William D. Boyce
William D. Boyce (1858–1929) was an American
newspaper man, entrepreneur, magazine publisher, and explorer. He was the founder of the
Boy Scouts of America and the short-lived
Lone Scouts of America. Born in
Plum Township, Pennsylvania and an astute businessman, Boyce successfully established several newspapers. He moved to Chicago to pursue his
entrepreneurial ambitions. There he established the Mutual Newspaper Publishing Company and the weekly
Saturday Blade. With his novel employment of newsboys to boost newspaper sales, Boyce's namesake publishing company maintained a circulation of 500,000 copies per week by 1894. By the early years of the 20th century, Boyce had become a multi-millionaire and had taken a step back from his businesses to pursue his interests in civic affairs, devoting more time to traveling and participating in expeditions. In 1909, he embarked on a two-month trip to Europe and a large photographic expedition to Africa with photographer
George R. Lawrence and
cartoonist John T. McCutcheon. Boyce learned about
Scouting while passing through London, England during his first expedition to Africa in 1909. From its start, Boyce focused the Scouting program on teaching self-reliance, citizenship, resourcefulness, patriotism, obedience, cheerfulness, courage, and courtesy in order "to make men". (
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