Oppenheimer (film)
Oppenheimer | |
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![]() Theatrical release poster | |
Directed by | Christopher Nolan |
Screenplay by | Christopher Nolan |
Based on | |
Produced by |
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Starring | |
Cinematography | Hoyte van Hoytema |
Edited by | Jennifer Lame |
Music by | Ludwig Göransson |
Production companies | |
Distributed by | Universal Pictures |
Release dates |
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Running time | 180 minutes[1] |
Countries |
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Language | English |
Budget | $100 million[2] |
Oppenheimer is a 2023 epic biographical thriller film written, produced, and directed by Christopher Nolan. It is based on the 2005 biography American Prometheus by Kai Bird and Martin J. Sherwin about J. Robert Oppenheimer, the theoretical physicist who helped develop the first nuclear weapons on the Manhattan Project. The film stars Cillian Murphy as the title character, with a supporting ensemble cast including Emily Blunt, Matt Damon, Robert Downey Jr., Florence Pugh, Josh Hartnett, Casey Affleck, Rami Malek, and Kenneth Branagh.
The film was announced in September 2021 when Universal Pictures won the bidding war. Filming began in late February 2022 and wrapped that May. Cinematographer Hoyte van Hoytema shot the film in a combination of IMAX 65mm and 65mm large-format film—including, for the first time, sections in IMAX black-and-white analog photography. As on his previous works, Nolan utilized extensive practical effects and minimal computer-generated imagery.
Oppenheimer premiered at Le Grand Rex in Paris on July 11, 2023 and is scheduled for release in the United Kingdom and United States on July 21, 2023, by Universal Pictures. It is Nolan's first film not to be distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures domestically or internationally since Memento (2000), as well as his first film to receive an R rating since Insomnia (2002).
Cast
- Cillian Murphy as J. Robert Oppenheimer[3]
- Emily Blunt as Katherine "Kitty" Oppenheimer[4]
- Matt Damon as Leslie Groves[5]
- Robert Downey Jr. as Lewis Strauss[5]
- Florence Pugh as Jean Tatlock[6]
- Josh Hartnett as Ernest Lawrence[7][8]
- Casey Affleck as Boris Pash[9]
- Rami Malek as David Hill[6]
- Kenneth Branagh as Niels Bohr[10]
- Benny Safdie as Edward Teller[6]
- Dylan Arnold as Frank Oppenheimer[11]
- Gustaf Skarsgård as Hans Bethe[12]
- David Krumholtz as Isidor Isaac Rabi[13]
- Matthew Modine as Vannevar Bush[14]
- David Dastmalchian as William L. Borden[15]
- Tom Conti as Albert Einstein[16]
- Michael Angarano as Robert Serber[7]
- Jack Quaid as Richard Feynman[17]
- Josh Peck as Kenneth Bainbridge[18]
- Olivia Thirlby as Lilli Hornig[19]
- Dane DeHaan as Kenneth Nichols[20]
- Danny Deferrari as Enrico Fermi[21]
- Alden Ehrenreich as a Senate aide[13][22]
- Jefferson Hall as Haakon Chevalier[23][24]
- Jason Clarke as Roger Robb[25]
- James D'Arcy as Patrick Blackett[26]
- Tony Goldwyn as Gordon Gray[27]
- Devon Bostick as Seth Neddermeyer[28]
- Alex Wolff as Luis Walter Alvarez[29]
- Scott Grimes as Counsel[30]
- Josh Zuckerman as Giovanni Rossi Lomanitz[31]
- Matthias Schweighöfer as Werner Heisenberg[32][33]
- Christopher Denham as Klaus Fuchs[30]
- David Rysdahl as Donald Hornig[34]
- Guy Burnet as George Eltenton[21]
- Louise Lombard as Ruth Tolman[35]
- Harrison Gilbertson as Philip Morrison[36]
- Emma Dumont as Jackie Oppenheimer[36]
- Trond Fausa Aurvåg as George Kistiakowsky[37]
- Olli Haaskivi as Edward Condon[11]
- Gary Oldman as Harry S. Truman[38]
- John Gowans as Ward Evans
- Kurt Koehler as Thomas A. Morgan[39][40]
- Máté Haumann as Leó Szilárd
Production
Development
In December 2020, Warner Bros. Pictures announced plans to give its 2021 films simultaneous releases in theaters and on HBO Max due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the film industry. Christopher Nolan, who had partnered with the studio on each one of his films starting with Insomnia (2002), expressed his disbelief with the decision.[41] In January 2021, media reports mentioned the possibility that Nolan's next film could be the first to not be financed or distributed by Warner Bros.[42] Nolan had previously supported the studio's decision to give Wonder Woman 1984 (2020) a simultaneous release, stating that he perceived this situation to have been handled properly, but said he had been excluded from any discussions regarding the postponed release of his film Tenet (2020).[43][44]
In September 2021, Deadline Hollywood reported that Nolan would write and direct a biographical film set during World War II about J. Robert Oppenheimer, creator of the atomic bomb, with Cillian Murphy in negotiations to star.[45] Nolan approached multiple studios for the project, including Sony Pictures, Universal Pictures, Paramount Pictures, and Apple Studios due to his strained relationship with Warner Bros.[46][2] According to insiders, Paramount was out of the selection early on in the wake of the replacement of CEO and Chairman Jim Gianopulos with Brian Robbins, an advocate for increased streaming service releases.[2] On September 14, it was confirmed that Universal would finance and distribute the film, with production set to begin in the first quarter of 2022.[47] Some of Nolan's demands included a production budget of $100 million and an equal marketing budget, a theatrical window of at least 100 days, 20 percent of the film's first-dollar gross, and a three-week period before and after the film's release in which Universal could not release another new film.[2]
![Christopher Nolan at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival.](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Christopher_Nolan_Cannes_2018.jpg/170px-Christopher_Nolan_Cannes_2018.jpg)
Writing
Oppenheimer is the first script written by Christopher Nolan in the first person, as he wanted the narrative to be conveyed from Oppenheimer's perspective.[48] He had also deliberately chosen to alternate between scenes in color and black-and-white, explaining that he wanted the film to be conveyed from both an objective and subjective perspective.[49] Emily Blunt had described the script as being "emotional" and resembling that of a thriller film. She had also commented that she felt Nolan had "Trojan-Horsed a biopic into a thriller".[50]
I think of any character I've dealt with, Oppenheimer is by far the most ambiguous and paradoxical. Which, given that I've made three Batman films, is saying a lot.
Casting
Oppenheimer marks the sixth collaboration between Nolan and Murphy, and the first starring Murphy as the lead. To prepare for the role, the actor did what he summarized as "an awful lot of reading" on Oppenheimer's life.[52][3] Nolan had called Murphy one day requesting him to play the part, and Murphy had enthusiastically accepted his offer and was excited to play a lead role in a Nolan film. Afterwards, Nolan flew to Dublin to meet with Murphy, who had read the script in his hotel room by September 2020.[53] The casting process was so secretive that some of the actors did not know which role they were going to play until they signed on.[29] Robert Downey Jr., Matt Damon, and Emily Blunt took pay cuts to work on the film, earning $4 million each in lieu of their usual $10–20 million salaries.[54]
Filming
Pre-production was underway by January 2022 in New Mexico, where a two-day casting call took place in Santa Fe and Los Alamos for people to audition to play local residents, military personnel and scientists.[55][56] Another casting call was held in February.[57] Filming began in late February 2022,[13] with Hoyte van Hoytema serving as cinematographer. Gary Oldman said he would be on set for a day in May for "one scene, a page and a half".[38]
The film used a combination of IMAX 65 mm and 65 mm large-format film.[3] It is also the first film to shoot sections on IMAX black and white photographic film.[58] In the second week of April, filming took place at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.[59] Filming also occurred in California,[19] primarily around the campus of the University of California, Berkeley.[60] Filming was wrapped after four months in May 2022.[61]
Filming involved the use of real explosives to recreate the Trinity nuclear test, forgoing the use of computer generated graphics.[62] While using miniatures for the practical effect, the movie's special effects supervisor Scott R. Fisher referred to them as "big-atures", as the team tried to make the models as large as possible.[63] A whole 1940s-style town was also built from scratch.[64] Because Nolan wanted to make the movie as subjective as possible, telling everything from Oppenheimer’s point of view, they had to come up with a way to visualize his ideas and thoughts about the way he was imagining the quantum world and waves of energy.[65]
Post-production
During post-production, editing was completed by Jennifer Lame, who previously edited Tenet.[3] Visual effects were handled by DNEG, marking their eighth collaboration with Nolan. Andrew Jackson was the visual effects supervisor.[66]
The film received an R rating from the Motion Picture Association for "some sexuality, nudity, and language", making it Nolan's first film to receive that rating since Insomnia (2002).[67]
Music
Ludwig Göransson composed the score for the film, after doing so for Nolan's previous film, Tenet.[3] Göransson's score was featured in a trailer for the film on May 8, 2023.[68] It was also featured in the Universal Pictures exclusive five-minute Opening Look on July 13.[69][70]
Release
Oppenheimer premiered at Le Grand Rex in Paris on July 11, 2023.[71] It is scheduled to be released theatrically on July 21, 2023, by Universal Pictures.[3][72][73] In addition to standard cinemas, it will be also released in various film formats including IMAX 70 mm (30 prints), standard 70 mm (113 prints) and 35 mm (around 80 prints).[74]
The film is set to be released on the same day as Barbie, a romantic comedy film directed by Greta Gerwig, part of Barbie fashion dolls and media franchise by Mattel, and distributed by Warner Bros. Due to the tonal and genre contrast between the two films, many social media users have taken to making memes about how the two films represent different audiences,[75] and how they should be viewed as a double feature.[76] The trend has been dubbed "Barbenheimer".[77] In an interview with La Vanguardia, Cillian Murphy endorsed the phenomenon, saying "My advice would be for people to go see both, on the same day. If they are good films, then that's cinema's gain."[78][79]
Marketing
The film's teaser trailer was released on July 28, 2022, featuring a live countdown to 5:29 AM (MST) on July 16, 2023, the 78th anniversary of the first detonation of an atomic weapon; it premiered in screenings of Nope before being posted online on Universal's social media profiles.[80] Empire commented that, "It looks like heady, brooding stuff with a real sense of weight—a Christopher Nolan film, in other words."[81] In May 2023, an official trailer debuted during preview screenings of Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3. It was subsequently released to the public on May 8, 2023, alongside a theatrical release poster.[82]
Reception
Box office
In the United States and Canada, industry tracking for the opening weekend ranged from The Hollywood Reporter's $40 million[83] to Deadline Hollywood's $40–50 million,[84] while Boxoffice Pro speculated an opening weekend of $45–52 million.[85]
In 2021, Variety speculated, based on estimates from sources at rival studios, that the film would need to gross $400 million worldwide to be profitable.[86]
Accolades
Oppenheimer received nominations for Best Thriller, Best Drama TV Spot (for a Feature Film), Best Sound Editing in a TV Spot (for a Feature Film), and Best Thriller TV Spot (for a Feature Film); and won Best Drama, Best Summer 2023 Blockbuster Trailer, and Best Sound Editing at the 2023 Golden Trailer Awards.[87][88] It became a runner-up for Most Anticipated Film at the 6th Hollywood Critics Association Midseason Film Awards.[89]
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- ^ Pedersen, Erik (June 29, 2023). "Golden Trailer Awards: Cocaine Bear, Only Murders In The Building & Oppenheimer Among Top Winners – Full List". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on June 30, 2023. Retrieved June 30, 2023.
- ^ Anderson, Erik (June 30, 2023). "Hollywood Critics Association 2023 Midseason HCA Awards: Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse, Past Lives, Air are Top Winners". AwardsWatch. Archived from the original on July 1, 2023. Retrieved July 2, 2023.
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