Demographics of Cambodia

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Buddhist nun at Angkor Wat, Siem Reap, Cambodia.

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Cambodia, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Population

Historical populations
YearPop.±%
1876 890,000—    
1901 1,103,000+23.9%
1911 1,487,900+34.9%
1921 2,402,600+61.5%
1931 2,806,000+16.8%
1947 3,296,000+17.5%
1951 4,261,000+29.3%
1961 5,510,000+29.3%
1971 7,270,000+31.9%
1981 6,682,000−8.1%
1991 8,810,000+31.8%
2001 12,353,000+40.2%
2011 14,701,717+19.0%
Source:https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cb.html

Between 1874 and 1921, the total population of Cambodia increased from about 946,000 to 2.4 million. By 1950, it had increased to between 3,710,107 and 4,073,967, and in 1962 it had reached 5.7 million. From the 1960s until 1975, the population of Cambodia increased by about 2.2% yearly, the lowest increase in Southeast Asia. By 1975 when the Khmer Rouge took power, it was estimated at 7.3 million. Of this total an estimated one to two million reportedly died between 1975 and 1978. In 1981, the PRK gave the official population figure as nearly 6.7 million, although approximately 6.3 million to 6.4 million is probably more accurate. The average annual rate of population growth from 1978 to 1985 was 2.3% (see table 2, Appendix A).

In 1959, about 45% of the population was under 15 years of age. By 1962, this had increased slightly to 46%. In 1962, an estimated 52% of the population was between 15 and 64 years of age, while 2% were older than 65. The percentage of males and females in the three groups was almost the same.

Population and age distribution [1]

Cambodian Population Pyramid-2005
Total population (thousands) Population aged 0–14 (%) Population aged 15–64 (%) Population aged 65+ (%)
1950 4 346 42.2 55.1 2.7
1955 4 840 42.3 55.0 2.7
1960 5 433 42.5 54.8 2.7
1965 6 141 42.8 54.4 2.7
1970 6 938 43.2 54.0 2.8
1975 7 098 42.3 54.9 2.8
1980 6 506 39.0 58.1 2.9
1985 7 920 42.1 55.0 2.9
1990 9 532 43.8 53.4 2.8
1995 11 169 47.5 49.7 2.8
2000 12 447 41.6 55.4 3.0
2005 13 358 36.4 60.3 3.3
2010 14 138 31.9 64.3 3.8

Vital statistics

UN estimates [1]

Period Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR1 CDR1 NC1 TFR1 IMR1
1950-1955 208 000 109 000 99 000 45.4 23.8 21.6 6.29 165.1
1955-1960 232 000 113 000 119 000 45.2 22.1 23.1 6.29 152.0
1960-1965 260 000 118 000 142 000 44.9 20.4 24.5 6.29 139.5
1965-1970 287 000 127 000 160 000 43.9 19.4 24.5 6.22 130.0
1970-1975 280 000 158 000 122 000 39.9 22.5 17.4 5.54 180.9
1975-1980 227 000 272 000 - 45 000 33.4 40.0 -6.6 4.70 263.2
1980-1985 410 000 127 000 283 000 56.9 17.7 39.2 7.00 134.0
1985-1990 407 000 115 000 292 000 46.7 13.2 33.5 6.00 97.9
1990-1995 417 000 121 000 296 000 40.3 11.3 29.0 5.44 90.0
1995-2000 358 000 121 000 237 000 30.3 10.2 20.1 4.32 83.3
2000-2005 323 000 117 000 206 000 25.1 9.1 16.0 3.41 72.9
2005-2010 321 000 113 000 207 000 23.3 8.3 15.0 2.80 62.4
1 CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births

Fertility

According to 2010 Demographic and Health Survey,[2] the total fertility rate in Cambodia was 3.0 children per woman in 2010. In 2000, this was 4.0 children and in 2005 3.4. Women in urban areas have 2.2 children on average, compared with 3.3 children per woman in rural areas. Fertility is highest in Mondol Kiri/Rattanak Kiri Province, where women have an average of 4.5 children, and lowest in Phnom Penh where women have an average of 2.0 children. According to the survey, Cambodian women want about three children, on average. Ideal family size is slightly higher among women in rural areas than urban areas (3.2 versus 2.9). Women with secondary and higher education desire fewer children than women with no schooling (2.8 versus 3.5).

Infant and childhood mortality

Childhood mortality rates are decreasing in Cambodia.[2] Currently, the infant mortality rate is 45 deaths per 1,000 live births for the five-year period before the survey compared with 66 deaths reported in the 2005 CDHS and 95 in the 2000 CDHS. Under-five mortality rates have also decreased from 124 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2000, 83 deaths in 2005 to 54 deaths per 1,000 in 2010.

Childhood mortality decreases markedly with mother’s education and wealth. Infant mortality, for example, is twice as high among children whose mothers have no schooling compared to those with secondary or higher education (72 versus 31). The association with wealth is even stronger. There are 77 deaths per 1,000 live births among infants from the poorest households compared to only 23 deaths per 1,000 live births among infants from the richest households.

Mortality rates are much higher in rural than urban areas. Infant mortality, for example, is 64 deaths per 1,000 live births in rural areas compared to only 22 in urban areas. Mortality also differs by province. Infant mortality ranges from only 13 deaths per 1,000 live births in Phnom Penh to 78 deaths per 1,000 live births in Kampong Chhnang and Svay Rieng.

Life expectancy

In 1959, life expectancy at birth was 44.2 years for males and 43.3 years for females. By 1970, life expectancy had increased by about 2.5 years since 1945. The greater longevity for females apparently reflected improved health practices during maternity and childbirth.

Ethnic groups

Ethnic map of Cambodia
Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%.[3]

Languages

Khmer (official) 95%, French, English[4]

Other languages:

Vietnamese, Chinese, Cambodian Sign Language, German, Thai, Russian, Japanese, Korean.[5]

Note: In recent decades Chinese has become the most attracting foreign language in Cambodia with over 70 Chinese schools and 30,000 students and 1,000 teachers.[6] Other languages spoken in Cambodia are minority languages.

Population of Cambodia according to mother tongue in 1998 and 2008[7]

Mother
tongue 		Language
family 		census 1998 census 2008
Number % Number %
Khmer Mon-Khmer 10,942,066 95.7 12,901,447 96.3
Chaam Austronesian 204,080 1.52
Vietnamese Vietic 140,328 1.23 72,775 0.54
Phnong Mon-Khmer 37,507 0.28
Tumpoon Mon-Khmer 31,013 0.23
Kuoy Mon-Khmer 28,612 0.21
Chaaraay Austronesian 26,335 0.20
Krueng Mon-Khmer 19,988 0.15
Lao Tai-Kadai 24,854 0.22 18,515 0.14
Proav[clarification needed] 9,025 0.07
Stieng Mon-Khmer 6,541 0.05
Chinese Sino-Tibetan 26,721 0.23 6,530 0.05
Kaaveat Mon-Khmer 6,218 0.05
Kraol Mon-Khmer 4,202 0.03
Thai Tai-Kadai 2,482 0.02 2,458 0.02
Ro ong[clarification needed] 1,831 0.01
Por (Pear) Mon-Khmer 1,827 0.01
Mel[clarification needed] Mon-Khmer 1,697 0.01
Thmoon (T' Moan)[clarification needed] Mon-Khmer 865 0.01
Suoy Mon-Khmer 857 0.01
Khogn Mon-Khmer 743 0.01
Klueng[clarification needed] 702 0.01
S'ouch Mon-Khmer 445 0.00
Kchruk[clarification needed] 408 0.00
Lon[clarification needed] 327 0.00
Raadear Austronesian 21 0.00
Mon Mon-Khmer 19 0.00
Kchak[clarification needed] 10 0.00
Others & not stated 301,205 2.63 10684 0.08
Total 11,437,656 13,395,682

Religions

See also: Buddhism in Cambodia
Religion in Cambodia
Religion percent
Theravada Buddhism
 
 92%
Mahayana Buddhism
 
 3%
Islam
 
 1.6%
Christianity
 
 0.2%
Others
 
 3.2%
Buddhism: 95%, Islam: 1.6%, Christianity: 0.2%, Others: 3.2%

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Population

14,701,717
Note: estimates for this country take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (2011 est.)

Population growth rate

  • 1.698% (2011 est.)
  • 1.71% (2010 est.)
  • 1.77% (2009 est.)
  • 1.75% (2008 est)

Sex ratio

At birth: 1.045 male(s)/female
Under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.6 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

Total population: 62.67 years
Male: 43 years
Female: 40 years (2011 est.)

HIV/AIDS

adult prevalence rate

0.5% (2011 est.)

people living with HIV/AIDS

63,000 (2009 est.)
75,000 (2007 est.)

deaths

1,000 (2011 est.)
3,100 (2009 est.)
6,900 (2007 est.)

Nationality

Noun: Cambodian(s) or Khmer(s)
Adjective: Cambodian or Khmer

Urbanization

Urban population: 24-29% of total population (2010 est.)
Rate of urbanization: 4.6% rate of annual change (2005-10 est.)

Literacy

Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 73.6%
Male: 84.7%
Female: 64.1% (2004 est.)

Educatate expendiure

1.7% of GDP (2004)

Overseas Population

Countries with notable populations of overseas Cambodians are:

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to People of Cambodia.
  1. ^ a b Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision
  2. ^ a b National Institute of Statistics CAMBODIA DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEY 2010
  3. ^ CIA factbook
  4. ^ https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cb.html
  5. ^ http://www.cambodia-travel.com/information/language.htm
  6. ^ http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-08/10/content_9128986.htm
  7. ^ National Institute of Statistics

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA. (Archived 2008 edition.)

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