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Kanjuruhan Stadium disaster

Coordinates: 08°09′01″S 112°34′26″E / 8.15028°S 112.57389°E / -8.15028; 112.57389
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2022 Kanjuruhan Stadium disaster
Kanjuruhan Stadium in 2010
Map
Date1 October 2022 (2022-10-01)
LocationKanjuruhan Stadium, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
Coordinates08°09′01″S 112°34′26″E / 8.15028°S 112.57389°E / -8.15028; 112.57389
Deaths≥182[1][2]
Non-fatal injuries~180–309

The 2022 Kanjuruhan Stadium disaster was a fatal human crush during a football match at Kanjuruhan Stadium, in Malang, East Java, Indonesia, on 1 October 2022. Following a loss by Arema FC to Persebaya Surabaya, Arema supporters invaded the pitch and rioted, attacking police and Persebaya players. In response, riot police units deployed tear gas, which triggered a stampede as the people in the stadium were asphyxiated by the gas. At least 182 died in the incident, with hundreds more injured. The incident is the deadliest football-related disaster in Asia, as well as the second-deadliest worldwide.

Background

Football hooliganism has had a long history in Indonesia, with dozens of supporters being killed since the 1990s. Several teams' fan clubs have so-called "commanders", and riot police units are present in many matches with flares often being used to disperse rioting crowds invading the pitch.[3] In 2018, riots at Kanjuruhan following a match between Malang's Arema FC and Persib Bandung had resulted in a fatality after riot police employed tear gas to disperse crowds.[4] Although FIFA regulations (19b) stated tear gas and firearms should not be used in stadiums by pitchside stewards or police,[5] the scope of this regulation does not extend to competitions not directly organized by FIFA,[5] and it is employed by Indonesian police riot units securing football matches.[6]

Arema and Persebaya Surabaya, longstanding rival clubs as the Super East Java Derby, were scheduled to play a Liga 1 regular season match at Malang's 42,000-capacity Kanjuruhan Stadium on 1 October.[7] Due to security concerns, police had requested that the match be held earlier in the afternoon instead of at 20:30 WIB (13:30 UTC), and that only 38,000 people be allowed to spectate; however the request was not accepted by Liga 1 officials and 42,000 tickets were printed.[8][7][9] Following police advice, however, tickets to the match were not provided for Persebaya supporters.[10]

Disaster

Throughout the match itself, the security situation had been smooth and without major incidents.[11] Following the end of the match, in which Persebaya defeated Arema FC 3–2, approximately 3,000 supporters of Arema FC, nicknamed Aremania, invaded the pitch.[12][13] They demanded to see their team's players and officials. Security officials and police tried to divert more Aremania away from the pitch, but to no avail.[11] Then Aremania proceeded to damage police vehicles and started fires in the stadium,[12] forcing Persebaya's players to rush for cover inside locker rooms[11] and then rush again into police armored personnel carriers for an hour before they could leave the stadium.[11] The police began using tear gas in an attempt to disperse the rioters on the pitch, but the police also shot tear gas towards tribunes; tribune 12, 14, south and north tribune were shot by tear gas,[12][14][15][16] asphyxiating Aremania invading the pitch and other people there,[12] causing Aremania to run frantically for the single exit point (Gate 12),[17] resulting in a crowd crush and further asphyxiations.[6] Tear gas was also shot outside the stadium.[18]

In the immediate aftermath of the riot, the players' lobby and changing rooms were used as makeshift evacuation posts, with Arema FC players and officials helping to evacuate victims still in the stadium prior to the victims being brought to hospitals by ambulances and Indonesian Army trucks.[12]

Aftermath

Malang Regency Office of Health reported that 182 people were killed in the incident.[1] Among the confirmed casualties from police reports are at least 125 Arema FC supporters and 2 police officers (Police First Brigadier Fajar Yoyok Pujiono and Police Brigadier Andik Purwanto).[19][20][21][22] Minors, mostly from ages 12 to 17, are also included within the casualties, with 17 dead and 7 injured.[23] The number is expected to further increase as some of the treated victims were "deteriorating".[24] Among the fatalities, 34 were killed within the stadium, while the rest died while receiving medical treatment.[25] The reported numbers of injured casualties are varied between 180 to 309.[26][27][28] The municipal government of Malang paid for the medical treatment of victims.[29] The disaster is the second-deadliest in the history of association football worldwide, after the 1964 Estadio Nacional disaster in Peru which killed 328 people. It is also the deadliest in both Asia and Indonesia.[30][31][32]

Kepanjen Regional Hospital and Wava Hospital are reported to be full of victims from the disaster, leading to some being sent to other hospitals around the city.[33][34]

As a result of the incident, all Liga 1 matches were suspended for a week.[35] The Football Association of Indonesia announced a ban on home matches for Arema for the rest of the season.[36] President Joko Widodo later instructed the association to suspend all Liga 1 matches until all "evaluation of improvement of security procedures" is carried out.[37]

The National Commission on Human Rights of Indonesia plans to investigate the incident and the use of tear gas by police.[38] Although FIFA's rules say that tear gas should not be used inside stadiums, the chief of regional police defended its use, citing the threats posed by the rioters to team's players and officials.[6] However, the police also stated that they will evaluate the use of tear gas.[39]

The Governor of East Java Khofifah Indar Parawansa announced that the government of East Java would provide financial compensation for the relatives of the victims. Each next-of-kin of the deceased would receive Rp 10 million (US$ 698.9), while the wounded victims would receive Rp 5 million (US$ 349.45).[40]

Deputy Chairman of Commission III of the DPR-RI Ahmad Sahroni condemned the actions of the officers throwing tear gas at the stands which were filled with people. According to him, the use of tear gas in stadiums is prohibited by FIFA and is not included in the SOP for securing football matches. Sahroni asked the National Police Chief General Listyo Sigit Prabowo to take firm action against the officers responsible for the use of tear gas.[41][42]

Following the incident, there were calls from the Institute for Security and Strategic Studies (ISESS), an Indonesian defence and security think tank, and the Indonesian Police Watch (IPW) to dismiss the Malang police chief, Adjunct Chief Commissioner Ferli Hidayat. ISESS also demanded the dismissal of the East Java police chief Inspector General Nico Afinta, while IPW requested Afinta to bring the organizers of the match to trial.[43][44]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Update Terbaru, 182 Orang Meninggal Dalam Kerusuhan di Stadion Kanjuruhan Malang, Korban Dievakuasi ke RSSA". jatimhariini.co.id. 2 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  2. ^ "At least 182 killed in stampede after soccer game in Indonesia, team says". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  3. ^ Cave, Damien (1 October 2022). "Riots at Indonesian Soccer Match Leave Several Fans Dead". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  4. ^ "Terulang, Tragedi Kelam 'Kanjuruhan Disaster' 2018 Silam". VIVA.co.id (in Indonesian). 2 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  5. ^ a b "FIFA Stadium Safety and Security Regulations" (PDF). p. 32. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  6. ^ a b c "Dilarang FIFA, Kenapa Ada Tembakan Gas Air Mata di Stadion Kanjuruhan?". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 2 October 2022. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  7. ^ a b "Arema Vs Persebaya ubah jadwal main untuk keamanan". Radar Bogor (in Indonesian). 27 September 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  8. ^ Rizqo, Kanavino Ahmad. "127 Orang Tewas, Panpel Tolak Usul Polisi Percepat Pertandingan ke Sore Hari". detiknews (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
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  10. ^ "Arema FC Vs Persebaya – Tidak Ada Tiket untuk Bonek". Bola Sport (in Indonesian). 25 September 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  11. ^ a b c d "Kronologi Kerusuhan Usai Arema vs Persebaya yang Tewaskan 127 Orang". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 2 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  12. ^ a b c d e "Kericuhan di Kanjuruhan, Pemain Arema FC Bantu Evakuasi Korban". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). 1 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  13. ^ "Dari 127 Korban Tewas, 34 Orang Meninggal di Stadion Kanjuruhan dalam Kerusuhan di Laga Arema FC vs Persebaya Surabaya". Okezone (in Indonesian). 2 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  14. ^ Aminudin, Muhammad. "Alasan Polisi Tembakkan Gas Air Mata di Stadion Kanjuruhan: Suporter Sudah Anarkis". detikjatim (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  15. ^ Media, Kompas Cyber (2 October 2022). "Tragedi Kanjuruhan Malang, Tofan Selamat, Sempat Sesak Napas Usai Hirup Gas Air Mata dan Sulit Dapat Jalan Keluar". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  16. ^ Media, Kompas Cyber (2 October 2022). "Kesaksian Suporter Arema Melihat Korban "Pergi" Sebelum Kembali Halaman all". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  17. ^ Media, Kompas Cyber (2 October 2022). "Tragedi Kanjuruhan Malang, Tofan Selamat, Sempat Sesak Napas Usai Hirup Gas Air Mata dan Sulit Dapat Jalan Keluar Halaman 2". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  18. ^ Media, Kompas Cyber (2 October 2022). "Kesaksian Suporter Arema Melihat Korban "Pergi" Sebelum Kembali Halaman all". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  19. ^ Detikcom, Tim. "127 Orang Tewas di Tragedi Kanjuruhan, Lampaui Kasus Hillsborough". sepakbola (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  20. ^ Media, Kompas Cyber (1 October 2022). "Kerusuhan Suporter di Kanjuruhan Malang, 127 Orang Meninggal Dunia". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  21. ^ Millar, Colin (1 October 2022). "127 football fans killed in riot involving tear gas as league suspended". mirror. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  22. ^ Muttaqin, Adhar. "2 Polisi Tewas di Tragedi Kanjuruhan: Brigadir Andik dan Briptu Fajar Yoyok". detiknews (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  23. ^ "KemenPPPA Jangkau Anak-anak Korban Tragedi Stadion Kanjuruhan" (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  24. ^ "Indonesia: Dozens killed in clashes after football match". DW.COM. 2 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  25. ^ "Dari 127 Korban Tewas, 34 Orang Meninggal di Stadion Kanjuruhan dalam Kerusuhan di Laga Arema FC vs Persebaya Surabaya". Okezone (in Indonesian). 2 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  26. ^ Times, I. D. N.; Nafi'an, Muhammad Ilman. "Daftar Rumah Sakit yang Tampung Korban Tragedi Kanjuruhan". IDN Times (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 October 2022.
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  28. ^ detikJatim, tim. "Bertambah, Korban Tewas Tragedi Kanjuruhan Capai 174 Orang, 309 Luka". detikjateng (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  29. ^ "Situasi di RSUD Kanjuruhan Malang Dipenuhi Keluarga Korban Kerusuhan usai Laga Arema FC vs Persebaya". KOMPAS (in Indonesian). 2 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  30. ^ BeritaSatu.com (2 October 2022). "Sepak Bola Paling Mematikan Dunia, Tragedi Kanjuruhan Nomor 2". beritasatu.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  31. ^ Bolasport.com (2 October 2022). "Memilukan, Tragedi Kanjuruhan Jadi Insiden Paling Mematikan Kedua di Sepak Bola Dunia". www.bolasport.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
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  33. ^ "RSUD Kepanjen sudah Terlalu Banyak Tampung Jenazah Korban Kerusuhan di Stadion Kanjuruhan Malang". Kompas TV (in Indonesian).
  34. ^ "RS Wava Penuh, Korban Kericuhan di Stadion Kanjuruhan Malang Dibawa ke RS Lain". kumparan (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  35. ^ "More than 120 people reportedly killed in riot at Indonesian football match". the Guardian. 1 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  36. ^ "Ketua Umum PSSI: Arema FC Dilarang Gelar Laga Kandang di Sisa Liga 1 2022/23". Bola.net (in Indonesian). 2 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
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  39. ^ Nufus, Wilda Hayatun. "Polri Evaluasi soal Gas Air Mata di Tragedi Kanjuruhan Malang". detiknews (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  40. ^ Vizki, Havid Al; Firatmaja, Fian (2 October 2022). "Pemprov Jatim Berikan Santunan untuk Korban di Kanjuruhan". Republika (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  41. ^ "Sahroni soal Tragedi Kanjuruhan: Penggunaan Gas Air Mata Telak Dilanggar". news.detik.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  42. ^ "Ahmad Sahroni Kecam Penggunaan Gas Air Mata di Stadion Kanjuruhan". www.beritasatu.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  43. ^ Ramadhan, Bilal (2 October 2022). "'Ada Tragedi Kanjuruhan, Copot Kapolda Jatim dan Kapolres Malang!'". Republika Online (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  44. ^ Zulfikar, Muhammad (2 October 2022). "IPW desak Kapolri copot Kapolres Malang buntut tragedi stadion Kanjuruhan". ANTARA News Jawa Timur. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
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