1962 FIFA World Cup

1962 FIFA World Cup
Campeonato Mundial de Fútbol -; Copa Jules Rimet Chile 1962
	1962 FIFA World Cup official logo
Tournament details
Host country	Chile
Dates	May 30 – June 17 (19 days)
Teams	16 (from 3 confederations)
Venue(s)	4 (in 4 host cities)
Final positions
Champions	Brazil (2nd title)
Runners-up	Czechoslovakia
Third place	Chile
Fourth place	Yugoslavia
Tournament statistics
Matches played	32
Goals scored	89 (2.78 per match)
Attendance	893,172 (27,912 per match)
Top scorer(s)	Flórián Albert; Garrincha; Valentin Ivanov; Dražan Jerković; Leonel Sánchez; Vavá; (4 goals each)
Best young player	Flórián Albert
	← 1958 1966 →

The 1962 FIFA World Cup was the 7th FIFA World Cup. It was held from May 30 to June 17, 1962 in Chile. Teams representing 57 national football associations from all six populated continents entered the competition, with its qualification process beginning in August 1960. Fourteen teams qualified from this process, along with host nation Chile and defending champion Brazil, for the finals tournament.

The tournament was won by the defending world champions Brazil, who claimed their second World Cup title in World Cup history by defeating Czechoslovakia 3–1 in the final, becoming the second team, after Italy in 1938, to successfully defend the world title. Host nation Chile defeated Yugoslavia 1–0 in the Third Place match to finish third. The 1962 FIFA World Cup was the first World Cup that used goal average as a means of separating teams with the same amount of points.

This atmosphere culminated in the infamous first-round match between Chile and Italy (2–0), which became known as the Battle of Santiago, plus a number of other violent matches that were played throughout this tournament. The average goals per match dropped below 3 for the first time ever in World Cup history, to just 2.78(the average has never been above 3 since).

Host selection

After Europe hosted two consecutive World Cups, the American federations claimed the 1962 edition must be held in South America or face a complete boycott of the tournament, similar to 1938.^[1] Argentina, after previously failed candidacies, was the favorite. Magallanes' chairman, Ernesto Alvear, attended a FIFA Congress held in Helsinki while the Finnish city was hosting the 1952 Summer Olympics. He considered that Chile was able to organise the World Cup. Several sources also say that FIFA did not want Argentina to run alone, requesting the participation of Chile as almost symbolic. Chile registered its candidacy in 1954 alongside Argentina and West Germany, the latter withdrawing at the request of FIFA.^[1]

Chile's football federation committee, led by Carlos Dittborn and Juan Pinto Durán, toured many countries convincing various football associations about the country's ability to organise the tournament in comparison to Argentina's superior sports infrastructure and prestige. The FIFA Congress met in Lisbon, Portugal on 10 June 1956. That day, Raul Colombo, representing Argentina's candidacy, ended his speech with the phrase "We can start the World Cup tomorrow. We have it all." The next day, Dittborn presented four arguments that supported Chile's candidacy: Chile's continued participations at FIFA-organised conferences and tournaments, sports climate, tolerance of race and creed and political and institutional stability of the country. In addition, Dittborn invoked Article 2 of the FIFA statutes that addressed the tournament's role in promoting the sport in countries deemed "underdeveloped". Chile won 32 votes to Argentina's 11. Thirteen members abstained from voting.^[2]

Qualification

57 teams entered the 1962 World Cup (due to rejected entries and withdrawals, 52 teams eventually participated in the qualifying stages). Chile as host nation and Brazil as reigning World Cup champions were granted automatic qualification, with the remaining 14 finals places divided among the continental confederations.

Eight places were contested by UEFA teams (Europe) and three by CONMEBOL teams (South America). CAF teams (Africa), AFC teams (Asia), NAFC teams (North America), and CCCF teams (Central America and Caribbean) contested three play-offs slots. The three winners would then face a European or South American team for entry into the World Cup. The 1962 tournament was the last one for which only nations from Europe or the Americas qualified.

Two teams qualified for the first time ever: Colombia and Bulgaria. Colombia did not qualify for another World Cup until 1990.

Among the teams who failed to qualify were 1958 finalists Sweden and 1958 semi-finalists France. Austria withdrew during the qualification tournament.

Venues

Originally, eight stadiums were selected to host the World Cup matches in eight different cities: Santiago, Viña del Mar, Rancagua, Arica, Talca, Concepción, Talcahuano and Valdivia.

The Valdivia earthquake, the most powerful earthquake ever recorded, occurred on 22 May 1960. With over 50,000 casualties and more than 2 million people affected, the earthquake forced the organising committee to completely modify the World Cup's calendar. Talca, Concepción, Talcahuano and Valdivia were severely damaged and discarded as venues. Antofagasta and Valparaíso declined to host any matches as their venues were not financially self-sustainable. Viña del Mar and Arica managed to rebuild their stadiums while Braden Copper Company, then an American company that controlled the El Teniente copper mine, allowed the use of its stadium in Rancagua. The most used stadium was the Estadio Nacional in Santiago, with 10 matches; the Estadio Sausalito in Viña del Mar hosted 8 matches, and the stadiums in Rancagua and far-away Arica (the only location that was not close to the other cities) both hosted 7 matches.

Santiago Viña del Mar Rancagua Arica 1962 FIFA World Cup (Chile)	Santiago	Viña del Mar
	Estadio Nacional	Estadio Sausalito
	33°27′52″S 70°36′38″W / 33.46444°S 70.61056°W / -33.46444; -70.61056	33°00′51.83″S 71°32′6.84″W / 33.0143972°S 71.5352333°W / -33.0143972; -71.5352333 (Estadio Sausalito)
	Capacity: 66,660	Capacity: 18,037

	Rancagua	Arica
	Estadio Braden Copper Co.	Estadio Carlos Dittborn
	34°10′39.95″S 70°44′15.79″W / 34.1777639°S 70.7377194°W / -34.1777639; -70.7377194 (Estadio El Teniente)	18°29′15.47″S 70°17′56.96″W / 18.4876306°S 70.2991556°W / -18.4876306; -70.2991556 (Estadio Carlos Dittborn)
	Capacity: 18,000	Capacity: 17,786

Accommodation


Team	Site	City	Team	Site	City
Argentina	Hostería El Sauzal	Rancagua	Italy	Escuela de Aviación Cap. Ávalos	Santiago
Brazil	Villa Retiro	Quilpué	Mexico	Hotel O'Higgins	Viña del Mar
Bulgaria	Parque Municipal	Machalí	Spain	Hotel Miramar Caleta Abarca	Viña del Mar
Chile	Villa del Seleccionado	Santiago	Switzerland	Club Suizo	Santiago
Colombia	Hotel El Morro	Arica	Uruguay	Hotel Azapa	Arica
Czechoslovakia	Posada Quebrada Verde	Valparaíso	Soviet Union	Hostería Arica	Arica
England	Staff House Braden Copper Co.	Coya	West Germany	Escuela Militar Bernardo O'Higgins	Santiago
Hungary	Hotel Turismo	Rengo	Yugoslavia	Hotel El Paso	Arica

Squads

Squads for the 1962 World Cup consisted of 22 players, as for the previous tournament in 1958. Ferenc Puskás, José Santamaría and José Altafini became three of four players ever to play for two different national teams (the fourth being Robert Prosinečki in 1998). In light of this, FIFA created stipulations describing that once a player represents a nation during a World Cup or its qualifying rounds the player cannot switch to another national team.^{[citation needed]}

Match officials

Eighteen match officials from 17 countries were assigned to the tournament to serve as referees and assistant referees.

Seeding

Pot 1: South America	Pot 2: Europe I	Pot 3: Europe II	Pot 4: Rest of the World
Chile (host nation) Brazil (defending champions) Argentina Uruguay	Czechoslovakia England Soviet Union West Germany	Italy Hungary Spain Yugoslavia	Bulgaria Colombia Mexico Switzerland

Format

The format of the competition was similar to that of the 1958 competition: 16 teams qualified, divided into four groups of four. Four teams were seeded in the draw taking place in Santiago de Chile, on 18 January 1962: Brazil, England, Italy and Uruguay.^[3] The top two teams in each group advanced to the quarter-finals.

Two points were awarded for a win and one for a draw. In a change from the 1958 format, goal average was used to separate any teams equal on points.^[4] (In 1958, goal average was available, but was only between teams level on points in first place, or if a playoff between teams equal in second place failed to yield a result after extra time). Argentina became the first (and only) team in World Cup history to be eliminated on goal average when England advanced from Group 4 in second place.

In the knockout games, if the teams were level after ninety minutes, thirty minutes of extra time were played. For any match other than the final, if the teams were still even after extra time then lots would be drawn to determine the winner. The final would have been replayed if even after extra time. In the event, no replays or drawing of lots was necessary.

Summary

In May 1960, as the preparations were well under way, Chile suffered the largest earthquake ever recorded (9.5 magnitude), which caused enormous damage to the national infrastructure. In the face of this, Carlos Dittborn, the president of the Organization Committee, coined the phrase "Because we don't have anything, we will do everything in our power to rebuild".^[5] Stadia and other infrastructure were rebuilt at record speed and the tournament occurred on schedule with no major organisational flaw. Dittborn did not live to see the success of his efforts, as he died one month before the start of the tournament. The World Cup venue at Arica was named Estadio Carlos Dittborn in his honour and bears his name to this day.^{[citation needed]}

As the competition began, a shift in strategy was imminent. Defensive strategies began to take hold as the average goals per match dropped to 2.78, under 3 for the first time in competition history (the average has never been above 3 since).^[6]

Pelé was injured in the second group match against Czechoslovakia. The USSR's goalkeeper Lev Yashin, arguably the world's best at the time, was in poor form and his team went out to Chile (1–2) in the quarter-finals. Bright spots included the emergence of the young Brazilians Amarildo (standing in for Pelé) and Garrincha, the heroics of Czechoslovakia goalkeeper Viliam Schrojf against Hungary and Yugoslavia, and the performance of the host nation Chile, who took third place with a squad of relatively unknown players.^{[citation needed]}

The competition was marred by violence. This poisonous atmosphere culminated in the infamous first-round match between host Chile and Italy (2–0), known as the Battle of Santiago. Two Italian journalists had written unflattering articles about the host country. Although only two players (both of them Italian) were sent off by the English referee Ken Aston, the match saw repeated attempts from players on both sides to harm opponents, and the Italian team needed police protection to leave the field in safety.^[7]

In the first round, Brazil topped their group with Czechoslovakia finishing second, above Mexico and Spain. USSR and Yugoslavia finished above Uruguay and Colombia. Hungary, along with England progressed to the quarter-finals, while Argentina and Bulgaria were eliminated. England had the same number of points as Argentina but progressed due to a superior goal average; the first time such a requirement had been necessary in a World Cup finals tournament. Switzerland lost all three games while West Germany and Chile both went through over Italy.

Chile defeated European champions USSR to earn a semi-final game against the winner of the England – Brazil game. Garrincha scored two goals in a 3–1 win against England. Meanwhile, 1–0 wins for Yugoslavia against West Germany – and another 1–0 win of Czechoslovakia against neighbours Hungary – saw the two Slavic states meet in the semi-finals.

Viña del Mar was the original venue for the South American semi-final and Santiago for the Slavic one, but due to Chile's surprise qualification, the organisers prompted FIFA to switch the venues. This irritated crowds in Viña del Mar and only a little under 6,000 spectators came to Estadio Sausalito to watch Czechoslovakia beat Yugoslavia 3–1, whereas a capacity crowd of 76,600 in Santiago watched Brazil beat the hosts 4–2.^[8] This game saw Garrincha sent off for Brazil and Honorino Landa sent off for Chile. Chile eventually took third place in a 1–0 victory over Yugoslavia with the very last play of the match. The same player, Eladio Rojas, had also scored the winning goal in Chile's game against USSR.

Santiago's Estadio Nacional served as the venue for the final, and after 15 minutes, Brazil again found themselves a goal behind in the World Cup final, as a long ball from Adolf Scherer was latched onto by Josef Masopust: 1–0 Czechoslovakia. As in the previous final in 1958, Brazil soon hit back, equalising two minutes later through Amarildo after an error by Czechoslovak goalkeeper Schroijf. The Brazilians scored goals from Zito and Vavá (another Schrojf error) mid-way through the second half, and the Czechoslovaks could not get back into the game. The match ended 3–1 to Brazil, a successful defence of the title for only the second time in the history of the competition in spite of the absence of one of their star players of 1958, Pelé, who was replaced by Amarildo.

Results

Group stage

Group 1

Team	Pld	W	D	L	GF	GA	GAv	Pts
Soviet Union	3	2	1	0	8	5	1.60	5
Yugoslavia	3	2	0	1	8	3	2.67	4
Uruguay	3	1	0	2	4	6	0.67	2
Colombia	3	0	1	2	5	11	0.45	1

30 May 1962

Host selection

Qualification

Venues

Accommodation

Squads

Match officials

Seeding

Format

Summary

Results

Group stage

Group 1

Group 2

Group 3

Group 4

Knockout stage

Quarter-finals

Semi-finals

Third-place match

Final

Goalscorers

FIFA retrospective ranking

Footnotes

External links