Islam in the United Kingdom
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Islam has been present in the United Kingdom since its formation in 1707,[1] though it was not legally recognised until the Trinitarian Act in 1812. Today it is the second largest religion in the country with results from the 2011 Census suggesting that by 2011 the total Muslim population had reached 2.7 million, 4.8% of the total population.[2]
The vast majority of Muslims in the United Kingdom live in England and Wales: of 1,591,000 Muslims recorded at the 2001 Census,[3] 1,536,015 were living in England and Wales,[4] where they formed 3% of the population in 2001; 42,557 were living in Scotland, forming 0.84% of the population;[5] and 1,943 were living in Northern Ireland.[6]
In 2011, it was reported that United Kingdom has around 60,000 converts to Islam with 66% of them being women. [7]
Growth of Islam in the UK
Between 2001 and 2009, Islam was the second fastest growing religion in the United Kingdom. [8]
| Census Year | Number of Muslims '000 | Population of England and Wales '000 | Muslim (% of Total population) | Registered Mosques | Muslims per mosque |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1961 | 50 | 46196 | 0.11[9] | 7 | 7143 |
| 1971 | 226 | 49152 | 0.46[9] | 30 | 7533 |
| 1981 | 553 | 49634 | 1.11[9] | 149 | 3711 |
| 1991 | 950 | 51099 | 1.86[9] | 443 | 2144 |
| 2001 | 1600 | 52042 | 3.07[9] | 614 | 2606 |
| 2010 | 2869 | 62369 | 4.60[10] | 1500 | 1912 |
Mosques
2 Glynrhondda Street in Cathays, Cardiff, used first by Yemeni sailors, was registered as a mosque in 1860, and is still used as a mosque today. The Shah Jahan Mosque in Woking was the first purpose built mosque, built in 1889. In the same year Abdullah Quilliam installed a mosque in a terrace in Liverpool.[11]
The growing number of Muslims has resulted in the establishment of more than 1,500 mosques as of 2007[update].[12] The majority of mosques are Sunni; in 2010, the affiliation of the mosques was, 44.6% Deobandi, 28.2% Barelvi and other Sufi, 5.8% Salafi, 2.8% Maudoodi-inspired; of the remainder many were part of other Sunni traditions or unaffiliated, while 4.2% were Shi'a (4%). The majority of mosque managers are of Pakistani and Bangladeshi origin, with many Gujarati, and fewer Arab, Turkish and Somali managed entities.[13]
Associations
The Association of British Muslims claims to be the oldest organisation of British Muslims, created in 1889 as the English Islamic Association by Abdullah Quillam.[14] United Kingdom-wide Islamic organisations include the British Muslim Forum, the Muslim Association of Britain. the Ahmadiyya Muslim Association UK, the Islamic Society of Britain, the Muslim Council of Britain, the United Kingdom Islamic Mission (UKIM), the Sunni Dawat-e-Islami, the World Islamic Mission, the Sufi Muslim Council, the Mosques & Imams National Advisory Board, Minhaj-ul-Quran UK, the Muslim Public Affairs Committee UK, the Muslim Parliament of Great Britain and the Muslim Educational Trust.[15]
Identity and preferences
- 7% of Muslims in Britain think of themselves as British first, with 81% thinking of themselves as Muslim first. Muslims living in Muslim-majority countries also tend to think of themselves as Muslim first rather than identifying with nationalism (for example 87% of Pakistanis identify themselves as Muslim first rather than Pakistani).[16]
- 36% of 16-24 year olds believe if a Muslim converts to another religion they should be punished by death, compared to 19% of 55+ year old Muslims. 59% of Muslims would prefer to live under British law, compared to 28% who would prefer to live under sharia law.[17][18][19][20]
- A greater proportion of Muslims (47%) than other religions said they are proud of Britain's stance on gay rights, with less than 11% disagreeing.[21]
- 83% of Muslims are proud to be a British citizen, compared to 79% of the general public, 77% of Muslims strongly identify with Britain while only 50% of the wider population do, 86.4% of Muslims feel they belong in Britain, slightly more than the 85.9% of Christians, 82% of Muslims want to live in diverse and mixed neighbourhoods compared to 63% of non-Muslim Britons.[22]
English Defence League
The emergence of the British nationalist English Defence League has resulted in demonstrations in British cities with large Muslim populations.[23][24][25][26][27]
See also
{{{inline}}}
- List of British Muslims
- Islam in England
- Islam in Northern Ireland
- Islam in Scotland
- Islam in Wales
- Religion in the United Kingdom
References
 | Constructs such as ibid., loc. cit. and idem are discouraged by Wikipedia's style guide for footnotes, as they are easily broken. Please improve this article by replacing them with named references (quick guide), or an abbreviated title. (March 2011) |
- ^ Acts of Union 1707 www.parliament.uk, accessed 10 February 2011
- ^ http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rpt-religion.html
- ^ Muslims in Europe: Country guide bbc.co.uk, accessed 16 January 2009
- ^ KS07 Religion: Key Statistics for urban areas, results by population size of urban area
- ^ ANALYSIS OF RELIGION IN THE 2001 CENSUS: Summary Report, Scottish Executive
- ^ Northern Ireland Census 2001 Key Statistics
- ^ BBC muslim conver report
- ^ Muslim population 'rising 10 times faster than rest of society' January 30, 2009, Richard Kerbaj, The Sunday Times
- ^ a b c d e "Hindu, Muslim and Sikh populations". http://www.brin.ac.uk/figures.
{{cite web}}: External link in|work= - ^ "How Many Muslims? British Religion in Numbers". Brin.ac.uk. 2010-09-21. Retrieved 2012-11-16.
- ^ Sardais, Louise (2003-08). "The 'little mosque'". BBC. Archived from the original on 2012-02-17. Retrieved 2012-02-17.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Dominic Casciani (29 November 2007) The battle over mosque reform BBC News (BBC). Retrieved on 2009-05-03.
- ^ UK Masjid Statistics Muslims In Britain (2010-08-18). Mehmood Naqshbandi. Retrieved on 2010-09-12.
- ^ Rosser-Owen, David (2010-04-30). "History". Association of British Muslims. Archived from the original on 2012-02-17. Retrieved 2012-02-17.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ ibid.
- ^ "Muslims in Europe: Economic Worries Top Concerns About Religious and Cultural Identity" (PDF). http://pewglobal.org.
{{cite web}}: External link in|work= - ^ "radical islam" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-11-16.
- ^ Wilson, Graeme (2007-01-29). "Young, British Muslims 'getting more radical'". Telegraph. Retrieved 2012-11-16.
- ^ Stephen Bates and agencies (2007-01-29). "More young Muslims back sharia, says poll; UK news". The Guardian. Retrieved 2012-11-16.
- ^ [1] 2011 Reviews on Homosexuality
- ^ "Poll says Muslims are 'proud' of Britain's gay rights". http://www.pinknews.co.uk.
{{cite web}}: External link in|work= - ^ "Muslims are well-integrated in Britain – but no one seems to believe it; Leon Moosavi | Comment is free | guardian.co.uk". Guardian. 2012-07-03. Retrieved 2012-11-16.
- ^ Committee, Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Communities and Local Government; (Na), Not Available (2010-03-30). Preventing violent extremism: sixth report of session 2009-10. ISBN 9780215545466. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
- ^ Allen, Chris (2010). "Fear and Loathing: the Political Discourse in Relation to Muslims and Islam in the British Contemporary Setting" (PDF). Politics and Religion. 4: 221–236. Retrieved 8 June 2011.
- ^ Garland, Jon (2010). "'No Surrender to the Taliban': Football Hooliganism,Islamophobia and the Rise of the English Defence League" (PDF). Papers from the British Criminology Conference. 10: 19–35. Retrieved 8 June 2011.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ 7:41AM GMT 14 Dec 2010 (14 December 2010). "Telegraph.co.uk". London: Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Helen Carter (21 October 2010). "Guardian.co.uk". London: Guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 17 September 2011.