon streams the series worldwide on their Prime Video service.[50][51] Sentai Filmworks released the series on home video on August 31, 2021, with both a new translation and English dub.[52][53][54] A different English dub, produced by VSI Los Angeles, previously launched on Netflix in Japan.[55] MVM Entertainment licensed the series in the United Kingdom and Ireland.[56] It began streaming on Netflix globally on July 7, 2022,[57] as well as Crunchyroll and HiDive on select territories on the same day.[58]

When the anime finale aired in Japan, director Shuhei Yabuta wrote, "This big incident changed everything for Thorfinn, but his story will continue!".[59] On July 7, 2021, Twin Engine announced that a second season was in production.[60] Shūhei Yabuta returned as director, and Takahiko Abiru returned as character designer.[61] The second season is animated by MAPPA, and premiered on Tokyo MX, BS11, and GBS on January 10, 2023,[62][63][d] running for 24 episodes.[65] The second season is being simulcasted globally on both Netflix and Crunchyroll, excluding China, South Korea and Japan.[66] The first opening theme is "River" by Anonymouz, while the first ending theme is "Without Love" by LMYK.[66][67] The second opening theme is ""Paradox." by Survive Said the Prophet, and the second ending theme is "Ember" by haju:harmonics.[68]

Other media

Yukimura drew a seven-page crossover manga chapter between the series and the Assassin's Creed Valhalla video game that was uploaded to Ubisoft's website on October 23, 2020.[69]

Reception

Manga

Sales

Vinland Saga has been commercially successful in Japan, with combined sales of 1.2 million copies for the first five volumes by June 2008.[70] It had over 5 million copies in print by 2018.[71] Several volumes have appeared on the Taiyosha top ten best-selling manga list.[72][73] By August 2022, the manga had over 7 million copies in circulation.[74]

Critical reception

Even before its international release, Vinland Saga attracted attention and praise from the international manga community. In 2006, The Comics Journal included Vinland Saga in a list of worthy unlicensed manga and scanlation groups.[75] Critics praised Vinland Saga for its fluid action sequences, remarking how well author Yukimura made the transition to the action genre from his previous work Planetes. Criticism was, however, levelled at the extent of suspension of disbelief in a historical fiction series.[7][76] Upon its official release, the first volume was reviewed by Rebecca Silverman for Anime News Network. She described it as a "deeply engrossing book" and praised it for its attention to detail and "excellent period detail" in its depiction of medieval times, though expressed disappointment at the lack of interesting female characters.[77] Johanna Draper Carlson of Comics Worth Reading described the action in the first volume as "fast-paced, well-illustrated, and detailed" but "didn't transcend its premise"; she was instead more impressed by the scenes depicting family life, saying "that's where the insightful character work I expected from Yukimura came through."[78] Carlson also praised the scenes depicting domestic life as providing grounding context for the story, as well as weaving in religion and politics, finding Vinland Saga "a fascinating read on multiple levels".[79] In The European Middle Ages through the prism of Contemporary Japanese Literature, Maximen Denise from University of Tours noted how the lack of proper knowledge about the real life of Thorfinn in The Greenlanders and Eric the Red made Yukimura come across with a more original background for how the main character becomes a Viking during his youth, giving him a realistic characterization which contrasts with Thorkell's supernatural strength. According to the writer, while Thorfinn is originally driven by revenge, the manga also explores his desire for power, similar to "those who desperately struggle to find their homelands in the 21st century 'medieval' Japan".[80]

Following the end of the first story arc, critics were surprised by Thorfinn's quieter personality and noted that despite his life as a slave, the plot manages to make his life with other slaves interesting.[81][82] The romantic relationship between Thorfinn and Gugrid surprised Manga News, though they still appreciated the handling of their wedding ceremony, which gave the narrative a lighter tone for a famously dark series.[83] Manga Sanctuary agreed, finding Thorfinn to live up to his father's legacy during his quest while finding his newfound family appealing, not only including his wife Gugrid, but also his adopted son who often defends him.[84][85]

In regards to the art, Silverman initially felt it was "a bit generic shounen",[77] but praised the improvement of the art during the Slave arc.[86] The panel composition, realistically barbaric violence, and attention to detail in constructing the setting were highlighted and compared with those found in Kentaro Miura's long-running series Berserk.[7][76] Comic Book Resources acclaimed the art as one of the reasons to why the manga became highly popular.[87] The return of action scenes in the Merchant arc was praised by Manga News for showing how detailed Yukimura's art can be.[88]

Manga author Hajime Isayama said that Thorfinn is his favorite character from Vinland Saga due to his humanity and guilt.[89]

Accolades

The manga was nominated for the 1st Manga Taisho award in 2008.[90] Vinland Saga was awarded the Grand Prize of the Manga Division at the 13th Japan Media Arts Festival in 2009;[91] It was also a Jury Recommended work at the 25th edition in 2022.[92] It won the 36th Kodansha Manga Award for Best General Manga in 2012.[93]

Anime

The anime adaptation of Vinland Saga was awarded Anime of the Year in the 6th Anime Trending Awards.[94] The anime series was selected as "Best Drama" while receiving eight other nominations including "Anime of the Year" at the 4th Crunchyroll Anime Awards.[95] IGN listed Vinland Saga among the best anime series of the 2010s.[96] In a poll conducted by Kadokawa Game Linkage of the most satisfying series of 2019, Vinland Saga ranked in ninth place.[97] Several writers from Anime News Network also listed the series as one of the best ones from 2019;[98] with James Beckett listing Askeladd as best character.[99]

Rafael Motamayor of Polygon praised the anime series and compared it to Vikings. Motamayor commended the character development shown in its first three episodes and ultimately called it an epic story that shows "the horrors of being a Viking at the turn of the 11th century, while also serving as a coming-of-age tale set against the background of a bloody and thrilling war".[100] Gerald Rathkolb of Otaku USA called Vinland Saga a "story of a long, brilliantly written slow-burn revenge story" and named it one of the best anime series of 2019. Rathkolb wrote: "[It] is one of those rare anime that could have appeal outside of the anime sphere because of its setting and focus on complex characters and the excellent political intrigue ever-present in the show. It comes with my highest recommendation".[101] Nick Creamer from Anime News Network also delivered a positive review, praising the themes, action scenes and characters, stating "No one has any enemies, is one of Vinland Saga's principal lessons, a prayer of social goodwill that Thors complements with his dream of a distant, shimmering Vinland, a land free of strife and suffering. But Vinland Saga is not a sentimental work, and its conflicts stay mired in the blood and dirt of a country at war. Thors' idealistic prayer is quickly supplemented by a new moral, courtesy of the raider and mercenary lord Askeladd: "everyone is a slave, even if they can't see the chains." It's a story suffused with a thematic ambition and sharpness of perspective that raises it high above its genre peers. Populated with rich, sympathetic characters and adorned by breathtaking action highlights, it is a rich and rewarding adventure that might just inspire you to challenge the conditions of your own life. Beautiful, brutal, and fiercely intelligent. Succeeds effortlessly as a propulsive action vehicle, while also offering sharp commentary on human nature, remarkably characters, and a harsh yet beautifully realized world. Vinland Saga is one of the best anime of 2019".[102]

Yukimura praised the adaptation, believing that it smoothed out pacing issues present in the original manga, and that anime's staff understood the story better than he did. He further recommended that people watch the anime before picking up the manga.[89]

Notes

  1. ^ VSI English dub rights
  2. ^ Sentai Studios English dub rights
  3. ^ Crunchyroll English dub rights
  4. ^ Tokyo MX lists the series premiere at 24:30 on January 9, 2023, which is effectively 12:30 a.m. JST on January 10.[64]

References

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  2. ^ "Vinland Saga extras!". Kodansha Comics. February 5, 2013. Archived from the original on June 30, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020. it follows a band of Viking warriors through an epic story of vengeance, blood, tragedy, royal intrigue and more blood.
  3. ^ Garrity, Shaenon K. (March 19, 2015). "Vinland Saga - House of 1000 Manga". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on December 13, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020. Makoto Yukimura's Vinland Saga, a true manga epic, captures the contradictory aspects of ancient Norse culture
  4. ^ Chapman, Paul (March 19, 2018). "Vikings Seek New Land in "Vinland Saga" TV Anime". Crunchyroll. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
  5. ^ "Dossier Vinland Saga - YUKIMURA Makoto - Partie 1". manga-news.com (in French). June 16, 2011. Archived from the original on February 21, 2021. Retrieved February 22, 2021.
  6. ^ Collins, Hannah (March 15, 2020). "The Real Viking Lore That Inspired Vinland Saga". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on February 22, 2021. Retrieved February 22, 2021.
  7. ^ a b c Eduardo Chavez (October 10, 2005). "Valhalla, I am Coming..." MangaCast. Archived from the original on January 31, 2009. Retrieved August 26, 2008.
  8. ^ a b "Vikinger à la manga". AfterPosten (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on September 2, 2022. Retrieved September 2, 2022.
  9. ^ a b c "【インタビュー】『ヴィンランド・サガ』幸村誠「『暴力が嫌い』を描きたかったら、描く世界は暴力に満ちたほうがいい。」【アニメ化＆22巻発売記念！】". Media Comic Space (in Japanese). Archived from the original on August 21, 2022. Retrieved August 28, 2022.
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  12. ^ "ヴィンランド・サガ×ゴールデンカムイ：幸村誠、野田サトル対談 第2回 共通点はおっさん！？ 誕生秘話も". Mantan Web. Retrieved September 9, 2022.
  13. ^ "【インタビュー】『ヴィンランド・サガ』幸村誠「『暴力が嫌い』を描きたかったら、描く世界は暴力に満ちたほうがいい。」【アニメ化＆22巻発売記念！】". Media Comic Space (in Japanese). Archived from the original on September 5, 2022. Retrieved August 28, 2022.
  14. ^ "【インタビュー】『ヴィンランド・サガ』幸村誠「『暴力が嫌い』を描きたかったら、描く世界は暴力に満ちたほうがいい。」【アニメ化＆22巻発売記念！】". Media Comic Space (in Japanese). Archived from the original on August 21, 2022. Retrieved August 28, 2022.
  15. ^ ヴィンランド・サガ×ゴールデンカムイ：幸村誠、野田サトル対談 第1回 愛爆発 緻密な取材の裏側も. Mantan Web (in Japanese). July 6, 2019. Archived from the original on August 27, 2022. Retrieved August 27, 2022.
  16. ^ Yukimura, Makoto (2022). Vinland Saga 13. Vinland Saga. Kodansha. ISBN 978-1-64651-301-7.
  17. ^ "『幸村誠先生』 その1 まんが☆天国". Manga Nohi. January 7, 2008. Archived from the original on January 8, 2008. Retrieved August 29, 2008.
  18. ^ "『アサシン クリード ヴァルハラ』×『ヴィンランド・サガ』コラボ記念特別インタビュー。作者・幸村誠先生がヴァイキングの魅力を語る。「筆を勢いよく走らせられる」のがヴァイキングを描く楽しさ". Famitsu. Archived from the original on August 21, 2022. Retrieved August 21, 2022.
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Vinland Saga volumes

Further reading

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