Jap
Jap is an English abbreviation of the word "Japanese." Today it is generally regarded as an ethnic slur, although English-speaking countries differ in the degree to which they consider the term offensive. In the United States, Japanese Americans have come to find the term controversial or offensive, even when used as an abbreviation.[1] In the past, Jap was not considered primarily offensive; however, during and after the events of World War II, the term became derogatory.[2]
History and etymology
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, "Jap" as an abbreviation for "Japanese" was in colloquial use in London around 1880.[3] An example of benign usage was the previous naming of Boondocks Road in Jefferson County, Texas, originally named "Jap Road" when it was built in 1905 to honor a popular local rice farmer from Japan.[4]
Later popularized during World War II to describe those of Japanese descent, "Jap" was then commonly used in newspaper headlines to refer to the Japanese and Imperial Japan. "Jap" became a derogatory term during the war, more so than "Nip."[2] Veteran and author Paul Fussell explains the usefulness of the word during the war for creating effective propaganda by saying that "Japs" "was a brisk monosyllable handy for slogans like 'Rap the Jap' or 'Let's Blast the Jap Clean Off the Map.'"[2] Some in the United States Marine Corps tried to combine the word "Japs" with "apes" to create a new description, "Japes", for the Japanese; this neologism never became popular.[2]
In the United States the term is now considered derogatory; the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary notes it is "usually disparaging".[5][6] A snack food company in Chicago named Japps Foods (for the company founder) changed their name and eponymous potato chip brand to Jays Foods shortly after Pearl Harbor to avoid any negative associations with the name.[7]
In Texas, under pressure from civil rights groups, Jefferson County commissioners in 2004 decided to drop the name "Jap Road" from a 4.3-mile road near the city of Beaumont. Also in adjacent Orange County, "Jap Lane" has also been targeted by civil rights groups.[8] The road was originally named for the contributions of Kichimatsu Kishi and the farming colony he founded. And in Arizona, the state department of transportation renamed "Jap Road" near Topock, Arizona to "Bonzai Slough Road" to note the presence of Japanese agricultural workers and family-owned farms along the Colorado River there in the early 20th century. [citation needed]
Reaction in Japan
In 2003, the Japanese deputy ambassador to the United Nations, Yoshiyuki Motomura, protested the North Korean ambassador's use of the term in retaliation for a Japanese diplomat's use of the term "North Korea" instead of the official name, "Democratic People's Republic of Korea".[9]
In 2011, the Minister of the Japanese Embassy in London protested its use in a Spectator article.[10]
Across the world
In Singapore[11] and Hong Kong,[12] the term is used freely as a contraction of the adjective "Japanese" rather than as a derogatory term. The Brazilian equivalent japa is also non-derogatory (although widely considered a slang term) and sometimes used in mass media and by Japanese Brazilian population itself. The Australian news service Asia Pulse also uses the term.[13] In 1970, the Japanese fashion designer Kenzo Takada opened the "Jungle Jap" boutique in Paris.[14]
References
- ^ Gil Asakawa, Nikkeiview: JapJapJapJapJapJapJap, July 18, 2004.
- ^ a b c d Paul Fussell, Wartime: Understanding and Behavior in the Second World War, Oxford University Press, 1989, p. 117.
- ^ "Jap". From the Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved November 30, 2008.
- ^ Tolerance.org: Texas County Bans 'Jap Road'
- ^ "Jap", Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
- ^ AskOxford: Jap
- ^ http://www.cookcfb.org/History%20of%20Potato%20Chip.html
- ^ Texas Community in Grip of a Kind of Road Rage
- ^ Shane Green, Treaty plan could end Korean War, The Age, November 6, 2003
- ^ Ken Okaniwa, Not acceptable, The Spectator, April 9, 2011
- ^ Power up with Jap lunch, The New Paper, 18 May 2006
- ^ http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/jas/deptinfo/deptinfo.htm
- ^ "Chinese Capital Inflow to Leave Taiwan Vulnerable: Jap Newspaper". Asia Pulse. March 26, 2008.
- ^ William Wetherall, "Jap, Jappu, and Zyappu, The emotional tapestries of pride and prejudice", July 12, 2006.
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