CYP2C19
Template:PBB Cytochrome P450 2C19 (abbreviated CYP2C19), a member of the cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase system, is involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics in the body. It is involved in the metabolism of several important groups of drugs including many proton pump inhibitors and antiepileptics. In humans, the CYP2C19 protein is encoded by the CYP2C19 gene.[1][2]
CYP2C19 has been annotated as (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase and (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase in UniProt.
Function
This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases that catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and is known to metabolize many xenobiotics, including the anticonvulsive drug mephenytoin, omeprazole, diazepam and some barbiturates. Polymorphism within this gene is associated with variable ability to metabolize mephenytoin, known as the poor metabolizer and extensive metabolizer phenotypes. The gene is located within a cluster of cytochrome P450 genes on chromosome no.10 arm q24.[3]
Genetic polymorphism and pharmacogenomics
Genetic polymorphism (mainly CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3 and CYP2C19*17) exists for CYP2C19 expression, with approximately 3–5% of Caucasian and 15–20% of Asian populations being poor metabolisers with no CYP2C19 function.[4][5]
Ligands
See also
References
- ^ Romkes M, Faletto MB, Blaisdell JA, Raucy JL, Goldstein JA (1991). "Cloning and expression of complementary DNAs for multiple members of the human cytochrome P450IIC subfamily". Biochemistry. 30 (13): 3247–55. PMID 2009263.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Gray IC, Nobile C, Muresu R, Ford S, Spurr NK (1995). "A 2.4-megabase physical map spanning the CYP2C gene cluster on chromosome 10q24". Genomics. 28 (2): 328–32. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1149. PMID 8530044.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Entrez Gene: CYP2C19 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 19".
- ^ Bertilsson L (1995). "Geographical/interracial differences in polymorphic drug oxidation. Current state of knowledge of cytochromes P450 (CYP) 2D6 and 2C19". Clin Pharmacokinet. 29 (3): 192–209. PMID 8521680.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Desta Z, Zhao X, Shin JG, Flockhart DA (2002). "Clinical significance of the cytochrome P450 2C19 genetic polymorphism". Clin Pharmacokinet. 41 (12): 913–58. PMID 12222994.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Where classes of agents are listed, there may be exceptions within the class
- ^ a b Mentioned both in the reference named FASS and were previously mentioned in Wikipedia. Further contributions may follow other systems
- ^ Zhang Y, Si D, Chen X, Lin N, Guo Y, Zhou H, Zhong D (2007). "Influence of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms on pharmacokinetics of gliclazide MR in Chinese subjects". Br J Clin Pharmacol. 64 (1): 67–74. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02846.x. PMC 2000619. PMID 17298483.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Xu H, Williams KM, Liauw WS, Murray M, Day RO, McLachlan AJ (2008). "Effects of St John's wort and CYP2C9 genotype on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of gliclazide". Br. J. Pharmacol. 153 (7): 1579–86. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707685. PMID 18204476.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Flockhart, DA (2007). "Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table". Indiana University School of Medicine. Retrieved on December 25, 2008.
- ^ Swedish environmental classification of pharmaceuticals Facts for prescribers (Fakta för förskrivare)