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This article is about the white nationalist. For the Scottish football player, see David Duke (footballer).
David Duke
File:David duke belgium 2008.jpg
David Duke in Flanders, Belgium, 2008
Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives
from the 81st district
In office
1989–1992
Preceded byChuck Cusimano
Succeeded byDavid Vitter
Personal details
Born
David Ernest Duke

(1950-07-01) July 1, 1950 (age 73)
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Political partyDemocratic
(until 1988)
Republican (since 1988)
SpouseChloê Eleanor Hardin (m. 1974, div. 1984)
ChildrenErika Duke
Kristin Duke
ResidenceMandeville, Louisiana
EducationPhD. History(2005) Ukrainian Interregional Academy of Personnel Management (MAUP)
OccupationAcademic, Author, Political Activist
Websitehttp://www.davidduke.com

David Ernest Duke (born July 1, 1950) is an American white nationalist, former Grand Wizard of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan,[2][3][4][5][6][7] former Republican Louisiana State Representative, and a candidate in presidential primaries and presidential elections.

Duke says he is a racial realist asserting "all people have a basic human right to preserve their own heritage."[8] He speaks in favor of voluntary racial segregation and white separatism.[9][10][11]

Duke has also unsuccessfully run for the Louisiana Senate, U.S. Senate, U.S. House of Representatives, Governor of Louisiana and twice for President of the United States.

Youth and early adulthood

David Duke was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma, to David H. Duke and Alice Maxine Crick. As the son of an engineer for Shell Oil, Duke frequently moved with his family around the world. They lived a short time in the Netherlands before settling in Louisiana. In the late 1960s, Duke met the leader of the white separatist National Alliance, William Pierce, who would remain a life-long influence. Duke joined the Ku Klux Klan in 1967.[12]

Duke studied at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge and in 1970 formed a white student group called the White Youth Alliance; it was affiliated with the National Socialist White People's Party. The same year, to protest William Kunstler's appearance at Tulane University in New Orleans, Duke appeared at a demonstration in Nazi uniform. Picketing and holding parties on the anniversary of Adolf Hitler's birth, he became infamous on campus for wearing a Nazi uniform.[13]

Reforming the KKK

Duke went to Laos for ten weeks in 1971 to teach English to Laotian military officers and to serve on cargo flights for Air America.[13]

He graduated from LSU in 1974 and formed the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. He gained attention for trying to modernize the Klan.[14] A follower of Duke, Thom Robb, changed the title of Grand Wizard to National Director and replaced the Klan's white robes with business suits.[15]

In 1976 Duke published a women's self-help book titled Finders-Keepers to raise money. He used the pseudonym Dorothy Vanderbilt. The book includes advice on vaginal exercises, fellatio, and anal sex.[16][17] The book is out of print and difficult to find; however, a New Orleans newspaper, The Times-Picayune, managed to obtain a copy and traced its proceeds to Duke. He compiled the information from women's self-help magazines.[13]

While working in the White Youth Alliance, Duke met Chloê Hardin, who became active in the group. They remained companions throughout college and married in 1974. Hardin is the mother of Duke's two daughters, Erika and Kristin. They divorced in 1984, and Hardin moved to West Palm Beach to be near her parents. There she became involved with Duke's Klan friend, Don Black, whom she later married.[18]

In the early 1980s, Duke was allegedly heavily involved in gambling and stock market investments, according to reports by the Times-Picayune and other newspapers.[16]

Political campaigns

Duke ran as a Democrat for the Louisiana Senate in 1975.

Duke allegedly conducted a direct-mail appeal in 1987, using the identity and mailing-list of the Georgia Forsyth County Defense League without permission. League officials described it as a fund-raising scam. (It is detailed in The Rise of David Duke by Tyler Bridges.)

In 1988, he ran in the Democratic presidential primaries. After a poor showing, he appeared on many state ballots in the general election as the nominee of the Populist Party. He appeared on the ballot for President in eleven states, some with Trenton Stokes of Arkansas for Vice President, and on other state ballots with Floyd Parker for Vice President. He received just 47,047 votes, for 0.04 percent of the combined, national popular vote.[19]

Challenging John Treen, winning Louisiana House seat

In December 1988, Duke changed his political affiliation from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party.

The following year he ran as a Republican against fellow Republican John Treen for a seat representing Metairie in the Louisiana House of Representatives. Despite the endorsement of Treen's candidacy by President George H. W. Bush, former President Ronald Reagan, and other notable Republicans,[20] Duke defeated Treen by 51% to 49%. He served in the House from 1990 until 1992.

In late 1980s, Duke reportedly had his nose thinned and chin augmented. Following his election to the Louisiana House of Representatives, he shaved his moustache.[21][22][23]

Challenging Senator Bennett Johnston

In 1990, in the open primary, Duke ran as a Republican against incumbent Democratic Senator Bennett Johnston.

The Republican party endorsed state Senator Ben Bagert, but national Republican officials anticipated Bagert losing and fragmenting Johnston's support; so funding for Bagert's campaign was halted, and he dropped out two days before the election, though his name remained on the ballot. [24] In the last week of the campaign, Republican Senator John C. Danforth of Missouri openly endorsed Johnston.

Duke received 44% of the vote to Johnston's 52%, and, according to exit polls, [citation needed] Duke received more than 60% of the white vote.

In 1992 Duke attempted to run for the Republican Party presidential nomination, but the Republicans completely repudiated his campaign. He received votes in several primaries, but no delegates.

In 1992 a film was released that investigated the meteoric rise in David Duke's appeal among white voters. Backlash: Race and the American Dream explored the demagogic issues of Duke's platform, examining his use of black crime, welfare, affirmative action and white supremacy and tied Duke to a legacy of other white backlash politicians, such as Lester Maddox and George Wallace, and the use in 1991 Presidential campaign of Pres. G.W. Bush of these same racially themed hot buttons[25].

In a 2006 interview, Gideon Rachman (The Economist, the Financial Times) recalled he interviewed Duke's campaign manager who said, "The Jews just aren't a big issue in Louisiana. We keep telling David, stick to attacking the blacks. There's no point in going after the Jews, you just piss them off and nobody here cares about them anyway."[26]

Challenging Edwin Edwards and Buddy Roemer

Despite repudiation by the Republican Party[27], Duke ran for Louisiana Governor in 1991. In the open primary, Duke was second to former governor Edwin Washington Edwards in votes; thus, he faced Edwards in a runoff. In the initial round, Duke received 32% of the vote. Incumbent Governor Buddy Roemer, who had switched from the Democratic to Republican parties during his term, came in third with 27% of the vote. Duke effectively killed Roemer's bid for re-election. While Duke had a sizable core constituency of devoted supporters, many voted for him as a "protest vote" to register dissatisfaction with Louisiana's establishment politicians. Duke said he was the spokesman for the "White majority."[28] He took a strong anti-establishment stance reminiscent of George Wallace, in the 1968 presidential campaign.

Between the primary and the runoff, called the "general election" under Louisiana election rules (in which all candidates run on one ballot, regardless of party), white supremacist organizations from around the country contributed to his campaign fund.[29][30] He was also endorsed by James Meredith, black civil rights activist.[31]

Duke's success garnered national media attention. While Duke gained the backing of the quixotic former Alexandria Mayor John K. Snyder, he won few serious endorsements in Louisiana. Celebrities and organizations donated thousands to Edwards' campaign. Referencing Edwards' long-standing problem with accusations of corruption, popular bumper stickers read, "Vote for the Crook. It's Important," and "Vote for the Lizard, not the Wizard." When a reporter asked Edwards what he needed to do to triumph over Duke, Edwards replied with a smile, "Stay alive."

Edwards received 1,057,031 votes (61.2%). Duke's 671,009 votes represented 38.8% of the total. Duke claimed victory, saying, "I won my constituency. I won 55% of the white vote," which he had, as exit polls confirmed.[13] In reality, Duke had done little better in percent terms than the first major Republican gubernatorial candidate in modern Louisiana history, Charlton Lyons, had done in 1964.

Challenging Mary Landrieu

When Johnston announced his retirement in 1996, Duke ran again for the U.S. Senate. He polled 141,489 votes (11.5%). Republican former state representative Woody Jenkins of Baton Rouge and Democrat Mary Landrieu of New Orleans, the former state treasurer, went into the general election contest. Duke was fourth in the nine-person, jungle primary race.[32]

Campaign to succeed Bob Livingston

Because of the sudden resignation of powerful Republican incumbent Bob Livingston in 1999, a special election was held in Louisiana's First Congressional District. Duke sought the seat as a Republican and received 19% of the vote. He finished a close third, thus failing to make the runoff. His candidacy was repudiated by the Republicans[33]. Republican Party Chairman Jim Nicholson remarked: "There is no room in the party of Lincoln for a Klansman like David Duke."[33] Republican state representative David Vitter (now a U.S. Senator) went on to defeat Republican ex-Governor David Treen. Also in the race was the New Orleans Republican leader Rob Couhig.

Challenging Bobby Jindal (as campaign manager to Roy Armstrong)

In 2004, Duke's bodyguard, roommate, and longtime associate Roy Armstrong made a bid for the United States House of Representatives to serve Louisiana's First Congressional District. Armstrong lost the election to Republican Bobby Jindal. Duke was the head advisor of the campaign.[34][35]

Controversies and affiliations

Knights of the Ku Klux Klan

In 1974, David Duke founded the Louisiana-based Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, a Ku Klux Klan group, shortly after graduating from LSU. He first received broad public attention during this time, as he successfully marketed himself in the mid-1970s as a new brand of Klansman — well-groomed, engaged, and professional. Duke also reformed the organization, promoting nonviolence and legality, and, for the first time in the Klan's history, women were accepted as equal members and Catholics were encouraged to apply for membership.[36]

NAAWP v. NAACP

In 1980, Duke left the Klan and formed the National Association for the Advancement of White People (NAAWP).

On May 20, 2004, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) became outraged when it discovered that David Duke had chosen New Orleans to host his International NAAWP Conference during the NAACP's Big Easy Rally to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Brown v. Board of Education decision.[37]

Ernst Zündel and the Zundelsite

Duke has expressed his support for prominent German / Canadian Holocaust denier Ernst Zündel. Duke makes a number of statements in support of Zündel and his Holocaust denial campaign.[38][39][40][41] After the aging Zündel was deported from Canada to Germany[42] and imprisoned in Germany on charges of inciting the masses to ethnic hatred, [43] Duke called him a "political prisoner."

Interregional Academy of Personnel Management

In September 2005, Duke received a Kandidat Nauk degree in History from the Ukrainian Interregional Academy of Personnel Management (MAUP). The degree of Kandidat Nauk is routinely translated and officially recognized in the United States of America as the equivalent of PhD (in thousands of cases, today, both as academic credentials on the resume, and in job appointments and in scientific publications). The former Soviet system and its descendent scientific classification in the ex-USSR countries has an even more advanced degree of Doctor of Science, of which the Anglo-Saxon tradition possesses no equivalent.

His doctoral thesis was titled "Zionism as a Form of Ethnic Supremacism".[44] Prior to earning his Ph.D., Duke had received an honorary doctorate. The Interregional Academy of Personnel Management is regarded as the main source of antisemitic activity and publishing in Ukraine,[45] and its "anti-Semitic actions" were "strongly condemned" by Foreign Minister of Ukraine Borys Tarasyuk and various Jewish interest and anti-racist organizations.[46][47][48][49] Duke has been allowed to teach an international relations and a history course at MAUP.[50]

Abraham Ribacoff, who read Duke's dissertation defended at the Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, which the Anti-Defamation League describes as a "University of Hate [51], where Duke received his doctorate for his paper [52], stated that:

"No matter how many examinations David Duke has passed, the volume of his research, number of academic citations of his dissertation, or the cleverness of his literary style, his work libels the Jewish people. It concludes that Zionism is an ideology of ethnic supremacy and that Israel is a Jewish-supremacist state. It’s all a lie. In truth, Israel is the only true democracy in the Mideast." and went on to say that "Jews had to be concerned that in spite of the fact that David Duke fulfilled the technical academic requirements for the Doctorate, awarding such a degree and title was dangerous because a legitimate doctoral degree adds authority to his statements and writings. The fact that David Duke now has the formal title of Dr. David Duke is maddening. It seriously hampers the intellectual struggle against anti-Semitism. Someone has to do something about MAUP, it is a national disgrace for Ukraine." [53]

Publications

My Awakening

Duke published his autobiography My Awakening: A Path to Racial Understanding in 1998. The book details Duke's social philosophies, especially his reasoning behind racial separation. In the book, Duke says:

We (white nationalists) desire to live in our own neighborhoods, go to our own schools, work in our own cities and towns, and ultimately live as one extended family in our own nation. We shall end the racial genocide of integration. We shall work for the eventual establishment of a separate homeland for African Americans, so each race will be free to pursue its own destiny without racial conflicts and ill will.[9]

The Anti-Defamation League (ADL) book review refers to it as containing racist, antisemitic, sexist and homophobic views.[54]

To raise the money to re-publish a new, updated edition of My Awakening, Duke instigated a 21-day fundraising drive on November 26, 2007 where he had to raise "$25,344 by a December 17 deadline for the printers." [55] Duke states this drive is necessary because the work "has become the most important book in the entire world in the effort to awaken our people for our heritage and freedom."

Jewish Supremacism

In 2002, Duke traveled to Eastern Europe to promote his book, Jewish Supremacism: My Awakening on the Jewish Question in Russia in 2003. The book purports to "examine and document elements of ethnic supremacism that have existed in the Jewish community from historical to modern times."[56] The book is dedicated to Israel Shahak, a critical author of what Shahak saw as supremacist religious teachings in Jewish culture. Former Boris Yeltsin administration official and prominent far-right politician Boris Mironov wrote an introduction for the Russian edition, called "The Jewish Question Through the Eyes of an American."

The ADL office in Moscow urged the Moscow prosecutor to open an investigation of Mironov. The ADL office initiated a letter from a prominent Duma member to Russia’s Prosecutor General Vladimir Ustinov, urging a criminal case be opened against the author and the Russian publisher of Duke’s book. The letter by Alexander Fedulov described the book as antisemitic and as violating Russian anti-hate crime laws. [57] In December 2001, Prosecutor's office closed the investigation of Boris Mironov and Jewish Supremacism. In a public letter, Yuri Biryukov, First Deputy of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation, stated that a socially-psychological examination, which was conducted as a part of the investigation, concluded that the book and the actions of Boris Mironov did not break Russian hate-crime laws. [58]

Duke says his views had been "vindicated" with the publication of The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy by professors John J. Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt and said he was "surprised how excellent [the paper] is." Duke dedicated several radio webcasts to the book and the authors comparing it to his work 'Jewish Supremacism' [59][60][61][62], although Walt has stated that, "I have always found Mr. Duke's views reprehensible, and I am sorry he sees this article as consistent with his view of the world". [63]

While Duke says that his books "have become two of the two most influential and important books in the world."[64] the ADL refer to the book as antisemitic [65], Duke denies the book is motivated by antisemitism. [66]

At one time, the book was sold in the main lobby of the building of Russian State Duma (lower house of parliament). The first printing of 5,000 copies sold out in several weeks.

In 2004, the book was published in the United States. Originally published in English and Russian, the book has subsequently been translated internationally into Swedish, Ukrainian, Persian, Hungarian and most recently, Spanish. [64]

In 2007, an updated edition was published [67] which Duke purports to be a "fine quality hardback edition with full color dust jacket and it has a new index and a number of timely additions" [64]

Arrest in Prague during book promotion tour

On 24 April 2009 a Czech news agency reported that David Duke, who had arrived to deliver 3 lectures in Prague and Brno, promoting his book "My Awakening", was arrested for allegedly creating a threat of "neo-nazi", "Holocaust denial" and "approval of human rights violations", for which the supposed Czech punishment is incarceration for up to 3 years.

Internet commentary

Stormfront

In 1995, Don Black and Chloê Hardin, Duke's ex-wife, began a small bulletin board system (BBS) called Stormfront. Today, Stormfront has become a premier online forum for white nationalism, neo-nazism, hate speech, racism, and antisemitism.[68][69][70] Duke has an account on Stormfront which he uses to post articles from his own website, www.davidduke.com, as well as polling forum members for opinions and questions, in particular during his internet broadcasts. Duke has worked with Don Black on numerous projects including Operation Red Dog in 1980.[71][72]

Davidduke.com

On February 5, 2002, Duke said, on his Internet radio show, that Ariel Sharon was "the world's worst terrorist" and that Mossad was involved in the September 11, 2001, attacks. The broadcast said that Zionists were behind the attacks in order to reduce sympathy for Muslim nations in the West, and that the number of Israelis killed in the attack was lower than it would be under normal circumstances, citing early assessments by The Jerusalem Post and "the legendary involvement of Israeli nationals in businesses at the World Trade Center". According to Duke, this indicated that Israeli security services had prior knowledge of the attack.[73]

On August 5, 2005, Duke published an article stating support for Cindy Sheehan, saying that "The Iraq war and her son’s death did not defend America from hatred or terrorism" and that "In fact, the war is massively increasing hatred and terrorism. For every one terrorist killed in Iraq, we are creating thousands more who hate and want to hurt America and Americans. This is the surest way to lose the war on terror, not win it."[74]

On February 4, 2009, Duke repeatedly called MSNBC pundit Keith Olbermann "untermensch" on his radio show in response to being labelled "Worst Person in the World" on Countdown with Keith Olbermann.[75]

Public appearances

Public address in Damascus

On November 24, 2005, Duke visited Damascus, Syria, addressing a rally which was broadcast on Syrian television, and later giving an interview.[76] During the rally, he referred to Israel as a "war-mongering country", adding that "Washington, New York and London and many other capitals of the world" are "occupied by the Zionists."[77]

After speaking to the Syrian people, Duke was interviewed, where he said that Israel "makes the Nazi state look very, very moderate." Syrian parliament member Muhammad Habash replied that Duke's visit gave Syrians a "new and very positive view of the average American."[78][79][76]

Comments in the media

Since 2005, Duke has appeared three times on Current Issues, a Lafayette, Louisiana–based television show hosted and produced by Palestinian-American Hesham Tillawi, which has recently been picked up by Bridges TV. Show host Tillawi gave Duke the opportunity to discourse at length about his beliefs about Jewish supremacism. On a show in October 2005, Duke claimed that Jewish extremists are responsible for undermining the morality of America and are attempting to "wash the world in blood."[80]

After John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt's paper on the Israel Lobby appeared in March 2006, Duke praised the paper in a number of articles on his website, on his March 18 Live Web Radio Broadcast, and on MSNBC's March 21 Scarborough Country program.[81] According to the New York Sun, Duke said in an email, "It is quite satisfying to see a body in the premier American University essentially come out and validate every major point I have been making since even before the war even started." Duke added that "the task before us is to wrest control of America's foreign policy and critical junctures of media from the Jewish extremist Neocons that seek to lead us into what they expectantly call World War IV."

Conferences

File:Conference day 1.JPG
The first day of the International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust. Left to right: David Duke; Gazi Hussein (Syria); Dr Rahmandost (conference chair, Society for Supporting People of Palestine); Jan Bernhoff, a Swedish teacher who maintains that 300,000 Jews died during the Holocaust[82]; Fredrick Töben, director of the Adelaide Institute, Australia.

Duke organized a gathering of "European Nationalists" who signed the New Orleans Protocol on May 29, 2004. The signatories agreed to avoid infighting among far-right racialists.

On June 3, 2005, Duke co-chaired a conference named "Zionism As the Biggest Threat to Modern Civilization" in Ukraine, sponsored by the Interregional Academy of Personnel Management. The conference was attended by several notable Ukrainian public figures and politicians, and writer Israel Shamir .[2]

Duke claims that Swedish police thwarted an attempted assassination against him, in August 2005, while Duke was speaking in Sweden.[83]

On the weekend of June 8-10, 2006, Duke attended as a speaker at the international "White World's Future" conference in Moscow, which was coordinated and hosted by Pavel Tulaev.[84]

On December 11-13, 2006, Duke attended the International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust in Tehran, Iran, opened by Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, stating "The Holocaust is the device used as the pillar of Zionist imperialism, Zionist aggression, Zionist terror and Zionist murder."[85]

On April 24, 2009 he was arrested by Czech police in Prague, suspected of either defending or denying the holocaust, a criminal offense in the Czech Republic.[86][87] He was invited to the Czech republic in order to speak at a number of conferences organized by a right-wing extremist Czech group in both Prague and Brno.[88]

Tax Fraud

David Duke pleaded guilty to the felony charge of filing a false tax return under 26 U.S.C. § 7206 and mail fraud under 18 U.S.C. § 1341 in December 2002.[89]

Four months later, Duke was sentenced to 15 months in prison, and he served the time in Big Spring, Texas. He was also fined US$10,000, ordered to cooperate with the Internal Revenue Service, and to pay money still owed for his 1998 taxes. Following his release in May 2004, he stated that his decision to take the plea bargain was motivated by the bias that he perceived in the United States federal court system and not his guilt. He said he felt the charges were contrived to derail his political career and discredit him to his followers, and that he took the safe route by pleading guilty and receiving a mitigated sentence, rather than pleading not guilty and potentially receiving the full sentence.

Duke pled guilty to what prosecutors described as a six-year scheme to dupe thousands of his followers by asking for donations. Through postal mail, Duke later appealed to his supporters that he was about to lose his house and his life savings. Prosecutors claimed that Duke raised hundreds of thousands of dollars in this campaign. Prosecutors also claimed he sold his home at a hefty profit, had multiple investment accounts, and spent much of his money gambling at casinos.[90][91][92][93]

The entire file of court documents related to this case can be found at The Smoking Gun website, including details on the December 12, 2002 guilty plea to federal charges that he filed a false tax return and committed mail fraud.[94]

Don Black claims that Duke was targeted in this way by the government to discredit him.[95]

New Orleans Protocol

Shortly after his release from prison, Duke organized a weekend gathering of "European Nationalists", in the vein of White nationalism, in Kenner, Louisiana. In an attempt to overcome the splintering and division that had followed the death of William Pierce in 2002, he presented a unity proposal for peace within the movement and a better image amongst outsiders. His proposal was accepted and is now known as the "New Orleans Protocol". It pledges adherents to a pan-European outlook, recognizing national and ethnic allegiance, but stressing the value of all European peoples. It has three provisions:[96][97]

  1. "Zero tolerance for violence."
  2. "Honorable and ethical behavior in relations with other signatory groups. This includes not denouncing others who have signed this protocol. In other words, no enemies on the right."
  3. "Maintaining a high tone in our arguments and public presentations."

Those who signed the pact on May 29, 2004 include Duke, Paul Fromm, Don Black, Willis Carto, Kevin Alfred Strom and John Tyndall (signing as an individual, not on behalf of his British National Party.)[96]

Election history

State Senator, 1975 (Baton Rouge Area)

Threshold > 50%

First Ballot, November 1, 1975

Candidate Affiliation Support Outcome
Kenneth Osterberger Democratic 22,287 (66%) Elected
David Duke Democratic 11,079 (33%) Defeated
Others n.a. (1%) Defeated

State Senator, 10th District, 1979 (Suburban New Orleans) Threshold > 50% First Ballot, October 27, 1979

Candidate Affiliation Support Outcome
Joseph Tiemann Democratic 21,329 (57%) Elected
David Duke Democratic 9,897 (26%) Defeated
Others n.a. 6,459 (17%) Defeated

Democratic Nomination for United States Presidential Candidate, 1988 (Louisiana Results) Threshold = Plurality Primary Day, March 8, 1988

Candidate Affiliation Support Outcome
Jesse Jackson Democratic 221,522 (35%) Won Louisiana
Al Gore Democratic 174,971 (28%) Lost Louisiana
Michael Dukakis Democratic 95,661 (15%) Lost Louisiana
Dick Gephardt Democratic 67,029 (11%) Lost Louisiana
Gary Hart Democratic 26,437 (4%) Lost Louisiana
David Duke Democratic 23,391 (4%) Lost Louisiana
Others Democratic 16,008 (3%) Lost Louisiana

United States President 1988 (Louisiana Results)

Threshold = Plurality

Election Day, November 8, 1988

Candidate Affiliation Support Outcome
George Bush & Dan Quayle Republican 883,672 (54%) Won Louisiana
Michael Dukakis & Lloyd Bentsen Democratic 717,309 (44%) Lost Louisiana
David Duke & Floyd Parker Independent Populist 18,612 (1%) Lost Louisiana
Others n.a. 8,429 (1%) Lost Louisiana

State Representative, 81st Representative District, 1989 (Suburban New Orleans) Threshold > 50% First Ballot, January 21, 1989

Candidate Affiliation Support Outcome
David Duke Republican 33% Runoff
John Treen Republican 19% Runoff
Delton Charles Republican 17% Defeated
Others n.a. 31% Defeated

Second Ballot, February 18, 1989

Candidate Affiliation Support Outcome
David Duke Republican 8,459 (51%) Elected
John Treen Republican 8,232 (49%) Defeated

United States Senator, 1990 Threshold > 50% First Ballot, October 6, 1990

Candidate Affiliation Support Outcome
J. Bennett Johnston Democratic 753,198 (54%) Elected
David Duke Republican 607,091 (43%) Defeated
Others n.a. 35,923 (3%) Defeated

Governor of Louisiana, 1991 Threshold > 50% First Ballot, October 9, 1991

Candidate Affiliation Support Outcome
Edwin Edwards Democratic 523,096 (34%) Runoff
David Duke Republican 491,342 (32%) Runoff
Buddy Roemer Republican 410,690 (27%) Defeated
Others n.a. 124,127 (7%) Defeated

Second Ballot, November 16, 1991

Candidate Affiliation Support Outcome
Edwin Edwards Democratic 1,057,031 (61%) Elected
David Duke Republican 671,009 (39%) Defeated

Republican Nomination for United States Presidential Candidate, 1992 (Louisiana Results)

Threshold = Plurality

Primary Day, March 10, 1992

Candidate Affiliation Support Outcome
George Bush Republican 83,747 (62%) Won Louisiana
Pat Buchanan Republican 36,526 (27%) Lost Louisiana
David Duke Republican 11,956 (9%) Lost Louisiana
Others Republican 2,885 (2%) Lost Louisiana

United States Senator, 1996

Threshold > 50%

First Ballot, September 21, 1996

Candidate Affiliation Support Outcome
Woody Jenkins Republican 322,244 (26%) Runoff
Mary Landrieu Democratic 264,268 (22%) Runoff
Richard Ieyoub Democratic 250,682 (20%) Defeated
David Duke Republican 141,489 (12%) Defeated
Others n.a. 249,913 (20%) Defeated

Second Ballot, November 5, 1996

Candidate Affiliation Support Outcome
Mary Landrieu Democratic 852,945 (50%) Elected
Woody Jenkins Republican 847,157 (50%) Defeated

U. S. Representative, Louisiana's 1st Congressional District, 1999 (Suburban New Orleans)

Threshold > 50%

First Ballot, May 1, 1999

Candidate Affiliation Support Outcome
David Treen Republican 36,719 (25%) Runoff
David Vitter Republican 31,741 (22%) Runoff
David Duke Republican 28,059 (19%) Defeated
Monica Monica Republican 22,928 (16%) Defeated
Others n.a. 27,051 (18%) Defeated

Second Ballot, May 29, 1999

Candidate Affiliation Support Outcome
David Vitter Republican 61,661 (51%) Elected
David Treen Republican 59,849 (49%) Defeated

References

  1. ^ "Should Christians support Israel?". Retrieved 2006-08-27.
  2. ^ David Duke. "My Awakening: A Path to Racial Understanding". Free Speech Press. Retrieved 2007-09-17.
  3. ^ "David Duke: White Revolution on the Internet". Anti-Defamation League. Retrieved 2006-11-13.
  4. ^ "A Wall of Wizards". Retrieved 2006-11-13.
  5. ^ "Now and Then: On Doubting Thomas and Dissing Duke". The News & Record. AccessMyLibrary. 2002-03-10. Retrieved 2006-11-13.
  6. ^ "American Notes Elections". Time Magazine. 1989-02-20. Retrieved 2006-11-13.
  7. ^ Lee, Martin A. (2003). "Insatiable". Intelligence Report. Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 2006-11-13.
  8. ^ Duke, David (2005-03-12). "David Duke answers an email about whether he is a racist". Retrieved 2006-08-31.
  9. ^ a b Duke, David. "An Aryan Vision". My Awakening. SolarGeneral. Retrieved 2006-11-13.
  10. ^ Duke, David (2004-10-23). "Kayla Rolland: One More Victim". Retrieved 2006-11-13.
  11. ^ "David Duke: In His Own Words / On Segregation". Anti-Defamation League. Retrieved 2006-11-13.
  12. ^ ISSUES '92 PROFILE: DAVID DUKE; Orange County Register. Santa Ana, Calif.: Mar 2, 1992. pg. a.04
  13. ^ a b c d Bridges, Tyler (1995). The Rise of David Duke. University of Mississippi Press. ISBN 0-87805-678-5.
  14. ^ Rose, Douglas. The Emergence of David Duke and the Politics of Race University of North Carolina Press. 1992
  15. ^ The Hatemongers Get a New Tailor. The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education. Winter 1996/1997.
  16. ^ a b Amend, Jeanne W. (1992). "The Picayune Catches Up With David Duke". Columbia Journalism Review. Retrieved 2006-09-01. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  17. ^ "David Duke". Anti-Defamation League. Retrieved 2006-09-01.
  18. ^ Kim, T. K. (2005). "Electronic Storm". Intelligence Report. Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 2006-08-31.
  19. ^ http://www.dcpoliticalreport.com/members/1988/pres88.htm D.C.'s Political Report. "1988 Presidential Candidates," (retrieved on April 4th, 2009).
  20. ^ "GOP Condemns Duke" Newsday. Long Island, N.Y.: Feb 25, 1989. pg. 09
  21. ^ Benton, Joshua (1999-05-01). "National: David Duke Reverts to Unabashed Racism in Congress run". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Block News Alliance. Retrieved 2006-09-01.
  22. ^ Gullixson, Paul (1995-04-12). "Part 4: Taking on David Duke". Palo Alto Weekly. Palo Alto Weekly. Retrieved 2006-09-02.
  23. ^ Johnson, Ben (2005-08-18). "American Nazi Idol". FrontPageMagazine.com. Retrieved 2006-09-02.
  24. ^ "Louisiana Republican Quits, Reducing Duke's Chances". Washington Post. 1990-10-05.
  25. ^ The New York Times. 1992-07-10. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Text "title Examining the Appeal of David Duke's Oratory" ignored (help)
  26. ^ "Iran, David Duke and me". rachmanblogg on FT.com. 2006-12-12. Retrieved 2006-12-13.
  27. ^ Suro, Roberto. "THE 1991 ELECTION: Louisiana; Bush Denounces Duke As Racist and Charlatan". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-04-19.
  28. ^ "DAVID DUKE GOING FOR U.S. SENATE SEAT" SHEILA GRISSETT East Jefferson bureau. Times Picayune New Orleans, La.: Feb 23, 1996. pg. B.1
  29. ^ Lee, Martin A. (2003). "Detailing David Duke". Intelligence Report. Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 2006-08-31.
  30. ^ "David Duke: In His Own Words". Anti-Defamation League. Retrieved 2006-08-31.
  31. ^ Civil rights figure explains 'renegade' views to BCC students
  32. ^ David Duke Heads North to Raise Money for House Race" By MICHAEL JANOFSKY, New York Times, January 3, 1999
  33. ^ a b Edsall, Thomas B. (1998-12-21). "David Duke to Seek Livingston's Seat". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-09-20. Yesterday, the party moved quickly once again to disassociate itself from Duke. Republican National Committee Chairman Jim Nicholson declared: "There is no room in the party of Lincoln for a Klansman like David Duke."
  34. ^ Sabludowsky, Steve (2004-08-06). "David Duke Close Associate Runs for Congress in Race With Indian-American Bobby Jindal". BayouBuzz.com. Retrieved 2006-09-01.
  35. ^ Burdeau, Cain (2000-11-17). "KKK Leader David Duke's Home is Raided by Federal Agents". Associated Press/. Retrieved 2006-09-01.
  36. ^ "Photo of David Duke at a Klan cross lighting ceremony". Retrieved 2006-09-02.
  37. ^ Sabludowsky, Steve (2004-05-20). "Local NAACP Leader Tries to Stop David Duke". BayouBuzz.com. Retrieved 2006-09-02.
  38. ^ "Holocaust Denial: A Global Survey — 2003". The David S. Wyman Institute for Holocaust Studies. 2003. Retrieved 2006-09-02. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  39. ^ Lipstadt, Deborah (2005-11-28). "David Duke Visits Syria to support Syrian Government and Attack Jews and Israel". Retrieved 2006-09-02.
  40. ^ Churchill, Ward (1996). "Assaults on Truth and Memory: Holocaust Denial in Context". ZNet. Retrieved 2006-09-02. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  41. ^ "Holocaust Denial: The State of Play". The Australian Jewish News. 2004-01-22. Retrieved 2006-09-02.
  42. ^ Duke, David (2005-02-26). "Free Zundel!". Retrieved 2006-09-02.
  43. ^ "Ernst Zundel". Anti-Defamation League. Retrieved 2006-09-02.
  44. ^ Duke, David (2005-09-09). "David Duke Achieves Doctorate in Ukraine". Retrieved 2006-11-16.
  45. ^ "Ukraine University of Hate". Anti-Defamation League. 2006-11-03. Retrieved 2006-11-16.
  46. ^ "Foreign Minister Tarasyuk: MAUP Activities Unlawful". Ukrainian Embassy. 2005-01-24. Retrieved 2006-11-16.
  47. ^ Gawdiak, Ihor (2006-01-27). "Ukrainian American Organization [UACC] Gratified by Official Condemnation of Anti-Semitic Institution in Ukraine". BRAMA News and Community Press. Retrieved 2006-11-16.
  48. ^ Levin, Mark (2006-01-25). "Ukraine Government Calls for Action Against Anti-Semitism". NCSJ. Retrieved 2006-11-16.
  49. ^ "ADL Welcomes Ukraine's Strong Condemnation of University Fomenting Anti-Semitism". Anti-Defamation League. 2006-01-25. Retrieved 2006-11-16.
  50. ^ Blumenthal, Max (2006-03-23). "Republicanizing the Race Card". The Nation. Retrieved 2006-11-16.
  51. ^ ADL: Ukraine University of Hate
  52. ^ David Duke Achieves Doctorate in Ukraine
  53. ^ The Official Website of Representative David Duke, PhD » David Duke Achieves Doctorate in Ukraine
  54. ^ Foxman, Abraham (1999). "David Duke's My Awakening: A Minor League Mein Kampf". Anti-Defamation League. Retrieved 2006-11-16. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  55. ^ The Official Website of Representative David Duke, PhD » Day 1 of the 21 Day Fundraising Drive for the New, Updated Edition of My Awakening
  56. ^ Duke, David (2005-12-05). "Jewish Supremacism: Author's Preface". Jewish Supremacism. Retrieved 2006-11-16.
  57. ^ David Duke in Russia. Anti-Defamation League. Retrieved on November 16, 2006.]
  58. ^ "Закрыто дело Миронова", Русский вестник, 2001-12-19. Retrieved on November 16, 2006. (Russian)]
  59. ^ Mearsheimer and Free Speech Issues MP3 (10/11/06) by David Duke
  60. ^ Duke Responds to Walt and Mearsheimer! MP3 (10/10/06) by David Duke
  61. ^ More Fallout from Walt and Mearsheimer MP3 (5/19/06) by David Duke
  62. ^ The Official Website of Representative David Duke, PhD » Philip Weiss Reviews Walt and Mearsheimer’s New Book!
  63. ^ Lake, Eli. David Duke Claims to Be Vindicated By a Harvard Dean, New York Sun, March 20, 2006. Accessed March 28, 2006.
  64. ^ a b c The Official Website of Representative David Duke, PhD » We Sincerely Need the Support of Every Reader and Supporter of Davidduke.com
  65. ^ ADL: David Duke's European American Conference: Racists Gather in New Orleans
  66. ^ [Duke, David. Jewish Supremacism: Author's Preface. Jewish Supremacism.]
  67. ^ update published 2007
  68. ^ "RedState, White Supremacy, and Responsibility", Daily Kos, December 5, 2005
  69. ^ Bill O'Reilly, "Circling the Wagons in Georgia", Fox News, May 8, 2003
  70. ^ http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/domains/decisions/html/2001/dtv2001-0023.html "WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center: Case No. DTV2001-0023"], WIPO, January 13, 2002
  71. ^ Captmike works undercover with the US Government to stop the invasion of the Island Nation of Dominica. manana.com
  72. ^ Operation Red Dog: Canadian neo-nazis were central to the planned invasion of Dominica in 1981 canadiancontent.ca
  73. ^ Ariel Sharon: The terrorist behind the 9-11 Attack! by David Duke
  74. ^ Why Cindy Sheehan is Right!by David Duke
  75. ^ http://www.stormfront.org/audio/stormfront_radio-dr_david_duke_and_don_black-02-04-09.mp3
  76. ^ a b "American White Supremacist David Duke: Israel Makes the Nazi State Look Very Moderate", interview with David Duke on Syrian television, the Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI), November 25, 2005. Clip of the interview and of Duke's speech to a Syrian rally can be viewed here.
  77. ^ Screenshot whoknew.us
  78. ^ David Duke in Syria: Zionists Occupy Washington, NY and London IsraelNationalNews.com
  79. ^ "Israel Makes the Nazi State Look Very Moderate" Aljazeera.com
  80. ^ Interview with David Duke broadcast on “Bridges TV” network
  81. ^ 'Scarborough Country' for March 21, show transcript, MSNBC, March 21 2006.
  82. ^ "Swedish teacher at Holocaust denial conference", The Local, December 14, 2006.
  83. ^ Assassination Attempt Against David Duke Fails by David Duke
  84. ^ Historic Moscow Conference davidduke.com
  85. ^ "Iranian leader says Israel will be ‘wiped out’: Ahmadinejad renews heated rhetoric at meeting of Holocaust deniers", Associated Press, December 12, 2006.
  86. ^ Policie v Praze zatkla bývalého vůdce Ku-klux-klanu Dukea idnes.cz Template:Cs icon
  87. ^ Czech police arrest former Ku Klux Klan leader Duke ČTK
  88. ^ [1]
  89. ^ Sam Ser. "Hi-tech helping to spread Web of hatred". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 2007-09-17.. David Duke comments on article
  90. ^ David Duke pleads to mail fraud, tax charges USA Today
  91. ^ David Duke Gets 15-Month Sentence for Fraud FoxNews.com
  92. ^ Ex-Klan Leader David Duke Indicted CBSNews.com
  93. ^ Duke pleads guilty to fraud, false tax claims CNN.com
  94. ^ Tax Fraud Court Papers thesmokinggun.com
  95. ^ Don Black. "My Opinion on the David Duke Case". Focal Point Publishing. Retrieved 2007-09-17. With comments by David Irving.
  96. ^ a b "Freed from prison, David Duke mounts a comeback". Southern Poverty Law Center Intelligence Report, Summer 2004.
  97. ^ "The New Orleans Protocol". Canadian Heritage Alliance website.

Works and filmography

External links

Louisiana House of Representatives
Preceded by
Chuck Cusimano
 State Representative, 81st Representative District
1989–1992 		Succeeded by

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