1906–07 United States Senate elections
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30 of the 90 seats in the United States Senate (as well as special elections) 46 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The United States Senate elections of 1906 and 1907 were elections which had the Republican Party gain three seats in the United States Senate, expanding their majority to more twice that of the opposing Democratic Party.
As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.
Results summary
Senate Party Division, 60th Congress (1907–1909)
- Majority Party: Republican (60)
- Minority Party: Democratic (29)
- Other Parties: (0)
- Total Seats: 90
Change in Senate composition
Before the elections
At the beginning of 1906.
| D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | |||||
| D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 | D10 | D9 | D8 | D7 | D6 |
| D16 | D17 | D18 | D19 Ran |
D20 Ran |
D21 Ran |
D22 Ran |
D23 Ran |
D24 Ran |
D25 Ran |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R56 Retired |
R57 Retired |
D33 Retired |
D32 Retired |
D31 Retired |
D30 Ran |
D29 Ran |
D28 Ran |
D27 Ran |
D26 Ran |
| R55 Retired |
R54 Retired |
R53 Ran |
R52 Ran |
R51 Ran |
R50 Ran |
R49 Ran |
R48 Ran |
R47 Ran |
R46 Ran |
| Majority → | |||||||||
| R36 | R37 | R38 | R39 | R40 | R41 | R42 | R43 Ran |
R44 Ran |
R45 Ran |
| R35 | R34 | R33 | R32 | R31 | R30 | R29 | R28 | R27 | R26 |
| R16 | R17 | R18 | R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 | R25 |
| R15 | R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 | R8 | R7 | R6 |
| R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | |||||
Result of the general elections
| D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | |||||
| D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 | D10 | D9 | D8 | D7 | D6 |
| D16 | D17 | D18 | D19 Re-elected |
D20 Re-elected |
D21 Re-elected |
D22 Re-elected |
D23 Re-elected |
D24 Re-elected |
D25 Re-elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R56 Hold |
R57 Gain |
R58 Gain |
R59 Gain |
R60 Gain |
V1 R Loss |
V2 D Loss |
D28 Hold |
D27 Hold |
D26 Hold |
| R55 Hold |
R54 Hold |
R53 Hold |
R52 Hold |
R51 Re-elected |
R50 Re-elected |
R49 Re-elected |
R48 Re-elected |
R47 Re-elected |
R46 Re-elected |
| Majority due to vacancies→ | R45 Re-elected | ||||||||
| R36 | R37 | R38 | R39 | R40 | R41 | R42 | R43 Re-elected |
R44 Re-elected | |
| R35 | R34 | R33 | R32 | R31 | R30 | R29 | R28 | R27 | R26 |
| R16 | R17 | R18 | R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 | R25 |
| R15 | R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 | R8 | R7 | R6 |
| R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | |||||
Beginning of the next Congress
| D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | |||||
| D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 | D10 | D9 | D8 | D7 | D6 |
| D16 | D17 | D18 | D19 | D20 | D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 | D25 |
| R56 | R57 | R58 | R59 | R60 | V1 | D29 Gain |
D28 | D27 | D26 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R55 | R54 | R53 | R52 | R51 | R50 | R49 | R48 | R47 | R46 |
| Majority due to vacancy→ | R45 | ||||||||
| R36 | R37 | R38 | R39 | R40 | R41 | R42 | R43 | R44 | |
| R35 | R34 | R33 | R32 | R31 | R30 | R29 | R28 | R27 | R26 |
| R16 | R17 | R18 | R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 | R25 |
| R15 | R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 | R8 | R7 | R6 |
| R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | |||||
| Key: |
|
|---|
Race summaries
Elections during the 59th Congress
In these elections, the winners were seated during 1906 or in 1907 before March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Delaware (Class 1) |
Vacant | Legislature had previously failed to elect. New senator elected June 12, 1906.[1] |
√ Henry A. du Pont (Republican) 36 votes J. Edward Addicks (Republican) 2 votes[1] | ||
| Kansas (Class 2) |
Alfred W. Benson | Republican | 1906 (Appointed) | Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected January 22, 1907. Republican hold. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. |
√ Charles Curtis (Republican) 120 votes Alfred W. Benson (Republican) 19 votes W. A. Harris (Democratic) 11 votes W. R. Stubbs (Republican) 1 vote[2] |
| Oregon (Class 2) |
John M. Gearin | Democratic | 1905 (Appointed) | Interim appointee retired January 22, 1907 when successor elected. New senator elected January 22, 1907.[3][4][5] Republican gain. Winner was not elected to the next term, see below. |
√ Frederick W. Mulkey (Republican) Unopposed[5] |
| Michigan (Class 2) |
Russell A. Alger | Republican | 1902 (Appointed) 1903 (Special) |
Incumbent died January 24, 1907. New senator elected February 5, 1907.[5] Republican hold. Winner had already been elected to the next term, see below. |
√ William A. Smith (Republican) [data missing] |
In this election, the winner was seated March 4, 1909 in the 61st Congress.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Alabama (Class 3) |
Edmund Pettus | Democratic | 1903 | Incumbent re-elected early January 22, 1907 for the term beginning March 4, 1909.[2] Winner died July 27, 1907 and new senator elected early August 6, 1907.[2] |
July 27, 1907: √ Edmund Pettus (Democratic) Unopposed[2] August 6, 1907: √ Joseph F. Johnston (Democratic) Unopposed[2] |
Elections leading to the 60th Congress
In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1907; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Alabama | John Morgan | Democratic | 1876 1882 1888 1894 1900 |
Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[3][2] Winner died June 11, 1907 and new senator appointed June 17, 1907 Interim appointee elected July 16, 1907.[2] |
January 22, 1907: √ John Morgan (Democratic) Unopposed[2] July 16, 1907: √ John H. Bankhead (Democratic) Unopposed[2] |
| Arkansas | James Berry | Democratic | 1885 (Special) 1889 1895 1901 |
Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected January 29, 1907.[2] Democratic hold. |
√ Jeff Davis (Democratic) J. L. Worthington (Republican) 5 votes[2] |
| Colorado | Thomas Patterson | Democratic | 1901 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 16, 1907. Republican gain. |
√ Simon Guggenheim (Republican) 68 votes Charles Thomas (Democratic) 27 votes Frank C. Goudy (Republican) 4 votes[2] |
| Delaware | J. Frank Allee | Republican | 1903 (Special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 16, 1907. Republican hold. |
√ Harry Richardson (Republican) 36 votes Willard Saulsbury (Democratic) 15 votes[2] |
| Georgia | Augustus Bacon | Democratic | 1894 1900 |
Incumbent ran, but legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. Incumbent was appointed to start the term and was later elected to finish the term, see below. |
Augustus Bacon (Democratic) [data missing] |
| Idaho | Fred Dubois | Democratic | 1890 1897 (Lost) 1901 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 15, 1907. Republican gain. |
√ William Borah (Republican) 50 votes Fred Dubois (Democratic) 18 votes[4] |
| Illinois | Shelby Cullom | Republican | 1882 1888 1894 1901 |
Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[3] | √ Shelby Cullom (Republican)132 votes C.C. Boggs (Democratic) 68 votes Daniel R. Sheen (Progressive) 3 votes[2] |
| Iowa | Jonathan Dolliver | Republican | 1900 (Appointed) 1901 (Appointed) 1902 (Special) |
Incumbent re-elected January 23, 1907. | √ Jonathan Dolliver (Republican) 110 votes Claude Porter (Democratic) 45 votes[6] |
| Kansas | Alfred Benson | Republican | 1906 (Appointed) | Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected January 22, 1907. Republican hold. Winner was also elected to finish the term, see above. |
√ Charles Curtis (Republican) 122 votes William Harris (Democratic) 32 votes Joseph Bristow (Republican) 1 vote[2][3] |
| Kentucky | Joseph Blackburn | Democratic | 1884 1890 1897 (Lost) 1900 |
Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected January 9, 1906.[1][7] Democratic hold. |
√ Thomas Paynter (Democratic) 101 votes William Cox (Republican) 30 votes C. F. Burnan (Republican) 1 vote[1][7] |
| Louisiana | Murphy Foster | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected early May 18, 1904.[8] | √ Murphy Foster (Democratic) 148 votes Unopposed[8] |
| Maine | William Frye | Republican | 1881 (Special) 1883 1889 1895 1901 |
Incumbent re-elected January 15, 1907.[2] | √ William Frye (Republican) 109 votes William Pennell (Democratic) 66 votes[2] |
| Massachusetts | Winthrop Crane | Republican | 1904 (Appointed) 1905 (Special) |
Incumbent re-elected January 15, 1907. | √ Winthrop Crane (Republican) 207 votes James Carroll (Democratic) 48 votes George Williams (Democratic) 3 votes Joseph H. O'Neill (Democratic) 1 vote John Sullivan (Democratic) 1 vote[9] |
| Michigan | Russell Alger | Republican | 1902 (Appointed) 1903 (Special) |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 15, 1907.[5] Republican hold. Winner was subsequently elected to finish the current term, see above. |
√ William Smith (Republican) 123 votes Charles Townsend (Republican) 2 votes T. E. Barkworth (Democratic) 2 votes[5] |
| Minnesota | Knute Nelson | Republican | 1895 1901 |
Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[3] | √ Knute Nelson (Republican) 143 votes Albert Schaller (Democratic) 27 votes W. J. Dean (Progressive) 3 votes John Johnson (Democratic) 1 vote Frank Day (Democratic) 1 vote[5] |
| Mississippi | Anselm McLaurin | Democratic | 1894 (Special) 1900 |
Incumbent re-elected early January 19, 1904.[10] | √ Anselm McLaurin (Democratic) [data missing] |
| Montana | William Clark | Democratic | 1899 1900 (Resigned) 1901 |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 16, 1907.[5] Republican gain. |
√ Joseph M. Dixon (Republican) 70 votes J. K. Toole (Democratic) 17 votes H. L. Frank (Democratic) 6 votes W. C. Conrad 2 votes Norris (Democratic) 1 vote[5] |
| Nebraska | Joseph Millard | Republican | 1901 (Special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 15, 1907.[5] Republican hold. |
√ Norris Brown (Republican) 95 votes William Thompson (Democratic) 36 votes[5] |
| New Hampshire | Henry E. Burnham | Republican | 1901 | Incumbent re-elected January 15, 1907.[5][11] | √ Henry E. Burnham (Republican) 254 votes Nathan C. Jameson (Democratic) 123 votes George B. Leighton 1 vote[5] |
| New Jersey | John F. Dryden | Republican | 1902 (Special) | Incumbent withdrew from renomination. New senator elected February 5, 1907.[5] Republican hold. |
√ Frank O. Briggs (Republican) 41 votes James E. Martine (Democratic) 35 votes John W. Griggs (Republican) 1 vote Mahlon R. Pitney (Republican) 1 vote[5] |
| North Carolina | Furnifold Simmons | Democratic | 1901 | Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[3][5] | √ Furnifold Simmons (Democratic) 116 votes Spencer B. Adams (Republican) 3 votes J. J. Britt (Republican) 2 votes[5] |
| Oregon | John M. Gearin | Democratic | 1905 (Appointed) | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected January 2, 1907.[3][4][5] Republican gain. |
√ Jonathan Bourne, Jr. (Republican) 80 votes Robert S. Bean (Democratic) 4 votes F. A. Moore (Democratic) 2 votes F. W. Mulkey (Republican) 1 vote[5] |
| Rhode Island | George Wetmore | Republican | 1894 1900 |
Legislature failed to elect.[3][12] Republican loss. |
George Wetmore (Republican) Samuel Colt (Republican) R. Goddard (Democratic & Ind. Republican) |
| South Carolina | Benjamin Tillman | Democratic | 1894 1901 |
Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[3][13] | √ Benjamin Tillman (Democratic) Unopposed |
| South Dakota | Robert J. Gamble | Republican | 1901 | Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[13] | √ Robert J. Gamble (Republican) 100 votes Andrew E. Lee (Democratic) 17 votes Thomas Sterling (Independent) 15 votes[13] |
| Tennessee | Edward Carmack | Democratic | 1901 | Incumbent lost renomination.[13] New senator elected January 15, 1907. Democratic hold. |
√ Robert Taylor (Democratic) 108 votes Nathan W. Hale (Republican) 26 votes Asbury Wright (Republican) 1 vote[13] |
| Texas | Joseph Bailey | Democratic | 1901 | Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[14] | √ Joseph Bailey (Democratic) 108 votes W.L. Cabell (Democratic) 2 votes A.W. Terrell (Democratic) 1 vote Horace Chilton (Democratic) 1 vote T.M. Campbell 3 votes John W. Logan (Democratic) 2 votes J.E. Yantis (Democratic) 2 votes Cecil A. Lyon (Republican) 2 votes Other Democrats 25 votes[13][14] |
| Virginia | Thomas S. Martin | Democratic | 1893 (Early) 1899 (Early) |
Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1906.[15] | √ Thomas S. Martin (Democratic) 116 votes Campbell Slemp (Republican) 17 votes[1][15] |
| West Virginia | Stephen B. Elkins | Republican | 1895 1901 |
Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[3][13] | √ Stephen B. Elkins (Republican) 101 votes John J. Cornwell (Demcoratic) 30 votes[13] |
| Wyoming | Francis E. Warren | Republican | 1890 1893 (Lost) 1895 1901 |
Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[3][13] | √ Francis E. Warren (Republican) 64 votes Colin Hunter (Democratic) 6 votes[13] |
Elections during the 60th Congress
In these elections, the winners were elected in 1907 after March 4; sorted by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Wisconsin (Class 3) |
John C. Spooner | Republican | 1897 1903 |
Incumbent resigned April 30, 1907. New senator elected May 17, 1907. Republican hold. |
√ Isaac Stephenson (Republican) 87 votes G. W. Bird (Democratic) J. P. Rummel (Social Democratic)[13] |
| Georgia (Class 2) |
Augustus Bacon | Democratic | 1894 1900 1907 (Appointee) |
Interim appointee elected July 9, 1907. | √ Augustus Bacon (Democratic) Unopposed[2] |
| Alabama (Class 2) |
John H. Bankhead | Democratic | 1907 (Appointed) | John Tyler Morgan (D), having just been re-elected, see above, died June 11, 1907. Interim appointee elected July 16, 1907. |
√ John H. Bankhead (Democratic) Unopposed[2] |
| Alabama (Class 3) |
Edmund Pettus | Democratic | 1903 1907 |
Incumbent, having just been re-elected, died July 27, 1907. New senator elected August 6, 1907. Democratic hold. |
√ Joseph F. Johnston (Democratic) Unopposed[2] |
| New senator was also elected early August 6, 1907 to the term beginning March 4, 1909.[2] | √ Joseph F. Johnston (Democratic) Unopposed[2] | ||||
| Oklahoma (Class 2) |
Oklahoma became a state on November 16, 1907. | First senator elected December 10, 1907.[5] Democratic gain. |
√ Robert L. Owen (Democratic) 128 votes Clarence B. Douglas (Republican) 22 votes C.B. Jones (Republican) 22 votes[5] | ||
| Oklahoma (Class 3) |
Oklahoma became a state on November 16, 1907. | First senator elected December 10, 1907.[5] Democratic gain. |
√ Thomas Gore (Democratic) 128 votes Clarence B. Douglas (Republican) 22 votes C.B. Jones (Republican) 22 votes[5] | ||
See also
Notes
- ^ a b c d e Tribune Almanac (1907), p. 258.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Tribune Almanac (1908), p. 258.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "NO CHOICE IN RHODE ISLAND". The New York Times. January 23, 1907. p. 1.
- ^ a b c World Almanac (1908), p. 263.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Tribune Almanac (1908), p. 259.
- ^ Clark, p. 248.
- ^ a b Schiller, Wendy J.; Stewart III, Charles (2015). Electing the Senate: Indirect Democracy before the Seventeenth Amendment. Princeton University Press. pp. 35–36.
- ^ a b Official Journal of the Proceedings of House of Representatives of the State of Louisiana at the Regular Session of the General Assembly. 1904. p. 76.
- ^ Tribune Almanac (1908), pp. 258–259.
- ^ "Re-elect Senators McLaurin and Money" (PDF). The New York Times. January 20, 1904. p. 5.
- ^ Journals of the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives of the State of New-Hampshire, January Session, 1907. Rumford Printing Co. 1907. p. 90.
- ^ Tribune Almanac (1908), pp. 259–260.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Tribune Almanac (1908), p. 260.
- ^ a b "BAILEY IS RE-ELECTED, BUT UNDER CHARGES". The New York Times. January 23, 1907. p. 1.
- ^ a b "Senator Martin Re-elected". The New York Times. January 24, 1906. p. 6.
References
- Clark, Dan Elbert (1913). "History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa". Iowa City, Iowa.
- "Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present". via Senate.gov.
- The World Almanac and Encyclopedia 1908. The Press Publishing Co., New York World. 1907. p. 263.
- The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1907. New York: The Tribune Association. 1907. p. 258.
- The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1908. New York: The Tribune Association. 1908. pp. 258–260.