2012 Formula One World Championship

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Sebastian Vettel, the defending World Drivers' Champion.

The 2012 Formula One season will be the 63rd FIA Formula One season. The 2012 season is scheduled to see the return of the United States Grand Prix to the calendar, with the race to be held at a brand-new circuit in Austin, Texas.[1] After being cancelled in 2011 due to civilian protests, the Bahrain Grand Prix will also return to the calendar.[2]

Sebastian Vettel will start the season as the defending World Drivers' Champion, having secured his second championship with a podium finish at the 2011 Japanese Grand Prix.[3] Red Bull Racing defend their World Constructors' Championship.[4]

Pre-season

The pre-season testing season began immediately after the 2011 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix with a three-day 'Young Driver Test' (for drivers with fewer than three Formula One race starts to their name) at the Yas Marina Circuit from 15–17 November 2011.[5] Toro Rosso test driver and Formula Renault 3.5 Series runner-up Jean-Éric Vergne was the fastest driver in every session over the three-day test, driving for Red Bull Racing.[6] The Young Driver Tests also saw the debut of Pirelli's 2012 tyre compounds, with all bar one of the tyre compounds used in 2011 having undergone significant revisions.[7] Several teams, including Williams[8] and Mercedes[9] used the tests as an opportunity to test parts for the 2012 season in the face of a ban on exhaust-blown diffusers.

Car Launches[10]

Launch date Team Car
1 February McLaren MP4-27
3 February Ferrari (TBA)
5 February Red Bull RB8
6 February Sauber C31

Signed teams and drivers

After a dispute between the Formula One Teams Association and the FIA in the first half of 2009, a new Concorde Agreement was signed on 1 August 2009 by the then FIA president Max Mosley and all of the existing teams at the time. The new agreement provides for a continuation of the terms of the 1998 Concorde Agreement, and runs until 31 December 2012.[11]

The FIA published a provisional entry list on 30 November 2011.[12]

Team Constructor Chassis Engine Tyre No. Race Drivers Test/Reserve Driver(s)
Austria Red Bull Racing Red Bull RB8[13] Renault P 1 Germany Sebastian Vettel[14] Switzerland Sébastien Buemi[15]
2 Australia Mark Webber[16]
United Kingdom Vodafone McLaren Mercedes McLaren MP4-27[17] Mercedes P 3 United Kingdom Jenson Button[18] United Kingdom Gary Paffett[19]
4 United Kingdom Lewis Hamilton[20]
Italy Scuderia Ferrari[21] Ferrari TBA Ferrari P 5 Spain Fernando Alonso[22] TBA
6 Brazil Felipe Massa[23]
Germany Mercedes AMG Petronas F1 Team[24] Mercedes F1 W03[25] Mercedes P 7 Germany Michael Schumacher[26] TBA
8 Germany Nico Rosberg[27]
United Kingdom Lotus F1 Team[12] Lotus TBA Renault P 9 Finland Kimi Räikkönen[28] TBA
10 France Romain Grosjean[29]
India Sahara Force India F1 Team[30] Force India VJM05[31] Mercedes P 11 United Kingdom Paul di Resta[32] TBA
12 Germany Nico Hülkenberg[32]
Switzerland Sauber F1 Team Sauber C31[33] Ferrari P 14 Japan Kamui Kobayashi[34] Mexico Esteban Gutiérrez[34]
15 Mexico Sergio Pérez[34]
Italy Scuderia Toro Rosso Toro Rosso STR7[35] Ferrari P 16 Australia Daniel Ricciardo[36] Switzerland Sébastien Buemi[15]
17 France Jean-Éric Vergne[36]
United Kingdom Williams F1[37][38] Williams FW34[39] Renault[40] P 18 Venezuela Pastor Maldonado[41] Finland Valtteri Bottas[41]
19 Brazil Bruno Senna[42]
Malaysia Caterham F1 Team[43][44] Caterham CT-01[45] Renault P 20 Finland Heikki Kovalainen[46] TBA
21 Italy Jarno Trulli[47]
Spain HRT F1 Team HRT F112[48] Cosworth[49] P 22 Spain Pedro de la Rosa[50] TBA
23 TBA
Russia Marussia F1 Team[12][51] Marussia MR01[52] Cosworth P 24 Germany Timo Glock[53] TBA
25 France Charles Pic[54]

Team changes

  • In June 2011, Williams announced that they would be using Renault engines for the 2012 and 2013 seasons, with an option to use Renault engines again in 2014 under the next generation of engine regulations.[40] Renault had previously supplied engines to Williams from 1989 to 1997, when the team won four World Drivers' Championships and five World Constructors' Championships.
  • In July 2011, Virgin Racing split with Wirth Research mid-season after a technical review by former Renault F1 Team engineering director Pat Symonds found that Virgin's CFD-only approach had failed.[55] The team also announced a technical partnership with McLaren that granted them access to McLaren's testing facilities as well as the purchase of Wirth Research facilities.[56]
  • In the week before the 2011 Indian Grand Prix, Force India announced that the Sahara Group had purchsed a 42.5% stake in the team, valued at US$100 million.[30] The investment gives the Sahara Group and team principal Vijay Mallya an equal stake in the team, with team director Michiel Mol controlling the remaining 15% of the team. Under the terms of the sale, the Sahara Group will become Force India's naming-rights sponsor.
  • At the November 2011 meeting of the Formula One Commission in Geneva, several teams were given permission to change their names, pending final approval from the World Motorsports Council in December of that year:[57][58]
As a result of the name changes, Team Lotus and Lotus Renault GP declared that their ongoing dispute over the use of the Lotus name was over after they had reached an "amicable conclusion".[59] Although the exact terms of the settlement were kept confidential, the joint statement detailed the transfer of the rights to the Lotus and Team Lotus names to Group Lotus' ownership.[60]
  • In December 2011, Mercedes GP announced that they will change their official team name to Mercedes AMG.[24] The new name originates from AMG, Mercedes-Benz's performance and luxury road car brand.
  • On 15 December 2011, HRT team principal Colin Kolles formally left his position, with the team citing the relocation of their headquarters to Spain as the reason for the separation.[61] Former Minardi driver Luis Pérez-Sala took Kolles' place as team principal.[62] In January 2012, the team relocated to a new facility in Valencia.[63]

Driver changes

Kimi Räikkönen — seen here at the 2010 Rallye Deutschland — will be one of six current and former World Drivers' Champions racing in 2012. Räikkönen will race for Lotus F1.

2012 calendar

Bernie Ecclestone has expressed a desire to see the calendar expand to a record twenty rounds, the maximum he feels is viable. However, a provisional calendar was announced in June 2011, with a record twenty-one races.[77] FIA President Jean Todt later clarified this position, stating that the 2012 calendar would have no more than twenty races,[78] but gave no indication as to which race would be removed from the calendar. On 29 July 2011, a second provisional calendar was released, confirming that the Turkish Grand Prix would be discontinued.[79] The final calendar was released on 7 December 2011.[2]

Round Race Title Grand Prix Circuit Date
1 Australian Grand Prix Australian GP[80] Australia Albert Park, Melbourne 18 March
2 Petronas Malaysia Grand Prix Malaysian GP[81] Malaysia Sepang International Circuit, Kuala Lumpur 25 March
3 UBS Chinese Grand Prix Chinese GP[82] China Shanghai International Circuit, Shanghai 15 April
4 Gulf Air Bahrain Grand Prix Bahrain GP[83] Bahrain Bahrain International Circuit, Sakhir 22 April
5 Gran Premio de España Santander Spanish GP[84] Spain Circuit de Catalunya, Barcelona 13 May
6 Grand Prix de Monaco Monaco GP[85] Monaco Circuit de Monaco, Monte Carlo 27 May
7 Grand Prix du Canada Canadian GP Canada Circuit Gilles Villeneuve, Montreal 10 June
8 Grand Prix of Europe European GP[86] Spain Valencia Street Circuit, Valencia 24 June
9 Santander British Grand Prix British GP[87] United Kingdom Silverstone Circuit, Silverstone 8 July
10 Großer Preis Santander von Deutschland German GP[88] Germany Hockenheimring, Hockenheim 22 July
11 Eni Magyar Nagydíj Hungarian GP[89] Hungary Hungaroring, Budapest 29 July
12 Shell Belgian Grand Prix Belgian GP[90] Belgium Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps, Spa 2 September
13 Gran Premio Santander d'Italia Italian GP[91] Italy Autodromo Nazionale Monza, Monza 9 September
14 SingTel Singapore Grand Prix Singapore GP[92] Singapore Marina Bay Street Circuit, Marina Bay 23 September
15 Japanese Grand Prix Japanese GP[93] Japan Suzuka Circuit, Suzuka 7 October
16 Korean Grand Prix Korean GP[94] South Korea Korean International Circuit, Yeongam 14 October
17 Airtel Indian Grand Prix Indian GP[95] India Buddh International Circuit, Greater Noida 28 October
18 Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi Grand Prix Abu Dhabi GP United Arab Emirates Yas Marina Circuit, Abu Dhabi 4 November
19 United States Grand Prix United States GP United States Circuit of the Americas, Austin[1] 18 November
20 Grande Prêmio do Brasil Brazilian GP Brazil Autódromo José Carlos Pace, São Paulo 25 November

Calendar changes

The 2012 season will see the reintroduction of the United States Grand Prix after a five-year absence, with the race to be held at the Circuit of the Americas near Austin, Texas. The circuit design was inspired by the Silverstone, Hockenheim and Istanbul Park circuits.[96]
  • In May 2010, it was announced that Austin, Texas would host the return of the United States Grand Prix, the first since Indianapolis in 2007. Known as the Circuit of the Americas, the venue will be a brand-new and purpose-built permanent circuit designed by Hermann Tilke.[97] In November 2011, Bernie Ecclestone expressed "minor" doubt over the race going ahead after what he described as "disagreements inside the [management] company"[98] and gave the circuit owners and race organisers a deadline of 7 December[99] — coinciding with the meeting of the FIA World Motorsports Council and the release of the final 2012 calendar — to sort out their differences or else risk losing the event entirely.[100] The final calendar included the race,[2] with Ecclestone confirming that a new arrangement had been made, and that the event organisers had paid their circuit sanctioning fees for 2012.[101]
  • The calendar released in July 2011 showed several events being moved around the calendar:
  • The Bahrain Grand Prix was moved to the end of the season after the 2011 race was postponed, and later cancelled.[102] The race was scheduled for a November date to give the government more time to ensure civil order was restored, but was later brought forward to April. At the 2011 Japanese Grand Prix, several teams expressed concern over the state of the race in the face of renewed violence in the country.[103] These concerns were taken to the November meeting of the Formula One Commission.[98] In January 2012, human rights groups in the country urged teams to boycott the 2012 race amid renewed political disturbances in the country.[104]
  • The German Grand Prix will return to Hockenheim after the 2011 German Grand Prix was held at the Nürburgring, in line with the event's policy of alternating between venues.
  • The Korean Grand Prix was to be brought forward from October to April, similar to the move that the Chinese Grand Prix made in 2009. However, the July calendar brought the Indian Grand Prix forward to April, leaving the Korean event in its October date. The Indian race was later moved back to 28 October, with the Korean race remaining in its 14 October date.
  • The Turkish Grand Prix was removed from the calendar after Formula One Management and the event organisers could not agree on a renewed contract. In August 2011, organisers of the race revealed that they were negotiating with Bernie Ecclestone to resume their place on the calendar.[105] However, the race was removed from the calendar later that month.
  • The United States Grand Prix was originally scheduled to be held in June, but was moved back to become the penultimate event of the season in response to concerns over the heat of the Texas summer and its effects on teams, drivers and spectators.[106]
  • Organisers of the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix had originally planned to reconfigure the Yas Marina Circuit for the 2011 race following heavy criticism over a lack of overtaking in 2010.[107] However, they later elected to postpone the circuit modifications until 2012 in the face of rule changes for the 2011 season that they felt directly addressed the criticisms levelled at the circuit,[108] promising the speedy introduction of changes if the 2011 race proved disappointing.
  • Organisers of the Korean Grand Prix have expressed dissatisfaction over the terms of their contract with Bernie Ecclestone and Formula One Management, particularly with regards to the cost of race-sanctioning fees, and have sought to renegotiate the contract, seeking more-favourable terms.[109][110] However, Ecclestone ruled out renegotiations, stating that the initial negotiation process had been difficult enough, and that the organisers were aware of the terms of the contract when they first signed it. Ecclestone has stated that in the event that race organisers can not pay sanctioning fees, the Korean Grand Prix will be removed from the calendar.[111] The final calendar released in December kept the Korean Grand Prix intact.[2]
  • In January 2012, organisers of the European Grand Prix wrote to Bernie Ecclestone regarding the future in the race in Valencia, which they felt was not financially viable and so sought to renegotiate the terms of their contract with Formula One Management.[112] Organisers of the Spanish Grand Prix in Barcelona expressed similar misgivings over the state of their race.[113]

Changes

Rule changes

  • The 2011 season saw teams running "off-throttle blown diffusers", which created downforce by forcing fuel through the engine to produce exhaust gasses and directing it over the diffuser when the driver was not applying the throttle. This concept was originally banned in incremental phases, with increasingly restrictive rules on what teams could and could not do, with a full ban to be applied from the 2011 British Grand Prix onwards. However, the incremental ban was controversial, with several teams applying for and receiving permission to circumvent the total ban. After discussion between the FIA and engine manufacturers, the original regulations were restored, with the full ban delayed until 2012. The regulations in 2012 will govern the design of the exhaust with the teams agreeing to strict constraints on the position of the exhaust tailpipe. This will result in the exhaust exiting the bodywork much higher up than in 2011, and no longer in the vicinity of the diffuser.[114] In October 2011, a clarification to the amended rules was issued, effectively banning "exotic" engine maps;[115] in November, further amendments were introduced, completely banning the practice of blowing exhaust gasses over parts of the car to improve downforce, following a bid by several teams to allow it under certain conditions.[116]
  • After being banned in 2009, in-season testing will return in 2012, with plans for a test to be held at Mugello on 1 May ahead of the European leg of the 2012 championship.[117] As teams will only be permitted to do fifteen days of testing over the course of the season, the pre-season winter testing schedule has been cut back to accommodate the Mugello test.[118]
  • At the September 2011 meeting of the FIA World Motor Sport Council, representatives of the member organisations voted to amend the rules for double-waved yellow flags in all FIA-sanctioned championships. The amendment means that double-waved flags will be shown when a track marshall is working on or beside the circuit.[119]
  • Technical regulations for 2012 include the reprofiling of the car's nose. The pre-2012 regulations allow the nose to be as high as 62.5 centimetres (24.6 in) above ground, but the revisions to the sporting code lower the maximum allowable height to 55 centimetres (22 in).[120]
  • Faced with several constructors applying for name changes,[121][122] teams have requested a clearer definition of what constitutes a "constructor".[123] Under the rules set out in the Sixth Concorde Agreement, several teams have been forced to compete under names that do not necessarily reflect their ownership – such as Sauber competing as "BMW Sauber" in 2010, despite BMW withdrawing from the sport at the end of the 2009 season – in order to preserve their status as a current constructor and their claim to a share of the television rights paid to teams that placed in the top ten in the final World Constructors' Championship standings.
  • At the meeting for the Formula One Commission in Geneva in November 2011, the use of helium in air guns used to change tyres during pit stops was banned.[124] Despite increasing the rotation speed of the air guns by up to 30%, the use of helium was deemed to be too expensive with little competitive gain.
  • At the final meeting of the World Motorsports Commission in December 2011, a series of amendments to the sporting regulations were published. Chief among these is the re-introduction of a rule that will allow all lapped traffic under the safety car to be released from the queue before the car returns to pit lane, allowing the drivers to unlap themselves and to ensure a clean re-start.[125]
  • Drivers will not be permitted to leave the confines of the circuit without a justifiable reason, following a spate of incidents in 2011 when drivers were sighted using access roads around the circuit to shorten their reconnassiance and in-laps in order to preserve their fuel and tyres.[126] Similarly, drivers will not be allowed to return to the normal racing line should they choose a defensive line going into a corner.[127]
  • Races will have a maximum four-hour time limit to prevent the indefinite suspension of a race. This will stop the theoretical possibility of a race lasting more than eight hours. This rule was introduced in response to the rain-interrupted 2011 Canadian Grand Prix, which set a record for the longest race in Formula One history, at four hours, four minutes and thirty-nine seconds.[127]
  • Any driver in the pit lane when a race is suspended will be permitted to return to the circuit and take up the position on the grid that they were running in at the time of the suspension.[126]
  • All cars must now pass their mandatory FIA crash tests before being allowed to take part in pre-season testing.[126] Previously, passing the crash tests was only a requirement prior to the first race of the season. Crash tests for the 2012 season will also be more rigorous than in previous years.[128]

Other changes

  • In July 2011, a joint broadcasting deal for Formula One in the United Kingdom was announced between Sky Sports and the BBC. The new arrangement runs from 2012 until 2018 and will see all practice, qualifying sessions and races being broadcast by Sky, with the BBC televising qualifying and the race live from ten selected venues and extended highlights of the remaining ten on a delayed broadcast.[129][130] The announcement was controversial, with early promises that the races would not be interrupted by commercials[131] doing little to quell the highly negative reactions from fans and observers.[132][133] It had previously been believed that the terms of the Concorde Agreement prevented Formula One from being broadcast exclusively on pay-per-view, but the Agreement did not prevent a shared broadcast such as the proposal made by Sky Sports and the BBC.[134] The controversial nature of the broadcast deal led to the House of Commons' Culture, Media and Sport Committee calling Bernie Ecclestone and "senior BBC figures" including director-general Mark Thompson to answer questions over the details of the broadcasting arrangement.[135] In November 2011, Sky announced plans to launch an additional channel, Sky Sports F1, specifically for Formula One coverage.[136]
  • In December 2011, Red Bull Racing and Scuderia Ferrari exited FOTA, the Formula One Teams Association, following prolonged debate over the implementation of the controversial Resource Restriction Agreement,[137][138] though Red Bull team principal Christian Horner reaffirmed his team's commitment to cost-cutting measures and highlighting the team's concerns over certain loopholes in the Resource Restriction Agreement that they felt teams and manufacturers would willingly exploit.[139] One week later, Sauber also left the organisation, though the Swiss team did not publicly give a reason for ending their membership.[140]

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