2014 in echinoderm paleontology

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This list of fossil echinoderms described in 2014 is a list of new taxa of echinoderms of every kind that have been described during the year 2014. The list only includes taxa at the level of genus or species.

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Absurdaster^[1]	Gen. et 2 sp. et comb. nov	Valid	Kroh, Lukeneder & Gallemí	Early Cretaceous (Berriasian to Barremian)	Bersek Marl Formation Puez Formation	Hungary Italy Switzerland	A collyritid atelostomate. Genus contains two new species: Absurdaster puezensis and Absurdaster hungaricus, as well as "Collyrites" meriani Ooster (1865).
Acanthospondylus^[2]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Harper	Carboniferous (late Pennsylvanian)	Conemaugh Group	United States	An eospondylid oegophiurid brittle star. The type species is Acanthospondylus pennsylvanicus.
Aesiocrinus profundus^[3]	Sp. nov	Valid^[4]	Villanueva-Olea & Sour-Tovar	Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian)	Ixtaltepec Formation	Mexico	A poteriocrinidan cladid crinoid, a species of Aesiocrinus.
Andymetra donovani^[5]	Sp. nov	Valid	Hess	Late Jurassic (Oxfordian)		France	A comatulid crinoid, a species of Andymetra.
Apiocrinites feldmani^[6]	Sp. nov	Valid	Wilson, Reinthal & Ausich	Middle Jurassic (late Callovian)	Matmor Formation	Israel	A crinoid, a species of Apiocrinites.
Balanocrinus brachiospina^[5]	Sp. nov	Valid	Hess	Late Jurassic (Oxfordian)		France	An isocrinid crinoid, a species of Balanocrinus.
Bathysalenia skylari^[7]	Sp. nov	Valid	Jagt, Jackson & van der Ham	Late Cretaceous (late Turonian)		United States	A salenioid, a species of Bathysalenia.
Bohnerticrinus^[8]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Bohatý, Hein & Webster	Devonian (late Eifelian)	Freilingen Formation	Germany	A monobathrid camerate crinoid. The type species is Bohnerticrinus nilsjungi.
Botryocrinus meloi^[9]	Sp. nov	Valid	Scheffler, Fernandes & da Fonseca	Devonian	Ererê Formation	Brazil	A crinoid, a species of Botryocrinus.
Caenopedina aleksandrabitnerae^[10]	Sp. nov	Valid	Kroh	Oligocene	Polonez Cove Formation	Antarctica	A pedinid sea urchin, a species of Caenopedina.
Cambroblastus guolensis^[11]	Sp. nov	Valid	Zhu, Zamora & Lefebvre	Late Cambrian (Furongian)	Sandu Formation	China	An edrioasteroid, a species of Cambroblastus.
Cruxopadia^[12]	Gen. et 2 sp. nov	Valid	Reich in Reich & Ansorge	Late Jurassic (early Oxfordian) to Late Cretaceous (late Santonian)		France Spain	A sea cucumber, probably a stem-molpadiid. The type species is Cruxopadia mesozoica from the early Oxfordian of Normandy, France; genus also contains Cruxopadia reitneri from the late Santonian of Catalonia.
Ekteinocrinus mixteca^[3]	Sp. nov	Valid^[4]	Villanueva-Olea & Sour-Tovar	Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian)	Ixtaltepec Formation	Mexico	A dendrocrinidan cladid crinoid, a species of Ekteinocrinus.
Eoleptosynapta^[12]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Reich in Reich & Ansorge	Late Cretaceous (late Santonian)		Spain	A probably a stem-leptosynaptine synaptid sea cucumber. The type species is Eoleptosynapta jaumei.
Eorynkatorpa^[12]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Reich in Reich & Ansorge	Late Cretaceous (late Santonian)		Spain	A rynkatorpine synaptid sea cucumber. The type species is Eorynkatorpa catalonica.
Hexawacrinus^[13]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Frey et al.	Early Devonian (Pragian)		Morocco	A hexacrinitid monobathrid crinoid. The type species is Hexawacrinus claudiakurtae.
Hydriocrinus amplus^[3]	Sp. nov	Valid^[4]	Villanueva-Olea & Sour-Tovar	Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian)	Ixtaltepec Formation	Mexico	A poteriocrinidan cladid crinoid, a species of Hydriocrinus.
Hylodecrinus cymrus^[14]	Sp. nov	Valid	Howells & Kammer	Carboniferous (Mississippian)		United Kingdom	A cladid crinoid, a species of Hylodecrinus.
Infulaster navicularis^[15]	Sp. nov	Valid^[16]	Dieni & Kroh	Late Cretaceous (Coniacian)		Italy	A cardiasterid heart urchin, a species of Infulaster.
Jingxieocrinus^[17]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Chen & Han	Cambrian (Furongian)	Guole Formation	China	An eocrinoid. The type species is Jingxieocrinus guoleensis.
Leptosalenia barredai^[18]	Sp. nov	Valid	Forner	Early Cretaceous (Albian)		Spain	A sea urchin belonging to the order Salenioida and the family Saleniidae.
Linguaserra franzenae^[19]	Sp. nov	Valid	Reich & Kutscher	Early Silurian		Sweden	A linguaserrid ophiocistioid, a species of Linguaserra.
Maydena^[20]	Gen. et sp. nov	Junior homonym	Jell	Ordovician (Tremadocian)	Florentine Valley Formation	Australia	A brittle star of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is M. roadsidensis. The generic name is preoccupied by Maydena Chandler (2001).
Micropedina simplex^[21]	Sp. nov	Valid	Abdelhamid	Late Cretaceous (late Cenomanian)	Galala Formation	Egypt	A member of Pedinoida, a species of Micropedina.
Omanaster^[22]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Blake, Angiolini & Tintori	Early Permian (Sakmarian)	Saiwan Formation	Oman	A starfish. The type species is Omanaster imbricatus.
Ophiocamax ventosa^[23]	Sp. nov	Valid	Jagt et al.	Middle Miocene	Grand Bay Formation	Grenada (Carriacou Island)	A brittle star, a species of Ophiocamax.
Ophiodoris holterhoffi^[24]	Sp. nov	Valid	Thuy et al.	Early Cretaceous (late Aptian)	Glen Rose Formation	United States	An ophionereidid brittle star, a species of Ophiodoris.
Ophioleuce sanmigueli^[24]	Sp. nov	Valid	Thuy et al.	Early Cretaceous (Aptian)	Caranceja Formation	Spain	An ophioleucine ophiurid brittle star, a species of Ophioleuce.
Ophiozonella eloy^[24]	Sp. nov	Valid	Thuy et al.	Early Cretaceous (Aptian)	Caranceja Formation	Spain	An ophiolepidid brittle star, a species of Ophiozonella.
Ophiozonella thomasi^[24]	Sp. nov	Valid	Thuy et al.	Early Cretaceous (late Aptian)	Glen Rose Formation	United States	An ophiolepidid brittle star, a species of Ophiozonella.
Palaeocomaster benthuyi^[25]	Sp. nov	Valid	Hess	Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian)		France	A comatulid crinoid, a species of Palaeocomaster.
Palaeocomaster musculosus^[5]	Sp. nov	Valid	Hess	Late Jurassic (Oxfordian)		France	A comatulid crinoid, a species of Palaeocomaster.
Palaeocomaster paucicirrus^[25]	Sp. nov	Valid	Hess	Early or Middle Jurassic (Toarcian or Aalenian)		Germany	A comatulid crinoid, a species of Palaeocomaster.
Paracomatula morator^[5]	Sp. nov	Valid	Hess	Late Jurassic (Oxfordian)		France	A paracomatulid crinoid, a species of Paracomatula.
Paragonaster(?) haldixoni^[23]	Sp. nov	Valid	Jagt et al.	Middle Miocene	Grand Bay Formation	Grenada (Carriacou Island)	A starfish, possibly a species of Paragonaster.
Pedinopsis hemisphaerica^[26]	Sp. nov	Valid	Abdelhamid	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)	Galala Formation	Algeria^[27] Egypt	A sea urchin.
Persiadiskos^[28]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Guensburg & Rozhnov	Cambrian	Mila Formation	Iran	An agelacrinitid isorophid edrioasteroid. The type species is Persiadiskos zhuravlevi.
Phymosoma elqotti^[26]	Sp. nov	Valid	Abdelhamid	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)	Galala Formation	Egypt	A sea urchin.
Reciprocodiscus^[20]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Jell	Silurian (Llandovery)	Springfield Formation	Australia	An isorophid edrioasteroid. The type species is R. transambus.
Rhabdobrissus tarnopolensis^[29]	Sp. nov	Valid	Radwański, Górka & Wysocka	Miocene (late Badenian)	Ternopil Beds	Ukraine	A brissid spatangoid, a species of Rhabdobrissus.
Sierradiadema^[30]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Mooi & Hilton	Middle Jurassic (Callovian)	Mariposa Formation	United States	A diadematacean sea urchin. The type species is Sierradiadema kristini.
Stipecrinus^[3]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[4]	Villanueva-Olea & Sour-Tovar	Carboniferous (Mississippian)	Ixtaltepec Formation	Mexico	A poteriocrinidan cladid crinoid. The type species is Stipecrinus splendidus.
Storthingocrinus coronatus^[8]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bohatý, Hein & Webster	Devonian (middle Eifelian to early Givetian)	Junkerberg Formation Loogh Formation	Germany	A disparid crinoid, a species of Storthingocrinus.
Storthingocrinus ebbighauseni^[8]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bohatý, Hein & Webster	Devonian (Eifelian)	Ahrdorf Formation Junkerberg Formation	Germany	A disparid crinoid, a species of Storthingocrinus.
Storthingocrinus lobatus^[8]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bohatý, Hein & Webster	Devonian (earliest Givetian)	Ahbach Formation	Germany	A disparid crinoid, a species of Storthingocrinus.
Tethyaster antares^[31]	Sp. nov	Valid	Fernández et al.	Early Cretaceous (early Valanginian)	Mulichinco Formation	Argentina	An astropectinid, a species of Tethyaster.
Tetracrinus galei^[5]	Sp. nov	Valid	Hess	Late Jurassic (Oxfordian)		France	A cyrtocrinid crinoid, a species of Tetracrinus.
Tiaracrinus jeanlemenni^[32]	Sp. nov	Valid	Klug et al.	Devonian (late Emsian)		Morocco	A zophocrinid disparid crinoid, a species of Tiaracrinus.

References

^ Andreas Kroh; Alexander Lukeneder; Jaume Gallemí (2014). "Absurdaster, a new genus of basal atelostomate from the Early Cretaceous of Europe and its phylogenetic position". Cretaceous Research. 48: 235–249. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2013.11.013. PMC 4819037. PMID 27087720.
^ John A. Harper (2014). "Acanthospondylus pennsylvanicus, A new Genus and Species of Pennsylvanian Eospondylid Ophiuroid (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Western Pennsylvania". Annals of Carnegie Museum. 82 (3): 247–255. doi:10.2992/007.082.0305. S2CID 85699692.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Rafael Villanueva-Olea; Francisco Sour-Tovar (2014). "A new genus and four new species of cladid crinoids from the Carboniferous of Oaxaca State, Mexico". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 13 (7): 527–542. doi:10.1080/14772019.2014.913719. S2CID 85127757.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d http://zoobank.org/References/347E74B9-82EB-49B8-BA16-61A65835CA5E ^{[dead link‍]}
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Hans Hess (2014). "Balanocrinus and other crinoids from Late Jurassic mudstones of France and Switzerland". Swiss Journal of Palaeontology. 133 (1): 47–75. doi:10.1007/s13358-013-0059-x.
^ Mark A. Wilson; Elizabeth A. Reinthal; William I. Ausich (2014). "Parasitism of a new apiocrinitid crinoid species from the Middle Jurassic (Callovian) of southern Israel". Journal of Paleontology. 88 (6): 1212–1221. doi:10.1666/14-009. S2CID 128473471.
^ John W.M. Jagt; John Jackson & Raymond W.J.M. van der Ham (2014). "Bathysalenia skylari, a new late Turonian (Late Cretaceous) saleniid echinoid from central Texas, USA". Cretaceous Research. 51: 70–74. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2014.05.012.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Jan Bohatý; Uwe Hein; Gary D. Webster (2014). "Articulated endoskeletons of the Devonian disparid Storthingocrinus: implications for the revision of a misunderstood crinoid genus". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 88 (1): 27–53. doi:10.1007/s12542-013-0176-2. S2CID 129350713.
^ S.M. Scheffler; A.C.S.F. Fernandes; V.M.M. da Fonseca (2014). "Crinoids columnals (Echinodermata) of the Ererê Formation (late Eifelian–early Givetian, Amazon Basin), State of Pará, Brazil". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 49: 63–72. Bibcode:2014JSAES..49...63S. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2013.11.001.
^ Andreas Kroh (2014). "Echinoids from the Chlamys Ledge Member (Polonez Cove Formation, Oligocene) of King George Island, West Antarctica". Polish Polar Research. 35 (3): 455–467. doi:10.2478/popore-2014-0024.
^ Xuejian Zhu; Samuel Zamora; Bertrand Lefebvre (2014). "Morphology and palaeoecology of a new edrioblastoid (Edrioasteroidea) from the Furongian of China". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 59 (4): 921–926. doi:10.4202/app.2012.0116.
^ ^a ^b ^c Mike Reich; Jörg Ansorge (2014). "Santonian sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from Sierra del Montsec, Spain". In Frank Wiese; Mike Reich; Gernot Arp (eds.). "Spongy, slimy, cosy & more". Commemorative volume in celebration of the 60th birthday of Joachim Reitner. Göttingen Contributions to Geosciences 77. Universitätsverlag Göttingen. pp. 147–160. doi:10.3249/webdoc-3925. ISBN 978-3-86395-165-8.
^ Linda Frey; Carole Naglik; Richard Hofmann; Mena Schemm-Gregory; Jiří Frýda; Björn Kröger; Paul D. Taylor; Mark A. Wilson; Christian Klug (2014). "Diversity and palaeoecology of Early Devonian invertebrate associations in the Tafilalt (Anti-Atlas, Morocco)". Bulletin of Geosciences. 89 (1): 75–112. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1459.
^ Cindy Howells; Thomas Kammer (2014). "A new crinoid from the Mississippian age (Early Carboniferous) of South Pembrokeshire, Wales". Geological Journal. 49 (2): 207–212. doi:10.1002/gj.2514. S2CID 85463659.
^ Iginio Dieni; Andreas Kroh (2014). "Boreal echinoids from the Tethys Realm: Infulaster and Hagenowia from the Upper Cretaceous of eastern Sardinia (Italy)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 13 (9): 741–751. doi:10.1080/14772019.2014.952686. S2CID 129274325.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2019-05-29. Retrieved 2014-09-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ Gui-ying Chen; Nai-ren Han (2014). "A new eocrinoid genus from the Upper Cambrian of Guangxi, South China". Acta Palaeontologica Sinica. 53 (3): 290–301.
^ Enric Forner (2014). "Una nova espècie del gènere Leptosalenia Smith & Wright, 1990 (Echinoidea: Saleniidae) de l'Albià de Traiguera (Conca del Maestrat, NE de la península Ibèrica)". Treballs del Museu de Geologia de Barcelona. 20: 5–13. doi:10.32800/tmgb.2014.20.0005.
^ Mike Reich; Manfred Kutscher (2014). "A new ophiocistioid (Echinodermata) from the Silurian of Gotland, Sweden". GFF. 136 (3): 459–463. doi:10.1080/11035897.2013.861863. S2CID 129869188.
^ ^a ^b Peter A. Jell (2014). "A Tremadocian asterozoan from Tasmania and a late Llandovery edrioasteroid from Victoria". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 38 (4): 528–540. doi:10.1080/03115518.2014.911642. S2CID 128577358.
^ Marouf A.M. Abdelhamid (2014). "Revision of the echinoid genus Micropedina Cotteau, 1866 and description of a new species from the upper Cenomanian of Egypt". Cretaceous Research. 51: 95–111. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2014.05.015.
^ Daniel B. Blake; Lucia Angiolini & Andrea Tintori (2014). "Omanaster imbricatus (Echinodermata, Asteroidea), a new genus and species from the Sakmarian (Lower Permian) Saiwan Formation of Oman, Arabian Peninsula". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 120 (3). Archived from the original on 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2014-12-11.
^ ^a ^b John W. M. Jagt; Ben Thuy; Stephen K. Donovan; Sabine Stöhr; Roger W. Portell; Ron K. Pickerill; David A. T. Harper; William Lindsay; Trevor A. Jackson (2014). "A starfish bed in the Middle Miocene Grand Bay Formation of Carriacou, The Grenadines (West Indies)". Geological Magazine. 151 (3): 381–393. Bibcode:2014GeoM..151..381J. doi:10.1017/S0016756813000204. S2CID 54043578.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Ben Thuy; Andrew S. Gale; Sabine Stöhr; Frank Wiese (2014). "Shallow-water brittle-star (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) assemblages from the Aptian (Early Cretaceous) of the North Atlantic: first insights into bathymetric distribution patterns". In Frank Wiese; Mike Reich; Gernot Arp (eds.). "Spongy, slimy, cosy & more". Commemorative volume in celebration of the 60th birthday of Joachim Reitner. Göttingen Contributions to Geosciences 77. Universitätsverlag Göttingen. pp. 163–182. doi:10.3249/webdoc-3927. ISBN 978-3-86395-165-8.
^ ^a ^b Hans Hess (2014). "Origin and radiation of the comatulids (Crinoidea) in the Jurassic". Swiss Journal of Palaeontology. 133 (1): 23–34. doi:10.1007/s13358-013-0061-3. S2CID 83599642.
^ ^a ^b Marouf Abdelaty Mohamed Abdelhamid (2014). "Middle–upper Cenomanian echinoids from north Wadi Qena, North Eastern Desert, Egypt". Cretaceous Research. 50: 138–170. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2014.04.010.
^ Aicha Bourezg-Belkhir; Madani Benyoucef; Gamal El Qot; Mahammed Mahboubi; Mohammed Adaci; Djamila Zaoui; Mustapha Bensalah (2024). "Echinoids associated to the Neolobites event from the Sahara (upper Cenomanian, Southern Algeria)". Annales de Paléontologie. 110 (2). 102648. doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2023.102648.
^ T. E. Guensburg; S. V. Rozhnov (2014). "A unique edrioasteroid from the upper Middle Cambrian of Iran, its phylogenetic implications and paleoecology". Paleontological Journal. 48 (4): 401–406. doi:10.1134/S0031030114040078. S2CID 84847350.
^ Andrzej Radwański; Marcin Górka; Anna Wysocka (2014). "Badenian (Middle Miocene) echinoids and starfish from western Ukraine, and their biogeographic and stratigraphic significance". Acta Geologica Polonica. 64 (2): 207–247. Bibcode:2014AcGeP..64..224R. doi:10.2478/agp-2014-0012. S2CID 128757693.
^ Rich Mooi; Richard P. Hilton (2014). "First record and phylogenetic significance of a Jurassic diadematacean sea urchin from California". Journal of Paleontology. 88 (3): 421–433. doi:10.1666/13-130. S2CID 131232806.
^ Diana Elizabeth Fernández; Damián Eduardo Pérez; Leticia Luci; Martín Alejandro Carrizo (2014). "An Early Cretaceous astropectinid (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) from Patagonia (Argentina): A new species and the oldest record of the family for the Southern Hemisphere". Andean Geology. 41 (1): 210–223. doi:10.5027/andgeoV41n1-a08. hdl:11336/29659.
^ Christian Klug; Kenneth De Baets; Carole June Naglik; Johnny Waters (2014). "A new species of Tiaracrinus from the latest Emsian of Morocco and its phylogeny". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 59 (1): 135–145. doi:10.4202/app.2011.0188.

[1] Andreas Kroh; Alexander Lukeneder; Jaume Gallemí (2014). "Absurdaster, a new genus of basal atelostomate from the Early Cretaceous of Europe and its phylogenetic position". Cretaceous Research. 48: 235–249. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2013.11.013. PMC 4819037. PMID 27087720.

[2] John A. Harper (2014). "Acanthospondylus pennsylvanicus, A new Genus and Species of Pennsylvanian Eospondylid Ophiuroid (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Western Pennsylvania". Annals of Carnegie Museum. 82 (3): 247–255. doi:10.2992/007.082.0305. S2CID 85699692.

[JSPcladidsOaxaca-3] Rafael Villanueva-Olea; Francisco Sour-Tovar (2014). "A new genus and four new species of cladid crinoids from the Carboniferous of Oaxaca State, Mexico". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 13 (7): 527–542. doi:10.1080/14772019.2014.913719. S2CID 85127757.

[JSPcladidsOaxacaZB-4] ttp://zoobank.org/References/347E74B9-82EB-49B8-BA16-61A65835CA5E ^{[dead link‍]}

[SJPBalanocrinus-5] Hans Hess (2014). "Balanocrinus and other crinoids from Late Jurassic mudstones of France and Switzerland". Swiss Journal of Palaeontology. 133 (1): 47–75. doi:10.1007/s13358-013-0059-x.

[6] Mark A. Wilson; Elizabeth A. Reinthal; William I. Ausich (2014). "Parasitism of a new apiocrinitid crinoid species from the Middle Jurassic (Callovian) of southern Israel". Journal of Paleontology. 88 (6): 1212–1221. doi:10.1666/14-009. S2CID 128473471.

[7] John W.M. Jagt; John Jackson & Raymond W.J.M. van der Ham (2014). "Bathysalenia skylari, a new late Turonian (Late Cretaceous) saleniid echinoid from central Texas, USA". Cretaceous Research. 51: 70–74. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2014.05.012.

[PZStorthingocrinus-8] Jan Bohatý; Uwe Hein; Gary D. Webster (2014). "Articulated endoskeletons of the Devonian disparid Storthingocrinus: implications for the revision of a misunderstood crinoid genus". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 88 (1): 27–53. doi:10.1007/s12542-013-0176-2. S2CID 129350713.

[9] S.M. Scheffler; A.C.S.F. Fernandes; V.M.M. da Fonseca (2014). "Crinoids columnals (Echinodermata) of the Ererê Formation (late Eifelian–early Givetian, Amazon Basin), State of Pará, Brazil". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 49: 63–72. Bibcode:2014JSAES..49...63S. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2013.11.001.

[10] Andreas Kroh (2014). "Echinoids from the Chlamys Ledge Member (Polonez Cove Formation, Oligocene) of King George Island, West Antarctica". Polish Polar Research. 35 (3): 455–467. doi:10.2478/popore-2014-0024.

[11] Xuejian Zhu; Samuel Zamora; Bertrand Lefebvre (2014). "Morphology and palaeoecology of a new edrioblastoid (Edrioasteroidea) from the Furongian of China". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 59 (4): 921–926. doi:10.4202/app.2012.0116.

[ReichAnsorge-12] Mike Reich; Jörg Ansorge (2014). "Santonian sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from Sierra del Montsec, Spain". In Frank Wiese; Mike Reich; Gernot Arp (eds.). "Spongy, slimy, cosy & more". Commemorative volume in celebration of the 60th birthday of Joachim Reitner. Göttingen Contributions to Geosciences 77. Universitätsverlag Göttingen. pp. 147–160. doi:10.3249/webdoc-3925. ISBN 978-3-86395-165-8.

[BoGDevonianTafilalt-13] Linda Frey; Carole Naglik; Richard Hofmann; Mena Schemm-Gregory; Jiří Frýda; Björn Kröger; Paul D. Taylor; Mark A. Wilson; Christian Klug (2014). "Diversity and palaeoecology of Early Devonian invertebrate associations in the Tafilalt (Anti-Atlas, Morocco)". Bulletin of Geosciences. 89 (1): 75–112. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1459.

[14] Cindy Howells; Thomas Kammer (2014). "A new crinoid from the Mississippian age (Early Carboniferous) of South Pembrokeshire, Wales". Geological Journal. 49 (2): 207–212. doi:10.1002/gj.2514. S2CID 85463659.

[15] Iginio Dieni; Andreas Kroh (2014). "Boreal echinoids from the Tethys Realm: Infulaster and Hagenowia from the Upper Cretaceous of eastern Sardinia (Italy)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 13 (9): 741–751. doi:10.1080/14772019.2014.952686. S2CID 129274325.

[16] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2019-05-29. Retrieved 2014-09-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[17] Gui-ying Chen; Nai-ren Han (2014). "A new eocrinoid genus from the Upper Cambrian of Guangxi, South China". Acta Palaeontologica Sinica. 53 (3): 290–301.

[18] Enric Forner (2014). "Una nova espècie del gènere Leptosalenia Smith & Wright, 1990 (Echinoidea: Saleniidae) de l'Albià de Traiguera (Conca del Maestrat, NE de la península Ibèrica)". Treballs del Museu de Geologia de Barcelona. 20: 5–13. doi:10.32800/tmgb.2014.20.0005.

[19] Mike Reich; Manfred Kutscher (2014). "A new ophiocistioid (Echinodermata) from the Silurian of Gotland, Sweden". GFF. 136 (3): 459–463. doi:10.1080/11035897.2013.861863. S2CID 129869188.

[Maydena-20] Peter A. Jell (2014). "A Tremadocian asterozoan from Tasmania and a late Llandovery edrioasteroid from Victoria". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 38 (4): 528–540. doi:10.1080/03115518.2014.911642. S2CID 128577358.

[21] Marouf A.M. Abdelhamid (2014). "Revision of the echinoid genus Micropedina Cotteau, 1866 and description of a new species from the upper Cenomanian of Egypt". Cretaceous Research. 51: 95–111. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2014.05.015.

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