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Socialist Alternative (Australia)

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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 124.190.18.173 (talk) at 08:03, 1 May 2011 (they have been attacked by AUJS yes, but slander is a legal term implying illegal speech. not to mention being POV). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Socialist Alternative
LeaderCollective leadership (Elected National Committee)
Founded1995
HeadquartersVictorian Trades Hall, Melbourne, Australia
IdeologyMarxism,
Trotskyism,
Revolutionary socialism,
International socialism,
Anti-capitalism
Anti-Stalinist left
Political positionFar-left
Website
www.sa.org.au

Socialist Alternative (SA) is a Trotskyist political organisation in Australia formed by a split from the former International Socialist Organisation (ISO) in 1995.[1] It claims to have the largest active membership on the Australian far left.[2] One of its stated aims is to build a mass party "that can lead the fight against capitalism and bring the working class to power",[3] however it does not consider itself a party at its current size and influence.[4] Originating in the political tradition of the International Socialist Tendency, SA defend the position that a socialist revolution can only come about through a genuine workers' movement "from below" and argue that all existing states commonly described as socialist countries are actually "state capitalist" economies.

With branches in most major Australian cities,[5] their membership is active in the trade union and student union movements, intervening in progressive campaigns from a revolutionary perspective. SA oppose the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, and is most visible in student politics, on university campuses and through the National Union of Students, including their participation in campaigns such as those supporting same-sex marriage, refugee rights and Palestinian liberation.

The organisation has come under attack from a range of factions in student politics, including Liberal students,[6][7] both Left[8] and Right Labor students[9][10][11] and the Australasian Union of Jewish Students.[6][7] SA are also critical of other left organisations in Australia such as the former Democratic Socialist Perspective and the Revolutionary Socialist Party for what they perceive as their Stalinist tendencies,[12] while attempting to mend its strained relationship with the former ISO who dissolved to form Solidarity.[13][14]

SA host an annual conference in Melbourne each year called Marxism, which has grown to attract several hundred participants, including national and international guest speakers such as John Pilger.[15] They also produce political commentary and analysis through their own various publications[16][17][18][19] and through other publishers[20][21][22] in which the organisation puts forward its positions on Australian and international issues.

History

Expulsion from the International Socialist Organisation

SA was established in 1995 by ex-members of the former International Socialist Organisation (ISO) in Melbourne. Following debates over the orientation of the ISO to the political situation, the members were expelled for arguing the ISO held overblown expectations of the 1990s.[2] This was part of the debate internationally within the International Socialist Tendency (IST) over the nature of the contemporary political situation and how socialists should respond, with the leading organisation in the IST, the British Socialist Workers Party (SWP) arguing, the 1990s were like "the 1930s in slow motion".[23] Like in Australia, splits occurred within the IST in other countries, including New Zealand, Greece, Germany, Canada, South Africa and France. In addition to splits, the International Socialist Organization in the United States was expelled from the IST.[24]

SA has links with a number of other groups which were previously part of the IST, such as the ISO in America, the Internationalist Workers' Left in Greece, the International Socialist Organisation in New Zealand and Socialisme International in France.

Early years

Until 2003, SA was based primarily in Melbourne, until the organisation began to establish branches in other Australian cities, however Melbourne still maintains the largest membership nationally with three branches.[5] SA now claim to have the largest cadre organisation in the country.[2]

SA was asked to join the Socialist Alliance in 2002.[25] The Alliance grouped together the Democratic Socialist Perspective (DSP), the ISO, and other left groups and individuals. SA eventually declined to join[26] due to the Socialist Alliance's strong emphasis on running in parliamentary elections. This parliamentary emphasis in the flat political climate was seen by SA as a restriction to building activism on the ground and representing a turn towards reformist politics.[4]

Israeli invasion of Lebanon and allegations of anti-Semitism

In 2006, SA claimed their members were wrongly accused by the Australasian Union of Jewish Students of "exploiting ethnic tensions to promote anti-Semitism and recruit members" at the University of Melbourne and other Melbourne campuses.[27] They were accused of assaulting Australian Liberal Students' Federation students who supported Israel during the Lebanon War. SA was likewise accused of being unsympathetic to Jewish groups during what was allegedly the highest period of anti-Semitism since the 1940s and demonstrating on university campuses where the majority of this was occurring.[6] A member of SA from RMIT University wrote a controversial email referring to some pro-Israel students at that university as "Zionists (who) felt the need to assert their racism and fetish for genocide and mass slaughter of Arab people".[28]

SA members argue that they are anti-Zionist and not anti-Semitic. According to some Zionists, this is a way for anti-Semitic groups to voice their views without being branded as racist,[29] but SA claims that accusations of anti-Semitism are slander from apologists of "Israeli apartheid"[30] and maintain that such slander "just makes it more difficult to fight actual anti-Semitism".[7] SA claims that its goal is to "demolish the lies upon which the racist state of Israel was built, and argue for the only real solution to the Middle East conflict - a single secular, democratic state in historic Palestine, one in which Palestinians and Jews can live in equality and peace".

SA maintains that Israel does not represent Jews, but simply claims to do so. Furthermore, SA points out they have many, including some leading, non-Zionist Jewish members, such as Rick Kuhn[31] and Patrick Weiniger.[32] Vashti Kenway, (Students Against War and Racism and leading SA member) insists that the organisation "take[s] a firm stand against all forms of racism".[6] Mick Armstrong of SA claimed that the organisation has "supported innumerable protests against anti-Semitic bigots such as the Holocaust denier David Irving" and believes that Israel's most strident critics are often Jewish themselves, citing Jewish Marxists Leon Trotsky and Rosa Luxemburg in their opposition to Zionism, who saw it as a pro-imperialist ideology.

Proposed unity with Solidarity

As of October 2010, the organisation began pursuing unity talks with Solidarity, the other Australian socialist organisation originating from the IST and the successor group of the ISO. SA argues that the existence of two separate organisations sharing the same basic politics ultimately undermines the credibility of the revolutionary left, and that the differences between the two organisations are of tactics rather than principles and can therefore be debated within a single group.[13][14]

Orientation

Members of Socialist Alternative assisted in the construction of this effigy of former Prime Minister John Howard, made by the Victorian College of the Arts Student Union. The building in the background is RMIT University which was occupied during a demonstration against education cuts in 2005.

Branches

The organisation has branches in Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, Canberra, Perth and Adelaide.[5] In Melbourne, SA are based at Victorian Trades Hall.[33] Regular activities of the organisation include holding information stalls, and conducting weekly discussion meetings focused on current political developments and Marxist theory. Branches are also the organising centers of the group, in which the day-to-day campaign activity of the organisation is discussed. SA usually advertise their activities by conducting postering campaigns, particularly on inner-city campuses and in the surrounding suburbs. The discussions also give an opportunity for interested people to become new members of the organisation.

Student union and trade union activity

SA is known within Australian student politics for its hostility towards both the Liberal[34] and Labor parties[35] and for its focus on recruitment at university campuses and demonstrations. Student and student union activists are the main composition of SA's membership. Their political work emphasises university-based campaigns. According to National Executive member Mick Armstrong, SA's focus on student work is part of a perspective that the organisation has adopted for the political period, due to what they see as their limited size and influence in the working class movement and the lack of any substantial radicalisation in society.[36] SA's political orientation to students mirrors the development of the British Socialist Workers Party during the 1980s.[37]

SA participates in the National Union of Students as a faction, of which it claims to be the largest to the left of the National Labor Students.[2] The membership of the organisation also includes secondary school students, active in their schools.[38] The membership's workers are politically active within the trade union appropriate for their industry, while employed student members are also involved in their respective trade union.[39][40]

SA has active trade union members in, amongst others, the Australian Services Union, the National Union of Workers, the Australian Education Union, the Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union, the Community and Public Sector Union, the Electrical Trades Union of Australia and the National Tertiary Education Union, in which lecturer and SA member Liam Ward was elected to the RMIT University Branch Committee as part of a left-wing oppositional ticket that replaced the previously established union leadership in 2010.[41]

SA members are, or have previously been active in student unions such as the Queensland University of Technology Student Guild, Swinburne Student Union, La Trobe University Student Representative Council, Monash Student Association, University of Melbourne Student Union, RMIT Student Union, University of Western Sydney Students' Association, University of Sydney Union, Charles Sturt University Students' Association, University of Melbourne Graduate Student Association and Victorian College of the Arts Student Union.[2][42][43]

Campaign activity

A participant in the Refugee Action Collective, Socialist Alternative took part in a 2002 protest at the Woomera Detention Centre in which demonstrators tore down the fences of the facility and succeeded in breaking out several refugees.

With a presence within most left-wing campaigns in cities with its largest branches, SA has participated in protests against the Australian Government's attacks on industrial relations[44] and higher education,[45] campaigns for the rights of refugees,[46] the right of women to access free abortions on demand, the right of same-sex couples to marry,[47] in anti-racism,[48] anti-capitalism and anti-globalisation demonstrations[49] and the campaign against the operation of the Jabiluka uranium mine.[50]

Since early 2009, SA has played a role in Students for Palestine, a nation-wide network of pro-Palestinian student activists and have been involved in demonstrations[51] and campus activity,[52] including the protests against the 2010 Gaza flotilla raid[53] and helping fundraise for the Viva Palestina 5.[54]

SA has also been involved with the Stop the War Coalition[55] and participated in other anti-war demonstrations in the country, including the protests against the 2008-2009 war on Gaza,[56] the 2007 APEC Conference,[57] the 2006 G20 Summit,[58] the 2006 war on Lebanon,[59] as well as the ongoing wars on Iraq and Afghanistan.[60]

They have helped organise within the Refugee Action Collective[61][62] and participated in protests against detention centres such as Woomera[63] and Baxter,[46] including the breaking out of refugees and continue to campaign around the issue.[64] SA members are identifiable during protests with the red flags carried in their contingent or red bloc.[65]

Elections

SA maintain the position that parliamentary elections are not the key to social change but do not reject voting in these elections outright. Therefore the organisation promotes who they vote for in their magazine and website during election periods.

Before the 2001 federal election they called for a vote for the Socialist Alliance in the seats it contested, for its "unambiguously anti-war and pro-worker stance". In the other seats, they called for what they said was "little choice but to grit our teeth" and vote for the Labor Party (ALP) over the Liberals.[66]

Before the 2004 federal election they called for a vote for the ALP or the Greens in the lower house in the hope to remove the Liberals, and a vote for the Greens in the Senate to remove the Democrats for what they saw as their co-option by the Liberals. The Greens vote was a protest vote against the ALP, whom SA characterized as alienating their traditional support base.[67]

Before the 2007 federal election they called for a first preference vote for the Greens and a second preference to the ALP, again, as a protest vote against the ALP for what they saw as the party's rightward shift.[68]

Before the 2010 federal election SA called for a first preference vote for either the ALP, the Greens, left or socialist candidates, while putting the Liberals last.[69]

Before the 2010 Victorian state election they called for a vote for Socialist Party candidate Steve Jolly in the seat of Richmond, or for other left-wing candidates, instead of a vote for the ALP or Greens, arguing that Jolly's union-backed campaign confirmed the possibility of a left alternative to the ALP gaining strong votes. Again, they called for voting the Liberals last.[70]

Theory and ideology

Socialist Alternative's red bloc contingent at an anti-WorkChoices demonstration in Melbourne, shortly before the federal election in 2007

The working class

SA analyses the world in terms of the political and economic ideas of Karl Marx, the 19th century revolutionary philosopher. Consequently, it believes that today's capitalist world economy - and its state - need to be overthrown by means of a socialist revolution "from below", in which the direct producers in society - or the working class - unite to overthrow their employers and the ruling class, through democratically expropriating the means of production and reorganising society along lines of mass workers' council democracy. Or, as Marx and his life-long collaborator, Frederick Engels asserted: "The emancipation of the working class must be the work of the working class itself."[71] SA's activities are therefore attempts to mobilise workers and students today in order to facilitate the beginnings of a party to politically lead such a revolution, which they believe will result in an end to not just wage slavery but eventually, all exploitation. SA also believe that as a result of a socialist revolution, phenomena such as racism, sexism and homophobia (which they argue only materialised with the emergence of class society) will eventually disappear alongside the material realities that underpin them - among which include the nuclear family.

Hence, SA are hostile to the Australian ruling class and the Liberal Party and regularly attack the Labor Party (ALP) for what they see as its rightward shift and unwillingness to oppose big business' attacks on workers. In particular, SA are critical of the ALP's Fair Work Australia, which they see as a watered down version of the Liberal's WorkChoices, alongside its maintenance of the Australian Building and Construction Commission. SA also regularly criticize the Greens, whom they consider a middle-class party[72] equally committed to the maintenance of Australian capitalism as the two major parties[73] and accuse them of "populist left nationalism".[74] Therefore, SA reject reformism outright and defend Rosa Luxemburg's position in her work Social Reform or Revolution that reformism is "not the realisation of socialism, but the reform of capitalism".[75]

Likewise, SA are hostile to other far-left tendencies who look to forces outside the working class for liberation, such as anarchism[76] and Castroism,[77] which they characterise as substitutionist,[78] elitist[79] and ultimately, siding with reaction.[80] SA also believe identity politics - such as feminism - are incapable of understanding and fighting oppression. This is due to the proposition that only members of oppressed groups hold an interest in fighting oppression, therefore they believe its core theories seek to unite people across class lines, blurring antagonistic interests within oppressed groups.[81] In the case of the latter as an example, SA believe women's oppression can only disappear with the abolition of all classes.[82]

Revolutionary party

SA claim to be committed to avoiding pretensions they believe characterise much of the left. Describing itself as a "propaganda group" at its current size, SA attempts to relate to its audience primarily on the level of ideas, rather than seeing itself as a mass party that can recruit on the basis of leading struggles. While SA supports existing trade unions as essential components of workers' struggles, they believe that capitalism can only be successfully overthrown in Australia if a mass revolutionary party is built to challenge the hold of the ALP and the trade union bureaucracy over the working class, in conjunction with similar parties leading workers' struggles across the globe. The organisation sees itself as beginning to lay the basis for such a party in Australia through their political orientation today. SA's strategy for building a socialist organisation is outlined in the book, From Little Things Big Things Grow, by one of its leading members, Mick Armstrong.[4]

SA has over the years tried to establish unity talks with both Solidarity and its predecessor organisation, the International Socialist Organisation, (the group from which SA's founders were expelled) yet have remained unsuccessful.[2] This could be largely to do with SA's perspective of currently identifying as a propaganda group, which has been controversial within the Australian left in general.[83][84][85]

Other oppressed groups

SA supports the right to self-determination of Australia's Aboriginal people and opposes the intervention which was initiated by the Howard Government and continued by the Gillard Government in the Northern Territory.[86] The organisation condemns racism and has in the past criticized other far-left groups in Australia, such as Solidarity[2] and the Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP),[87] for what they deem capitulating to racism.

SA also accuses the governments of Australia, the United States and the EU of promoting racist scapegoating toward Arabs and Muslims under the guise of the "War on Terror".[88] They support the right of Muslim women to wear the hijab or burqa and accuse secularists on the far-left who oppose them, such as members of the New Anticapitalist Party in France of anti-Muslim racism, arguing bans on Islamic dress further oppresses Muslims and encourages racism towards them.[89] They support the right of all peoples' to practice religion[90] and have fought for the rights of Muslims in Australia to do so.[91] SA also unconditionally support the right of people in the Middle East today to resist US and Israeli occupation,[92] in line with Vladimir Lenin's position of "the right of oppressed nations to self-determination".[93]

SA oppose both of Australia's major parties' policies on the mandatory detention of asylum seekers seeking to enter Australia, which they characterise as racist and believe that there should be no restrictions on immigration. They call for the release of all refugees currently held in detention, the closure of all immigration detention facilities and contrast Australia's border control laws with accusations of the Australian military and federal police of having invaded the national borders of countries such as the Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea, Tonga, East Timor, Iraq and Afghanistan.[62]

Another position of SA which separates them from much of the Australian far-left, particularly the former Democratic Socialist Perspective (DSP), is their opposition to the Australian military intervention into East Timor in 1999, seeing it as not a humanitarian action but an opportunity for Australia to secure its strategic and economic interests in the region.[94]

State capitalism

While not a member of the International Socialist Tendency, SA remains committed to the ideas and positions associated with the International Socialist tradition of Trotskyism advanced by Tony Cliff, which sees the states of the former USSR, Eastern Europe, China, Vietnam, North Korea and Cuba as being in no sense socialist, rather forms of "state capitalism", where workers are exploited by a bureaucratic ruling class.

SA argue that rival socialist organisations, particularly on the Australian far-left, who promote the idea that such states represent some form of socialism or, what SA terms "socialism from above", such as the Socialist Alliance,[95] the former DSP[96] and the RSP[97] are "Stalinist" in nature.[12]

SA sees the October 1917 Bolshevik revolution in Russia as a genuine socialist revolution but believe what they see as the following imperialist attack on the young socialist republic and the failure of the revolution to spread to Western Europe lead to its ultimate defeat by Stalin's counter-revolution.[98]

Annual conference

SA holds a national public conference called Marxism each Easter weekend. In the past the conference has featured local and international guest speakers such as journalist and documentary maker John Pilger, LGBTI National Equality March co-convener Sherry Wolf, International Socialist Review editor Ashley Smith, Socialisme International editor John Mullen, The Palestine Telegraph journalist and founder Sameh Akram Habeeb, Internationalist Workers' Left central committee member Thanasis Kourkoulas, anti-apartheid activist and Anti-Privatisation Forum founder Trevor Ngwane, Alyawarra nation and Ampilatwatja walk-off against the Northern Territory intervention spokesperson Richard Downs, Intervention Rollback Action Group activist Barbara Shaw, Iraq Veterans Against the War spokesperson Logan Laituri, International Department, Working Peoples Association of Indonesia Vice Chairperson and anti-Soeharto activist Mahendra Kusumawardhana, Egyptian general strike participant Mamdouh Habashi and Globalization Monitor founding member Au Loong-Yu.

John Pilger said of the conference:

Marxism in Melbourne is now Australia’s premier festival of debate and free speech on issues that are either excluded from or suppressed by the mass media: issues such as the government’s agenda for indigenous Australians, Palestine and propaganda in its many disguises. I salute the organisers.[15]

Marxism 2011 will be held from 21–24 April and speakers will include John Pilger, Lenin Rediscovered. What is to be done? in context author Lars Lih, Unite Union organiser Joe Carolan, The Wall Street Journal, The Christian Science Monitor and The Nation journalist Anand Gopal, US International Socialist Organization representative Shaun Harkin and socialists and activists from Greece and the Philippines.[99]

Publications

Magazine and pamphlets

SA publishes its political commentary and analysis twice a week in an online magazine called Socialist Alternative.[16] The hard-copy monthly version of the same name is sold on information stalls, at university campuses and political demonstrations. SA also publishes a range of books and pamphlets.[19]

In 2008 they published a pamphlet arguing for the relevance of Marxism to understand the Global financial crisis: A crime beyond denunciation: a Marxist analysis of capitalist economic crisis and a polemic against the detractors of Lenin and the Bolsheviks: How workers took power: the 1917 Russian Revolution. Both pamphlets were written by Sandra Bloodworth.[100][101]

In 2007 they released From Little Things Big Things Grow: Strategies for building revolutionary socialist organisations by Mick Armstrong,[102] which argues their orientation for building a cadre organisation in times of revolutionary downturn and a critique of the Australian Labor Party: The Labor Party: A Marxist Analysis by Armstrong and Tom Bramble.[103]

Journals and other publications

In 2010, SA launched a biannual theoretical journal aimed at responding to current debates on the left called Marxist Left Review, edited by Bloodworth.[17] The organisation sees the journal as a more substantial publication than it's magazine, providing more in depth arguments on issues such as the class basis and trajectory of the Greens and the liberal defence of the Northern Territory Intervention.[104]

As of 2009, SA members edit the annual online theoretical journal: Marxist Interventions (MI).[105] The journal is an update of the previous MI, which SA members also contributed to.[106] The update aims to move beyond Australian politics, yet retains an Australian bias. The overall aim of MI however, remains the same: to make Australian Marxist writings more readily accessible to audiences.[107] Arguments taken up by MI have included the Marxist attitude towards religion[108] and Australian imperialism during the Pacific War.[109]

SA members have also contributed texts to international publications such as the Marxists Internet Archive,[110] International Socialist Review,[111] Socialist Worker,[112] Monthly Review,[113] CounterPunch[114] and ZNet.[115]

Books by other publishers

Work by leading SA members has been issued by other publishers. In 2010, Cambridge University Press published Tom Bramble and Rick Kuhn's Labor's Conflict: Big Business, Workers and the Politics of Class which traces the history of the Australian Labor Party from its formation through to the Gillard Government from a Marxist perspective. University of Sydney professor Frank Stilwell described it as "recommended reading for anyone wanting to understand the Labor tradition in Australia".[116]

In 2008, Bramble attacked the role of the trade union bureaucracy in Trade Unionism in Australia: A History from Flood to Ebb Tide also published by Cambridge University Press. Australian journalist John Pilger described the book as "An essential read."[117]

Kuhn also wrote a biographical study on the Polish-German Marxist economist, Henryk Grossman: Henryk Grossman and the recovery of Marxism published by University of Illinois Press,[118] for which he won the Deutscher Memorial Prize in 2007.[119] Chris Harman, editor of International Socialism called Kuhn's study "a valuable addition to our theoretical armour."[120]

In 2005, several members contributed to a book analysing Australian working class militancy: Class and Struggle in Australia published by Pearson Education, which Kuhn also edited.[22] Ken Buckley of History Cooperative called it "hard-hitting and sharp".[121]

Also in 2005, Tom O'Lincoln wrote a book on the origins of the Australian ruling class: United We Stand: Class Struggle in Colonial Australia published by Red Rag Publications, which University of Melbourne professor Verity Burgmann said "uncovers new aspects to Australia's history of struggle".[122]

In 2004, Liz Ross wrote Dare to struggle, dare to win! Builders Labourers fight deregistration, 1981-94 published by Vulgar Press, which outlined the history of the militant Builders Labourers Federation. David Renton of Labour History said the book "takes seriously the challenge of understanding the past".[123]

Notable members

Current

Former

See also

References

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