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May 18

Must - a running (free) animal - run, either: after - or - off / away ?

Btw, a (free) human being can run for many other purposes, e.g. for sports etc. (Additionally, by "animal" I exclude ants). HOTmag (talk) 08:16, 18 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Are you asking whether animals ever run other than in fleeing or pursuing? Well, my cats sometimes gallop for no obvious reason. —Tamfang (talk) 08:26, 18 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Oh really? So I wonder how about free horses (i.e. not harnessed)... HOTmag (talk) 08:36, 18 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

I'm not really sure I understand what it is you're asking. Would you consider a horse that is kept in a fenced pasture as "free" since it is not in a harness at that time? If so, yes, they run and play like many other animals. I would therefore assume that free horses, such as Mustangs in the American West, would also run as part of play. Additionally, dogs in dog parks also run during their play time but again, I don't know if your definition of "free" would apply. Dismas|^(talk) 12:47, 18 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

How about: deer and tigers, in the savanna? HOTmag (talk) 13:06, 18 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Springbok characteristically run and jump around when a predator is in view, not in order to run away, but (supposedly) to demonstrate that they are so fit it's not worth chasing them. It seems likely to me that some species might include running demonstrations in their courtship display, but I can't bring any to mind at the moment. {The poster formerly known as 87.81.230.195} 185.74.232.130 (talk) 13:37, 18 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

See cursorial --Jayron 32 14:01, 18 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

So you are asking about why and when critters run? See also animal play. On second thought, maybe not- that article is unfortunately almost solely about humans. Here are some nice books to skim on animal play [1] [2]. Many predators and prey will practice fight-or-flight type actions without any external danger or prey stimulus present. It's sort of like shadow boxing. This tends to be more common in immature animals, and far more common among mammals than other groups. It can make news headlines when a well-supported report of play is published for an unprecedented group, like this case [3] for some fish. SemanticMantis (talk) 15:34, 19 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Cars Clubs like trippel A or ADAC.

I have seen in australia there are 3 different Clubs - western australia, Tasmania and Southern Australia. Why so many difference and can in australia anybody join one of this 3 clubs and have benefits? --Ip80.123 (talk) 08:46, 18 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

I'm not familiar with either the AAA or ADAC, but I assume they are motorists' associations similar to the AA and provide services such as road side assistance. If so, the corresponding motorists' associations in Australia are state-based, the two largest being the NRMA in NSW and the ACT, and the RACV in Victoria. Category:Automobile associations in Australia lists the others. The Australian Automobile Association co-ordinates between the state-based bodies. There's also the separate Royal Automobile Club of Australia, which used to be a motorists' association but is now quite a different sort of club. --PalaceGuard008 (Talk) 09:24, 18 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

The capital cities are geographically remote and the clubs arose independently. Anyone who is a financial member can gain the benefits.
Sleigh (talk) 11:35, 18 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

And just to add - if you pay for a membership level that gets you road side assistance with one association, you get reciprocal benefits from the other clubs if you happen to be driving in another city: see e.g. http://www.racv.com.au/wps/wcm/connect/racv/Internet/primary/membership/membership+reciprocity . --PalaceGuard008 (Talk) 15:42, 18 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Typical human anatomy

Is it typical that a person can bend their wrist forward so far my thumb can make contact with my wrist (with a bit of encouragement from my other hand) like I can. If not, is there any details on the implications of this and or how common this 'talent' is. Also, my thumb can be bent backwards at a right angle which I understand is uncommon. I'm not sure if both abilities go hand in hand (quite literally)

Physically, I have no other interesting skills. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.35.190.215 (talk) 21:46, 18 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Could be to do with the elasticity of your tendons. However, if you hear a snapping sound, then you have gone too far.--178.106.99.31 (talk) 22:04, 18 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Hypermobility (joints) is our relevant article (with an impressive thumb-flexibility photo). Tevildo (talk) 00:30, 19 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Also see Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. --TammyMoet (talk) 12:22, 19 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

My thumb can have a right angle, with both my index finger and my wrist, simultaneously. When I was a child, a friend of mine had the first talent you've indicated, and I believe whoever has it has also the second one, but not (necessarily) vice versa. HOTmag (talk) 12:46, 19 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

May 19

Hawaiian language

if the Hawaiian language are speaking only 24.000 people, why does the police departmens in hawaii have to have all police brands, the paperwork the signs inside a building, and the inscriptions on buildings be in both languages? Why does the Serial "hawaii five o" has to make every titel in the original language, if this language is spoken by 24.000 and of this 24.000 people maybe only 300 do have internet or the possibility to view the movie? There are made very very big steps for nothing, while other, "more necessary and more important" languages are dying. --Ip80.123 (talk) 03:59, 19 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Where did you get that 24000 number from ? That might be just people who speak it as their main language, with many more speaking it along with English. So, providing both languages allows them to communicate in whichever they prefer. Also note that the language is a big tourism attraction, so they want to keep it going for that reason, too. Hawaii is expensive and distant compared with other tropical tourism destinations (like the Caribbean), so without it's "unique flavor", visitors would go elsewhere. StuRat (talk) 04:40, 19 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

The Wikipedia article, which has references for the number, at Hawaiian language states that number. Languages_of_the_United_States#Hawaiian has an (unreferenced) statement that says it may be as high as 27000. --Jayron 32 12:09, 19 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Ip80.123, if the relevant authorities in Hawaii stopped making these "very very big steps", to what other "more necessary and more important" languages" do you think their efforts should and could be redirected? {The poster formerly known as 87.81.230.195} 185.74.232.130 (talk) 13:55, 19 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Wikipedia has an article titled Language preservation which may help in the OPs research as well. --Jayron 32 14:20, 19 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Yes, also Endangered_language. Suffice it to say, not everyone thinks that the value of a language is determined by its number of speakers. SemanticMantis (talk) 15:36, 19 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Here is an additional resource that might help explain why the governmental agencies in question want to conserve the language, and what legal arguments have been used to justify these actions. [4] SemanticMantis (talk) 22:35, 19 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

If the Hawaiian language died out, there would be nore more Wiki wikis.--178.106.99.31 (talk) 23:17, 19 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

As for Hawaii Five-0, the episode titles are in Hawaiian just because it makes the show feel exotic. It's not a serious attempt to preserve the language, any more than Rome putting many of its episode titles in Latin was. Smurrayinchester 08:13, 20 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

More to the point either it's poor English or the OP is seriously confused. Even if Hawaii Five-0 did have some noble aims which as you said, they surely don't, there's no "required" involved. Whatever the reasoning it's surely a voluntary choice by the producers, not something forced on them by the government or anything like that. Nil Einne (talk) 20:51, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

May 20

Insect control

alle the time insects inside the putting hole where my golf ball fall inside. What can I do? --185.51.85.16 (talk) 12:42, 20 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

You could trying bringing a can of Raid with you in your golf bag, and spray the cup before you finish putting. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 12:51, 20 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

That would expose them to all those toxic chemicals. StuRat (talk) 18:05, 21 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

That is precisely the idea. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 00:02, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

"them" = "golf players". StuRat (talk) 02:53, 22 May 2016 (UTC) [reply]

They can wear a mask. (Though the ants might do likewise.) ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 03:43, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

I don't really want to kill them. As I figured out, the cup I bought is way higher than the others sold on Amazon.. this might be the reason, but it is still annoying (I know, its a first world problem)--185.51.85.16 (talk) 12:55, 20 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

If you don't want to kill them, maybe you could carry one of those "Gopher" things, kind of a giant pair of tweezers,[5] so you could retrieve the ball and shake the critters off before you put the ball back in your hand. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 12:58, 20 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

You have the right idea, but the general purpose grabber you listed doesn't seem like it could open up inside the hole. Here's one specifically for golf balls: [6]. They might also want to disinfect the ball that just had bugs on it, so maybe they could carry 2 balls, one in play and the other in a little sealed cup with alcohol in it. (This isn't necessary from a health POV, though.) StuRat (talk) 18:00, 21 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

How about putting a crushed mothball down there? The odor should repel insects for a long time. Markbassett (talk) 16:10, 20 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

My God, sometimes life can be so difficult. Richard Avery (talk) 06:49, 21 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Just think about the poor insects, trying to make a home for themselves and this massive ball keeps popping in through the front door. KägeTorä - (^影_虎) (もしもし！) 11:32, 21 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

It would be like Indiana Jones having to relive the first scene in Raiders of the Lost Ark over and over again. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 14:14, 21 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Why not just cover or block the hole when not in use?--Shantavira|^{feed me} 07:55, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Then he wouldn't be able to get a hole in one. KägeTorä - (^影_虎) (もしもし！) 09:55, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

May 21

Besides water

Besides water, what other liquids could fish live in? Milk? Coffee? Paint? Others? KägeTorä - (^影_虎) (もしもし！) 11:25, 21 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Before trying that, consider this: How long might freshwater fish live in salt water, and vice versa? ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 12:13, 21 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Some fish species can live in both freshwater and saltwater. These species are called Euryhaline fish. However, most fish species can only survive in one or the other based on their salinity tolerance, or how much salt their bodies can handle. KägeTorä - (^影_虎) (もしもし！) 12:16, 21 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Fish cannot live in any liquid except water. Some species can cope with a certain level of pollution - so might manage dilute milk or coffee. It would depend on the species, the exact contaminant, and the concentrations. 86.141.19.154 (talk) 17:38, 21 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Well, all the proposed liquids are water solutions. So is any water that isn't distilled or otherwise purified by humans. The issue is, as you noted, the contaminants. For coffee, the caffeine would likely kill the fish. Caffeine is quite toxic to many animals (the whole reason why plants make it is as an insecticide). And I assume fish can't live in liquids that aren't water solutions, e.g. oil, except maybe liquid breathing solutions as mentioned below. --71.110.8.102 (talk) 23:15, 21 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Extremely diluted coffee or any other liquid - as long as the dilution is done with water - is indistinguishable from water with minute amounts of extraneous matter, which in turn is indistinguishable from naturally occurring drinkable fresh water. So the question is, as you continue to dilute it, when does coffee cease being extremely weak coffee and become extremely slightly adulterated water? I have certainly been served the latter, masquerading as "coffee". -- Jack of Oz ^{[pleasantries]} 00:38, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

An extreme oldie... Waitress in lonely café, gazing out window: "It looks like rain." Male customer, the only other one in the cafe: "Yes, but it smells like coffee." ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 03:42, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Perhaps a combination of perfluorocarbons, used in liquid breathing, would work for fish, too ? StuRat (talk) 17:50, 21 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

The description of this technology only relates to filling mammalian lungs with the fluids. While it is possible that gills might also be able to absorb oxygen from the same liquids, the fact that they are much denser and more viscous than water would probably make it very difficult for the fish to actually swim. 86.131.28.46 (talk) 14:08, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Youtuber Tobis_tricks

there is a youtuber, he has not even 3000 subscribers and he also has only max. 5.000 views per video but he asked for support, he made a video to demonstrate how to be able to view a website when adblock is enabled. The owner of the website are now in court to institute legal claims. If he lost his "battle" he will be forced to pay a fine over 8.000 Euros for 1. "showing how to circumvent copy protection" 2. copyright claims. What I don't understand is how he could get so much support if he is so small on youtube. He got from different people 8.000 Euros to his bank account to pay the best layer which is available to win this battle. This sound like something impossible. Because someone who has only 5.000 views is like "nobody" in youtube...--Ip80.123 (talk) 18:22, 21 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Sometimes if you cry hard enough, people will help you. Seriously, though, are you sure he is not lying? Either about the court case or the fact he got so much help? Can you verify this? KägeTorä - (^影_虎) (もしもし！) 18:59, 21 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

I can only vertify that he didn't had 8000 euro and that his fundraising project endet because he had got enough money on this one plattform where he asked for moeny. It was something like Fidor Bank. @[[KägeTorä And the comments under his videos are like "there is no copyright claim I give you money" or verbale attacks against Axel springer or kai dietmay (which is the person who wants to ban him out of youtube and which want to force him to pay 8.000 euro) --Ip80.123 (talk) 22:05, 21 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

5,000 views per video is quite a different thing from 5,000 views in total. Although we can presume some of those views are from the same people watching each video, it's unlikely all are. And in any case, multiplication gets you to big numbers pretty quickly. If only 1,000 people give you 10 Euros each—not a very large amount for most people in developed countries—you now have 10,000 Euros. If people donate more, obviously, it takes even fewer donations. This is kind of a general human problem: our brains just aren't good at easily visualizing large quantities (see Dunbar's number). Sure, 5,000 views isn't that large compared to the highest view counts, but the highest view counts are outliers. 5,000 people is too large to fit in many venues. And to reiterate, if you average 5,000 views per video the total number of people who have watched at least one of your videos is higher than that. --71.110.8.102 (talk) 23:40, 21 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

I'm tempted to delete this for BLP reasons but will leave it for now. However I won't complain if someone else deletes it including all replies. Anyway I think the most Youtube creators with only 5000 views per video are going to seriously struggle to get €7000 solely from their viewers for most things. Sure it's more likely than a creator with only 1 view (where it's still technically possible) however you still need a reasonable percentage of your viewers to donate. But there's no reason to assume it's only viewers and this also isn't most things. Whatever people here may personally feel about it, ultimately legal threats especially ones where people fundamentally disagree with the claimed law the sort of thing which often get attention and get people who feel particularly strongly (meaning both that they are willing and they are willing to donate a fair amount). [7] [8] [9] are some examples apparently discussing the case and I think at least one was before the crowd funding finished. These also all the social media etc. This doesn't seem to have gone especially viral but it was likely known to significantly more than just viewers. BTW if I understand [10] correctly there were 458 donator so between €13-14 average which isn't especially high but does suggest there was more interest than simply giving money to a random person. Nil Einne (talk) 20:42, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Mamiya RB67

This is an important type of film camera. There used to be a Wikipedia entry for this camera. It has disappeared. What happened to it? How can it be re-instated?

Ted Rook

NY USA

67.210.40.116 (talk) 19:17, 21 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

I can't see any evidence that Wikipedia has ever had an article called Mamiya RB67, although it may have existed with some other name that I can't find. We do have an article about the RB67's cousin the Mamiya RZ67, and CameraWiki (which isn't affiliated with us) has an article about the RB67 (which may be what you remember). -- Finlay McWalter··–·Talk 19:31, 21 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

There's a draft stub article at User:Rgoffin/Mamiya RB67, last updated in 2011, incidentally. Until recently, such articles would have shown up on Google and similar search engines. Tevildo (talk)

Thank you. I believe you are mistaken. Please check the entry for Mamiya RZ67, within that article you will find references to the Mamiya RB67, which are now dead links, they used to exist but do not any longer. How can the original entry be resurrected? Ted Rook — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.210.40.116 (talk) 18:14, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

The links were added in 2013 (see this diff), but we've never had a mainspace article on the RB67. The titles of deleted articles can be found at Special:Log/delete, but "Mamiya RB67" doesn't appear on the list. Tevildo (talk) 19:34, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

67.210.40.116, the links are not dead links, they are red links. That could mean they were previously live and their destination has been deleted, but equally (and in fact more likely per the findings above) they could have been created as red links because an editor thought there ought to be such an article, as an encouragement for someone to write it. This is a common procedure on Wikipedia. {The poster formerly known as 87.81.230.195} 185.74.232.130 (talk) 13:46, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

some script program for mac?

Hey, 10 years ago, when I was using windows there was a game, as I remember which has count how much times i press my mouse button per second a full minute long. Than the game has ended And one of my friend had for Windows a script program which has emulated that someone is clicking the mouse button very very much times. We called this "cheating" because of course no one could beat the highscore of the bot program. Is there something like this for mac, where I can programe a bot to click the mouse button a few times per hour itself? Or that the bot will press a key on the keyboard? I found again a game like this on mac and I would like to cheat. --Ip80.123 (talk) 22:38, 21 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Note that such a program is risky to use, as you may end up clicking all sorts of things you didn't want to click. StuRat (talk) 02:52, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

May 22

Strange Notation on Pint Glass

I have a pint glass here with the Carling logo on the 'front', and on the 'back' is a picture of the crown, with '2043' underneath it. What does this mean? KägeTorä - (^影_虎) (もしもし！) 11:09, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Found the answer: Glasses must be approved with crown stamp as correct size. Number represents manufacturer, 2043 is Cristallerie D'Arques nr. Calais, France. KägeTorä - (^影_虎) (もしもし！) 11:16, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Resolved

Really the number is the certifying authority, which used to be mostly the weights-and-measures departments of local authorities. Now they let manufacturers effectively self-certify, so it's become de facto a manufacturer code - a list is here, with companies starting at 2043. -- Finlay McWalter··–·Talk 11:26, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Sadly, there's now a CE mark instead of a crown on pint and half-pint glasses. "EU stealing the crown of the great British pint" ranted the Daily Mail in 2007. It's almost enough to make you vote for a Brexit. We once persuaded a German visitor that the Queen had personally checked every pint glass (or at least he was polite enough to go along with the joke). Alansplodge (talk) 11:42, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

The government's 2015 advice about interpreting the 2006 EU regulation (here) says a crown may still be used as a decoration in post-2006 glasses: "The Directive does permit other markings provided the visibility and legibility of the CE mark is not reduced. Stylised crown markings on beer glasses etc are permitted on a voluntary basis as a decoration provided that they are marked in such a way that they could not be confused with the CE marking" (p28). So post-2006 the CE is normative and the crown merely decorative. A typical pint glass manufacturer's indications as to what they print is here. It might we worth noting that this is only for classes "in trade" - for pubs; glasses you might buy in the supermarket for use at home may well not be marked at all. -- Finlay McWalter··–·Talk 11:57, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Section 22 of that same note also says that glasses in use before 30 October 2006, which don't bear the CE mark, can still be used. I imagine the robustness of the chunky dimpled pint glass, even in trade, might allow some of those at least still to be in service. -- Finlay McWalter··–·Talk 12:03, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Gosh, I haven't seen a dimple pint glass in a pub for decades, perhaps they're still popular "oop North"? Alansplodge (talk) 17:01, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Pretty common in real ale pubs in both Norfolk and South Wales, as I can report from extensive on site research. Fgf10 (talk) 19:50, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

I'm going t'pub tonight - I shall report back. -- Finlay McWalter··–·Talk 17:12, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

I recall back in the 1970s, that "real men" held their pints by gripping the main part of the glass with fingers through the handle; those who held the glass by actually using the handle were suspected of being either foreign, an upper-class twit or some sort of sexual deviant. O tempora o mores!.

I'm told "no", not because of CE marks and the depredations of wicked eurocrats, but because they can't make thick dimpled glasses out of a glass that shatters safely (into lots of tiny, unweaponisable bits). The publican tells me that these days, if you hear of someone being "glassed" in a pub, it was with a bottle, and not a glass. Perhaps I drink in rougher places than Fgf10 and Alansplodge. -- Finlay McWalter··–·Talk 21:27, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Dimple glasses

Exactly why have dimple glasses in pubs disappeared?--178.106.99.31 (talk) 17:47, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

The BBC explains and Beer glassware#Pint glass covers this too. --Tagishsimon (talk) 17:53, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Your premise is incorrect, as the BBC source above states as well. They may not be as common as they one were, but they're certainly still around, particularly in real ale pubs. Fgf10 (talk) 19:49, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Speaking from extensive bar-staffing (and pub-going) experience: non-handled gasses are more efficient for the pub because they are easier to stack, wash and shelve, but most pubs keep a smaller stock of handled glasses/tankards under the counter for those who prefer them; the latter know to ask specifically for one ("... in a handle") when they order, unless they're regulars whose preference the bar staff will remember. In some pubs (typically village pubs) some regulars may have their own personal handled glasses (or pewter tankards) hanging on a rack somewhere above the bar. {The poster formerly known as 87.81.230.195} 185.74.232.130 (talk) 14:00, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Boredom

Do some people get bored more easily than others?--178.106.99.31 (talk) 17:50, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Absolutely. Have you ever seen an extrovert aide start work with a senile man? She turns on a soap opera so fast after entering the room it's like a crack addict entering her crack room. Sagittarian Milky Way (talk) 18:17, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Perhaps the "aide" is just trying to connect with the senile person, and draw them out of themselves. Bus stop (talk) 18:37, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

What do you mean? Sagittarian Milky Way (talk) 18:42, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Who is bored, in your example? I am assuming it is the extroverted aide, who resorts to expressing herself as if she's in a soap opera, presumably to escape her boredom. Bus stop (talk) 18:47, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

The home health aide turns on the TV and watches soaps and talk shows all day and her commute is likely not long and boring either. Sagittarian Milky Way (talk) 19:01, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Oh, she literally turns on a soap opera. I misunderstood. I thought she figuratively turned on a soap opera. Bus stop (talk) 19:17, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

OK so what is the best way to relieve boredom if you have no friends?--178.106.99.31 (talk) 15:32, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

The opposite of torture

Torture is a well known thing, but is the opposite of torture (using pleasure instead of pain) also a thing? For example, injecting a spy with heroin and promising more in exchange for secrets? I suppose this could turn into torture by making him experience withdrawal symptoms until he gives up his secrets. In the longer term, getting someone hooked on a drug to the point that their mind breaks and they'll willingly give up anything for another hit?

Has it even been done? What is the success rate compared to traditional pain torture? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.104.38.238 (talk) 18:04, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

I think a person's psychological disposition would play a role. If they were opposed to the so-called "pleasure" induced by the drug, I think the rate of addiction in such people would be lower than might be expected. Bus stop (talk) 18:13, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Hanns Scharff practised what we might call "kindness", or at least "chumminess", trying (per that article) things like "tea with German fighter aces, swimming pool excursions, and luncheons". The problem with torture, if you're actually trying to get useful information (and not just forcing confessions), is that people will tell you anything they think will make the torture stop, true or not. -- Finlay McWalter··–·Talk 18:22, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Bribery and truth drug might be useful articles. Tevildo (talk) 19:37, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

There was a film called Barbarella that illustraATED the idea of excessive pleasure turning to unbearable agony. The instrument of pleasure/torture was the orgasmatron. Must go and switch mine on now.--178.106.99.31 (talk) 22:19, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

While I am Fonda that movie, you'll need a Woody to enter the orgasmatron, since it's not in the same movie. StuRat (talk) 01:30, 23 May 2016 (UTC) [reply]

Yes you are correct.The orgasmatron was in 'Sleeper'. How the memory plays tricks. --178.106.99.31 (talk) 14:19, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

One method sometimes used with small children to get them to behave is the threat of the tickle torture. It has an advantage that they laugh instead of crying, so it's much less annoying. StuRat (talk) 01:33, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Is it legal to tickle children? I mean its similar to torture.--178.106.99.31 (talk) 14:20, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Reid technique may be germane here. As with torture, however, it also tends to produce false confessions. Matt Deres (talk) 12:17, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Is Australia really "so far away"?

For many years I've been reading about musicians and other entertainers who've never visited Australia, but would dearly love to, but can't fit it into their schedule because "it's so far away". Can anyone explain to me why this is a problem in 2016?

Distance (= time) would have been a real disincentive back in the days when the only practical method of travel was ship, but those days are long, long gone. Maybe they were told by their parents or grandparents when they were little kids that Australia is "very far away, too far to get to", and that message got stuck in there. These days, all you do is hop on a plane. The plane does the actual work, while the passenger sits on their backside for a few hours, catches up with their emails, reading, whatever. With jet lag and all, they'd lose at worst a day out of their lives, a minor inconvenience - a minuscule one given the glories and wonders awaiting them on arrival.

Is their time really that precious? -- Jack of Oz ^{[pleasantries]} 21:44, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

I would greatly dispute that you'd get over the jetlag in 'at most a day'. Also, 'a few hours'? It still takes the best part of 24h from Europe. Granted, possibly a bit less with a private plane, but still. 86.28.195.109 (talk) 21:49, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Australia's problem isn't its remoteness alone - it's its relatively low population when combined with the remoteness - and their distribution. Given a logistical base in say Prague, within a 2 hour flight time (1000 miles or so) I can serve pretty much the entirety of Europe, bar the western extent of Iberia - something like 300 million people. Do a similar calculation with the east coast of the US, and its west, and you get maybe 80 million people each. Similarly for Japan, and much more (albeit with less disposable income) for China. But take that 1000 mile distance from say Brisbane, and I get maybe 20 million (probably fewer) Australians. Given an act of modest appeal, a trip to Australia might only fill one or two venues, and then there's an intercontinental hike. But a trip to California and the US West might garner multiple shows in each of Las Vegas, San Diego, LA, and San Francisco, each with a same-or-next day trip. Major acts, who move a hundred or two people between venues, and tons of equipment, employ people dedicated to this kind of logistical analysis. If they're decided that it's not worth the schlep down to Sydney, it's because they don't think they'd make money (compared with the gigs they'd get in denser places instead). If Australia's population was clustered in the north (say Darwin) it might help a bit, but the relative poverty of Australia's northern neighbours (and their limited interest in Western musical acts) would still make a tour of Indonesia, Malaysia, and the southern Philippines an uneconomic affair. -- Finlay McWalter··–·Talk 22:29, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

But they never give any of those reasons. The only thing they ever mention is the distance from wherever they are to Australia. -- Jack of Oz ^{[pleasantries]} 04:48, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

A factor for me would be the extreme discomfort of airplanes. The inability to change my position in the cramped little seat leads me to get leg cramps within minutes, and I'd probably have a DVT/blood clot by the time I got to Aussie. When I try to get up to walk around, as the doctors suggest, the stewardesses start asking me to go back to my seat. The there's the temperature. I need it cool or I sweat profusely. I have very little control over my temperature on a plane, so I would be soaked in sweat in an hour. And, here in the US, the TSA is absurdly inept, failing to catch bombs 97% of the time yet still managing to delay everyone by 3 hours. Also, the thought of spending hours that close to a stranger is off-putting. If they had individual "cabins", where I could control the temperature and stretch out, I might consider it, but then it would probably cost $10k. So, the risk versus reward isn't even close to being worth it. And, to be honest, I live a half hour drive from Canada, and I don't even bother going there anymore, since they started requiring a passport. StuRat (talk) 23:59, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

That's just an excuse they give. The real reason is the drop bears. --71.110.8.102 (talk) 04:08, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Think of it this way, JackofOz: The globe has three two-country clusters of predominantly English speaking people. The United States and Canada have about 350 million people, the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland have about 70 million people, and Australia and New Zealand have about 30 million people. California alone has nearly 40 million people. It is a much shorter flight from New York to London than it is from Los Angeles to Sydney. Of course, it is much easier and vastly faster to travel from anywhere on Earth to Sydney in 2016 than it was to travel from Philadelphia to Boston in 1775. But this is 2016 and modern entertainers of moderate worldwide success have to evaluate the logistics of travel and potential crowd size when planning their tours. Touring is grueling, expensive and challenging, and crossing borders is a non-trivial issue if anyone in the party has "black marks" on their record. It is a combination of audience population and distance. The biggest and most successful acts will travel down under from time to time. But it is understandable that the prospect is daunting for many mid-level acts. Cullen³²⁸ Let's discuss it 06:02, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

So, again I ask, why do they never mention any of those factors? They only ever say "it's so far away". -- Jack of Oz ^{[pleasantries]} 08:16, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Perhaps because it's a better sound bite than "it's not profitable for us". Ghmyrtle (talk) 08:19, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

As you can see by the map in Antipodes, Australia is pretty close to being on the opposite side of the globe from the US and Canada. Billy Crystal was on Jimmy Fallon's program last week, and talked about an upcoming tour to Australia. He talked about how long a trip it was the previous time he went, suggesting it felt like 3 days to get there. (Sorry, can't find a clip.) ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 08:33, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

I don't think they do say "it's so far away". You'd need to provide examples to support your claim. The main reason why musicians from the west don't visit Australia is that no-one is willing to put up the money for them to do so. I can't speak for the world of classical music, but in the world of rock, musicians are always looking for opportunities to play live anywhere in the world, including Australia. The problem is that they can only go there if a promoter in Australia invites them. The promoter has to pay all the expenses associated with the trip upfront, including performance fees, air fares and accommodation. They then hope to recoup that outlay in ticket receipts. This is a big financial risk for the promoter, and it's obvious given the cost of air fares that the promoter has virtually no chance of breaking even. Hence the reason why so few western bands visit Australia. --Viennese Waltz 08:48, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Is it financially easier for a standalone performer such as Billy Crystal to tour Australia? Rather less overhead, I would think. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 08:59, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Viennese Waltz, if you don't think they say this, then it's time for you to think again. Following is a very small sample of sites attesting that "it's too far" is a very commonly adduced reason for not coming down here: [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20] -- Jack of Oz ^{[pleasantries]} 09:43, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Thanks Jack. I don't have time to compose a proper reply right now, but not one of those sites backs up your claim. In the first one, Williams is talking about living in Australia, not playing concerts there. --Viennese Waltz 09:59, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Soccer, when players complain to the umpire

When a soccer team gets a yellow or red card, or when it's punished with a penalty, players tend to circle the umpire and start to complaint. Does this ever work? Does any umpire reverse ever his decisions? --Llaanngg (talk) 22:10, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

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Its the referee, not umpire.--178.106.99.31 (talk) 22:31, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

"It's not spaghetti, it's linguini." So what is the answer? Is it a waste of players' time, or is an official sometimes persuaded to change a decision? ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 22:41, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Spaghetti and linguini are different kinds of pasta. Your metaphor fails. Fgf10 (talk) 06:52, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

You must never have seen the movie The Odd Couple, and hence you don't understand the reference. As you and your buddy say, stick to things you know about. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 08:04, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Decision reversal is, I think, very rare, but I can remember (though not cite) decisions which have been reversed after protests from players - though I don't by this mean to suggest causation. Meanwhile I'm sure that part of it is a power game between the teams and the referee; the more the ref can be intimidated, the more reluctant he or she may be to make judgements which provoke that intimidation, etc. --Tagishsimon (talk) 22:51, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

I gather from Instant replay that soccer officials do not use any kind of technological assistance? ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 23:26, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

They have stopwatches and very expensive boots. Does that count? I vaguely remember that FIFA dabbles from time to time in such things as goal-line technology, and have the very vaguest recollection of some sort of trials of an off-pitch referee able to provide advice. Mainly, the spirit of the game appears to be, train the referee as well as you can, but accept that she or he is human and prone to error; and unlike USian games, keep the play going; don't stop just because someone's dropped a handkerchief. --Tagishsimon (talk) 23:36, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

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Cute. I should have been more specific. :) One thing about hockey, for example, is that the puck is pretty small, and sometimes replay is needed to determine if a goal was scored or not. A soccer ball is rather larger and brighter than a hockey puck, although the article indicates they get it wrong sometimes. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 23:42, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Refs have been known to change their initial decision after consulting an assistant referee or fourth official. For example, a free kick may have been awarded but after consultation with a colleague, the decision changed to a penalty; or vice versa. A few examples [21][22][23] Hack (talk) 06:09, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

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Why are Americans, who can be expected to know nothing about the subject, dominating the answers, and in one case, arguing the point about whether 'umpire' or 'referee' are interchangeable (they're NOT; the correct term is referee). Is it because of the time zone and all the UK/EU editors are asleep? We've been down this route before with a cricket question, and the lack of familiarity with that topic by Americans was astounding. Americans, just keep out of a topic you know nothing about. The non-Americans among us wouldn't dream of lecturing OP's about the finer points of baseball or gridiron. Akld guy (talk) 01:59, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

It's not gridiron, it's football. --69.159.60.83 (talk) 07:37, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Welcome to the Refdesk.... Can't agree more with you! Fgf10 (talk) 06:52, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Believe it or not, we have soccer in America. In fact, the American women recently won the World Cup. Pretty good for not knowing anything about soccer. Meanwhile, maybe you can vent your British wrath on whoever redirected umpire to referee? ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 08:04, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

I'm not British. If you'd looked at my page you'd see I'm not. Akld guy (talk) 11:24, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Soytenly. I was talking to Fgf10, an occasional ref desk drive-by who seems to know nothing about America but it doesn't stop him from commenting on it. 0:) ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 11:26, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Nobody said no Americans know anything about football. Just that you and others commenting here don't. Fgf10 (talk) 09:30, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Here we call it soccer. And we know what real football is. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 10:01, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Some people like to act as if they know something about everything whereas the reality is they know little about very little. They make the ref desk a worse place by declaring errors as facts. This is how some regular Ref Desk contributors behave. The Rambling Man (talk) 09:08, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

You're right, as your infrequent appearances at the ref desk certainly make it a worse place. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 10:01, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

I only contribute to things I know about, unlike some who contribute to everything they know nothing about. It can't get worse here with some editors answering incorrectly and without a clue. The Rambling Man (talk) 10:13, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Your stink bombs here are "contributions"??? ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 10:16, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

As I said, I contribute to things I know about, unlike some who seem to think they can add to any thread, even though they often add errors. With your ongoing emotional outbursts everywhere, perhaps you're feeling insecure, but if the cap fits.... The Rambling Man (talk) 10:18, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

I am totally secure. But sometimes I can't help but enjoy watching you pop your British Nanny cork. 0:) ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 11:24, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

I think it's more to try to pressure them to be more lenient in the future. This is often referred to as "working the ref". --71.110.8.102 (talk) 04:10, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

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Mind games with officials can happen in other sports, including baseball, basketball and football (American variety). If a batter complains about a strike call, the ump might adjust a little bit on future calls. If a batter is really good, knows the strike zone and doesn't strike out frequently, he can really use some psych on the ump. When guys like Ted Williams and Stan Musial would hold off swinging at a pitch, the ump might be more likely to call it a ball, than if it were someone hitting below the Uecker Line. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 08:38, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

We don't care about mind games in baseball, basketball, and American football. The question asked about Euro style football, aka soccer. Why do you feel the need to comment off-topic? Akld guy (talk) 11:27, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

The first reply to the OP was of no help at all, but it triggered all this tangential discussion. I see that umpire was redirected to referee in 2007, by an editor who last edited in 2009. Should the redirect be removed, since you all are more concerned about the terms used for officials than about actually answering the OP's question? And by the way, Tagishsimon and then Hack actually tried to answer the OP's question, rather than arguing about terms for officials. The audacity! What could they have been thinking? ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 11:37, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

To get back to the original question, a famous case happened in the 1982 FIFA World Cup game between France and Kuwait. One of France's goals was disallowed after the Kuwaiti players - and famously Prince Fahad, head of the Kuwait Football Federation - crowd the referee and pressure him to change his decision. It made little difference in the end as France won handily, 4-1. The referee was banned from further work at that level, and the prince was fined for coming unto the pitch. [24]. --Xuxl (talk) 09:10, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Goal-line technology may also be of relevance.--Phil Holmes (talk) 09:35, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

And this article is worth reading, to understand some of the pressure Premier League referees are under, especially notable for the discrepancy in wages. And AS Adema 149–0 SO l'Emyrne is an interesting result of upset following certain decision-making... The Rambling Man (talk) 12:29, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

I can't find research about the effect of pressure from players, but there is evidence that pressure from the crowd (home vs away, crowd size) does influence referee decisions. This 2005 paper says referees "favor the home team by lengthening games in which the home team is behind, and by awarding more disputable and incorrect goals or penalties" and this 2013 paper says "referees tended to punish away teams more harshly with more yellow and red cards, and this was especially the case when the home crowd was large". -- Finlay McWalter··–·Talk 14:20, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Surprised Arthur Shawcross was not listed with lust/genital mutilation killers

Just read his bio, he mutilated a number of his victims. Chuck — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.255.123.185 (talk) 23:44, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

It's unclear exactly what you mean, Chuck. Do we have a list of genital mutilation killers? Or a category of that name? If so, its news to me. --Tagishsimon (talk) 23:48, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

In the specific case of Lust murder, it sounds like the case would need more than genital mutilation. I haven't read Arthur Shawcross so I have no idea if he would fit. However if you find a WP:RS say he did carry out lust murders, feel free to add his name and the RS to the list (and the ref to his aticle if needed). Nil Einne (talk) 23:55, 22 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

May 23

e-books for samsung tablets

Is there a website which allows you to download an e-book for your Samsung Tablet and you don't have to pay for it? Donmust90 (talk) 01:48, 23 May 2016 (UTC)Donmust90Donmust90 (talk) 01:48, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Probably not, if you mean entire, legal, current books. But old public domain books might be possible. Or maybe you can get portions of a current book, like a chapter, for free, to whet your interest. StuRat (talk) 02:00, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Some books are under copyright but available under free content licenses. See Category:Copyleft media. Project Gutenberg and the Internet Archive are good places to find both public domain and freely-licensed works. Outside of freely-licensed stuff, many libraries these days are lending e-books. --71.110.8.102 (talk) 03:45, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Also, many public libraries will loan out e-books for a week or two. --Jayron 32 15:10, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]

stupidy since Nokia 3210.

I would like to know, why does a mobile phone, which has for example only 10% power or 5% power uses his last power, to notify every 20 seconds, that the Accu is low. I don't understand the logic behind this. If I am sitting in a bus / train or are out of home I am not able to load it and it would be enough for me, to inform me once about the accu, not every 20 seconds. And the most cellphone have even their own tune for the the accu alarm, so if you make your cellphone quiet - but forget to disabled the accu stand alarm, you will have a nice weak-up sound in the night. --Ip80.123 (talk) 14:44, 23 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]