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Philippine English vocabulary

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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by PiaLily (talk | contribs) at 10:35, 12 March 2022 (By-election is a Britishism. Also, train station is seen an Americanism. Philippines uses burglarize and special election as in the US and railway station as in the UK. Patrolman already a police rank; constable is chiefly for traffic enforcers). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

As a historical colony of the United States, the Philippine English lexicon shares most of its vocabulary from American English, but also has loanwords from native languages and Spanish, as well as some usages, coinages, and slang peculiar to the Philippines. Some Philippine English usages are borrowed from or shared with British or Commonwealth English, for various reasons. Due to the influence of the Spanish language, Philippine English also contains Spanish-derived terms, including Anglicizations, some resulting in false friends, such as "salvage". Philippine English also borrowed words from Philippine languages, especially native plant and animal names (e.g. ampalaya, balimbing), and cultural concepts with no exact English equivalents (e.g. kilig); some borrowings from Philippine languages have entered mainstream English, such as abaca and ylang-ylang.

Some terms are only used in some regions. Examples are bringhouse (bringing food home from fiestas), which is only used in the Visayas, and haggard (police on motorcycles), which is used only in Visayas and Mindanao.

Words with meanings differing from standard English

Word/phrase Philippine English meaning Standard English meaning Notes
Advanced of a clock ahead of standard time state-of-the-art
Artist actor/actress
Athletics Sport comprising the events in track and field, cross country running, road running and racewalking Shared with British English
Bangs locks of hair on forehead Shared with American English
Birdie penis little bird; golf score of one under par Childish slang, popularized by the Parokya ni Edgar song "Don't Touch My Birdie".
Bold (adjective) implying or associated with pornography (as in bold film, and bold star); (noun) pornography (adjective) courageous; brave
Brilliant excellent, of the highest quality Shared with British English
Brownout blackout; power outage sudden drop in voltage Also used in Commonwealth English varieties.[1][2]
Bug any insect Shared with American English
Cabaret strip club live entertainment in a restaurant or nightclub Also see nightclub below.
Calling card business card name card
Canteen basic food service location usually at a work place or institution Shared with British English
Caravan towed recreational vehicle containing accommodation Shared with British English
Cart
Trolley		 a lightweight wheeled vehicle, as for shopping, serving, carrying baggage, etc.
Certain (particle) emphasis marker suggesting ambiguity or anonymity[3] known, but not specifically named
Close switch off (a light) enable the flow of electricity through the switch Term shared with Indian English
College post-high school institution that grants either associate's or bachelor's degree Shared with American English
Comedy practical joke humorous act
Commute to travel by public transportation to travel between home and work
Course college or university degree program Shared with British English
Crocodile corrupt politician genus of reptile Originally referred to Philippine Constabulary officers, after the brown color of their uniform.
Cubicle A compartment in a bathroom with low walls that contains a toilet. Shared with British English
Dialect languages of the Philippines other than Tagalog regional variety of a language From an erroneous redefinition of the term coined by the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino after declaring regional languages in the country as "dialects" to Filipino.[4] Considered inaccurate and derogatory, and "regional language" is considered the correct and proper usage in linguistic discourse.
Drive-in motel; motor inn type of outdoor cinema; type of drive-thru restaurant where food is served by a carhop
Duster simple sun dress cleaning tool
Elimination round group stage or regular season single-elimination tournament or two-legged tie Especially in basketball competitions. Preliminary round also used in football and volleyball.
Entertain to help or assist (in a corporate context e.g. "How can I entertain you?" for "How can I help you) to amuse
Faculty academic staff of a school, college or university Shared with American English
Featherbed bed or mattress stuffed with feathers Shared with British English
Fiscal public prosecutor; solicitor; attorney general public official responsible for control of public revenue in some countries Calque of Spanish fiscal.
Fix to make firm, fasten, attach or repair Shared with British English
Football association football Standard Philippine English definition. Shared with British English.
Gangbanger a participant in a "gang bang", a group sex activity Shared with British English
Gimmick unplanned night out with friends trick; ploy
Give way to give the right of way (to vehicles, pedestrians, etc.) Shared with British English
Go up get on a vehicle get on (the bus/jeep)
Graduate (v.)
Graduate (n.)		 to finish university with a degree
relating to a student at the point of gaining, or who has recently completed, a degree		 Shared with British English
Handbrake parking brake operated by a hand control, usually a lever Shared with British English
Hump a traffic calming tool Shared with British English
Inhibition (law) recusal fear or embarrassment that prevents natural behavior; stoppage or retardation of a chemical reaction
Janitor a person employed to oversee the cleaning and security of a building Shared with American English
Joint a piece of meat for carving Shared with British English
Junk shop scrap dealer store selling mostly used goods at cheap prices Scrap dealer is also used as well.
Lemonade non-carbonated drink made by mixing lemon juice, sugar, and water Shared with American English
Life imprisonment reclusion perpetua life sentence
Liquor a distilled beverage Shared with American English
Malicious implying sexually perverted behaviour having bad or evil intent
Maniac pervert someone suffering from manic behavior From "sex maniac".
Medical certificate a statement from a physician or other health care provider that attests to the result of a medical examination of a patient Shared with Malaysian English.
Middle name maternal surname/last name or maiden name second given name From the adaptation of Filipino names using Spanish naming customs to the Western system of first name-middle name-last name.
Motel love hotel; no-tell motel; sex hotel motorist's hotel Also simply called or used in conjunction with "short-time".
Nightclub strip club public or private establishment open at night to offer entertainment, food, drink, music, and dancing
Officemate co-worker Shared with American English
Open switch on (a light) interrupt the flow of electricity through the switch Term shared with Indian English.
Receptionist desk worker
Rotunda roundabout circular building From Spanish rotonda, via the Philippine languages.
Rugby contact cement; rubber cement ball sport Genericized trademark from the wood glue brand by Bostik.
Sala living room or courtroom large hall or reception hall Borrowed from Spanish via Philippine languages.
Salvage (noun) summary execution involving a person being killed by a gang in some locations and the cadaver thrown onto a large space such as a river, roadside or vacant land; (verb) to kill a person in a similar fashion (noun) act of rescuing or retrieved False friend from Spanish "salvaje" ("wild", via the form "salbahe" in Philippine languages), after the manner the victims are killed.
Scandal amateur pornography controversy Originally referred to celebrity sex tapes.
Slang (adjective) indicative of a foreign or strong English accent (noun) extremely informal language
Solitaire any one-player card game Shared with American English
Spandrel soffit A triangular space between the top of an arch and a rectangular frame Termed by the local construction industry to describe usually metal or corrugated plastic types of roof soffit.[5]
Storey a floor of a building Shared with British English
Straightaway
Straight away		 immediately Shared with British English
Student person studying at any educational institution person studying at a post-secondary educational institution Shared with American English
Subdivision gated community or named residential area with a distinct flavor parcel of land subdivided into lots
Tickler small notebook that fits the pocket or pocket notebook an object or a person that tickles
Tissue paper napkin or toilet paper absorbent paper; usually refers to facial tissue
Toga graduation gown ancient Roman garment; see also toga party
Tomboy lesbian or trans man boyish girl The term is often associated with lesbians with masculine traits, while lesbians with feminine traits are regarded as heterosexual.[6]
Tricycle auto rickshaw using a motorcycle and sidecar rig cycle with three wheels In the Visayas, also used for pedicabs.
Trip vibe journey
Trolley makeshift handcar (UK) cart; (US) streetcar Also called skate in Bicol Region.
Undersecretary deputy or assistant secretary deputy to assistant secretary
Village gated community small settlement

Words, expressions or usages peculiar to Philippine English

Word/phrase English definition or equivalents understood in most English varieties Notes
American
Americano		 white or Caucasian person The shortened term "kano" is more commonly used, from Americano
Apartelle budget hotel based on an apartment See also condotel
Banana cue skewered cooking bananas, sprinkled with sugar, grilled and served hot[7]
Batchmates students who graduated at the same time
Bed-space to rent a bedroom at a private home, where the rent for it is paid by a lodger or boarder"[8][unreliable source?]
Boodle fight gathering where food (usually pansit, or steamed rice and sardines) is served on old newspapers or banana leaves spread over a table and eaten with bare hands by a group of people Devised by PMA cadets, and does not represent authentic Philippine culture, but instead symbolizes fraternity and equality among PMA members by their sharing the same food without regard to rank. From West Point slang meaning "any party at which boodle (candy, cake, ice cream, etc.) is served."[9]
Cadette female cadet
Carnapping[10] carjacking; motor vehicle theft Blend of car and kidnapping.
Chancing sexual advance with suggestive body contact Often associated with Silent Generation and baby boomer Filipinos.[8]
Civilian clothes casual clothes Usually in a context where one is not required to wear a uniform. From police terminology, referring to plainclothes officers.
Comfort room/C.R. public toilet; Restroom
Community quarantine A cordon sanitaire or stay-at-home order Devised by the IATF-EID to distinguish a series of lockdowns due to the COVID-19 pandemic from military lockdowns resulting from civil disorder or armed conflict, the latter being associated with Martial law.[11] Compare with Malaysian English movement control order or Singaporean circuit breaker measure.
Computer shop Internet café From incorrect translation of kompyuteran.
Condotel/Condo budget hotel based on a condominium See also apartelle above
Coupon bond bond paper
Cutex nail polish Genericized trademark
Dine-in eat-in
Disco nightclub Also disco club, or simply club.
Dirty ice cream generic ice cream sold by street vendors
Dirty kitchen kitchen dedicated to household workers Also found in West Asian households.
Eat-all-you-can all-you-can-eat Common, but not necessarily peculiar to Philippine English.
Estafa fraud
Extra service orgasm as part of erotic massage done by a masseur; happy ending
Filipino time/Pinoy time habitual lateness of Filipinos Stereotypical, but often used humorously. See also Juan time below
Government-owned and controlled corporation state-owned enterprise Often abbreviated to GOCC.
Green joke off-color humor; ribaldry Calque of Spanish chiste verde. See also green-minded below
Green-minded dirty-minded; having sexual thoughts
Grotto garden or roadside shrine simulating a cave and containing a statue of the Blessed Virgin Mary (mostly Our Lady of Lourdes), and sometimes paired with a water feature From the holy cave in Lourdes, France.
Handcarry
Hand-carry		 carry-on; hand luggage
High-blood heavily angered
Hold-departure order criminal travel injunction
Holdupper[12] hold-up robber; stick-up man
Hollow block cement, concrete, or foundation block
House any place of residence
Informal settler squatter Also in informal settler's area (slum or shanty town).
Jeepney purpose-built public transportation vehicles, originally made from used US military jeeps
Jogging pants sweatpants or track pants Often part of the physical education uniform of most schools in the Philippines
Juan time habit of being on time After Juan dela Cruz.
Kidnapable person who is a likely target for kidnap for ransom for their wealth and social status Slang, often used tongue-in-cheek.
Kikay kit container where a woman's make-up and toiletries are kept
Load (noun) prepaid credits; (verb) top up
Macho dancer male stripper in a gay bar
McDo McD's; Maccas (Australia) Clipping of McDonald's. Also found in French.
Minor subject An elective; optional subject Usually contrasts to a major subject, which are required core subjects.
Necrological service obituary or pre-burial event consisting of eulogies and songs, especially over a deceased celebrity or public figure Used by funeral homes. Outside that context, first noted in writing in the Taglish elegy of Filipino poet V.I.S. de Veyra for English-language Filipino poet Ophelia Alcantara Dimalanta titled Requiem Para Kay Ophie (Dimalanta)---Makata, Kritiko ng Wika which mentions "necrological service" among other Philippine English words and phrases.[13] The phrase is also understood to mean "memorial service".
Number two mistress
Nosebleed to "have a nosebleed" is to have serious difficulty conversing in English with a fluent or native English speaker. It can also refer to anxiety brought on by a stressful event such as an examination, job interview or being afraid to be judged by others for not using proper grammar Slang, often used to avoid conversing with English speakers.
Parlor hair/beauty salon
Pekpek shorts short shorts From Tagalog vulgar slang for vagina.
Pension house family-owned guest house
Pentel pen marker Genericized trademark
Person deprived of liberty[14] convicted prisoner Shortened to PDL.[14]
Petsay
Pitchay		 a type of Chinese cabbage
Pisonet Internet café with coin-operated computers that can be used for 5 to 15 minutes after dropping a Philippine peso coin Genericized trademark
Polo dress shirt From polo shirt.
Practicumer intern From practicum.
Presidentiable presidential candidate
Promodiser / Promodizer A person who introduces a product, has enough knowledge about how it works, and would like to encourage the people to buy it. Either hired by companies who create products for the common people to buy, or existing mall employees that were hired by third-party companies. Possibly a portmanteau of "promotional merchandiser".
Recollection retreat
Red egg salted eggs with shells dyed magenta Calque of Tagalog itlog na pula.
Ref fridge Shortened from refrigerator.
Remembrance souvenir
Revival cover
Rubber shoes sneakers, athletic shoes or trainers
Sando sleeveless shirt, tank-top, wifebeater, vest or singlet May be traced to the Bengali word sando-genji.
Sari-sari store small, neighborhood convenience store or booth From the Tagalog sari-sari ("mixed" or "sundry").
School any educational institution Any educational institution, from kindergarten to university, are referred to as "school" in most casual conversations.
Schoolmates students who went to the same school
Scotch tape transparent adhesive tape Genericized trademark, from the brand by 3M.
Senatoriable Senate candidate
Sign pen a technical pen used for signing documents Genericized trademark by Pentel.
Sounds music played in a radio, audio or speaker
Stolen shot candid photography Slang
Top-down convertible
Transient [home] homestay
Unli unlimited E.g. in unli-text[15] or unli-rice.
Vetsin monosodium glutamate Genericized trademark from Tien Chun Ve-Tsin.
Viand an item of food eaten with rice
Videoke karaoke Coined in the 1990s, blend of video and karaoke.
Washday day where an employee or student can wear casual clothes, as uniforms are usually laundered that day May be traced back to a travel guide in 1908.[16]

Words with Philippine origin

This is a list of English words which originate from any of the Philippine languages.

Word/phrase Definition
abacá a species of banana native to the Philippines. The plant is of major economical importance, being harvested for its fibre, called manila hemp, from abaka
adobo refers to a Philippine dish or a Latin American marinade. The word entered English in 1938 and is of Spanish origin.[17]
calamondin a small evergreen citrus fruit tree, native to the Philippines, and used there for cooking and as a houseplant elsewhere, from Kapampangan kalamunding
capiz decoration material, made of mother-of-pearl shells that have the same name
cedula a Philippine tax
cooties from Tagalog and Austronesian word kuto which literally means "head lice". Entered English in 1917 from the Malay kutu.[18]
datto a Philippine tribe leader
dita
ditta		 a Philippine tree
halo-halo a dessert[19]
lauan the light yellow to reddish-brown or brown wood of any of various tropical southeast Asian trees, from Tagalog lawaan
machin a grayish brown long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis philippensis), from matsing meaning monkey or ape
panguingue 19th-century gambling card game, from pangginggi
salacot broad-brimmed hat woven from strips of cane or from palm leaves, from salakot
ube Philippine yam
yo-yo the toy, from Ilocano word yoyo[20]

Rail terminology

The following railfan terms are used in the country.

Word/phrase Definition
Ponkan A yellow-orange livery introduced by PT INKA in 2019.[21]
Wee-honk Also spelled without the hyphen, it refers to the high then low-pitched combination horns of the PNR 900 class, fitted to units DEL 902, 921 and 922.[22]

Abbreviations

Abbreviations are often punctuated in Philippine English when they are usually not, and some abbreviations are unique to Philippine usage.

Comparison with other varieties

Where British and American English vocabulary differs, in different circumstances Philippine English favors:

  • A usage which is shared with British English, as with cinema (US: movie theater); or pedestrian crossing (US: crosswalk)
  • A usage which is shared with American English, as with truck (UK: lorry); or eggplant (UK: aubergine)

British English terms not commonly used in Philippine English

British English terms not commonly used in Philippine English include:

  • Academic staff (PhE: faculty)
  • Alsatian (PhE: German shepherd)
  • Anticlockwise (PhE: counter-clockwise)
  • Articulated lorry (PhE: semi-trailer)
  • Aubergine (PhE: eggplant)
  • Bank holiday (PhE: public holiday)
  • Bespoke (PhE: custom-made)
  • Blanket bath (PhE: sponge bath)
  • Bin lorry (PhE: garbage truck)
  • Biro (PhE: ball pen)
  • Blancmange (PhE: pudding)
  • Bobby (PhE: police officer)
  • Boot (PhE: trunk [car] or shoe [football])
  • Brace (PhE: retainer)
  • Braces (PhE: suspenders)
  • Broad bean (PhE: lima bean)
  • Bum bag (PhE: fanny pack)
  • By-election (PhE: special election)
  • Cagoule (PhE: raincoat)
  • Candy floss (PhE: cotton candy)
  • Car park (PhE: parking lot)
  • Car valeting (PhE: car detailing)
  • Caretaker (PhE: janitor)
  • Cash machine (PhE: ATM)
  • Catapult (PhE: slingshot)
  • Clothes peg (PhE: clothespin)
  • Child-minder (PhE: babysitter)
  • Chips (PhE: french fries)
  • Chrimbo (PhE: Christmas)
  • Cleg (PhE: horsefly)
  • Cling film (PhE: plastic wrap or saran wrap)
  • Community payback (PhE: community service)
  • Compère (PhE: emcee)
  • Consumer durables (PhE: durable goods)
  • Cooker (PhE: stove)
  • Coriander (PhE: cilantro)
  • Cornflour (PhE: cornstarch)
  • Cotton wool (PhE: cotton ball)
  • Courgette (PhE: zucchini)
  • Crotchet (PhE: quarter note)
  • Clu-de-sac (PhE: dead end)
  • Draughts (PhE: checkers)
  • Drink-driving (PhE: drunk driving)
  • Dummy (PhE: pacifier)
  • Dungarees (PhE: overalls)
  • Dustbin (PhE: garbage bin)
  • Dustcart (PhE: garbage truck/dump truck)
  • Dustman (PhE: garbageman)
  • Dynamo (PhE: generator)
  • Elastoplast (PhE: band-aid)
  • Estate car (PhE: wagon)
  • Extension lead (PhE: extension cord)
  • Faculty (university division) (PhE: college or school)
  • Fag end (PhE: cigarette butt)
  • Fairy cake (PhE: cupcake)
  • Fire brigade (PhE: fire department)
  • Fringe (PhE: bangs)
  • Full stop (PhE: period)
  • Funfair (PhE: carnival or fair)
  • Gammon (PhE: ham)
  • Gherkin (PhE: pickle)
  • Goose pimples (PhE: goose bumps)
  • Gum (PhE: glue)
  • Hairgrip (PhE: hairpin)
  • Hoarding (PhE: billboard)
  • Hob (PhE: stovetop)
  • Holiday (PhE: vacation)
  • Holidaymaker (PhE: vacationer)
  • Hoover (v) (PhE: to vacuum)
  • Hosepipe (PhE: garden hose)
  • Ice lolly (PhE: ice drop)
  • Ironmonger (PhE: hardware)
  • Jacket potato (PhE: baked potato)
  • Juicy bits (PhE: pulp)
  • Kip (PhE: sleep)
  • Knackered (PhE: tired/worn out)
  • Ladybird (PhE: ladybug)
  • Landslip (PhE: landslide)
  • Lavatory (PhE: toilet) (lavatory used for toilets on airplanes)
  • Let (PhE: lease/rent)
  • Lido (PhE: public swimming pool)
  • Lorry (PhE: truck)
  • Loudhailer (PhE: megaphone)
  • Mackintosh (PhE: raincoat)
  • Maize (PhE: corn)
  • Maths (PhE: math)
  • Milliard (PhE: billion)
  • Minim (PhE: half note)
  • Motorway (PhE: highway or expressway)
  • Nappy (PhE: diaper)
  • Newsreader (PhE: newscaster)
  • Nick (n) (PhE: prison/jail)
  • Nosh (PhE: meal)
  • Nought (PhE: zero)
  • Off-licence (PhE: liquor store)
  • Pak choi (PhE: petsay or pitchay)
  • Pavement (PhE: sidewalk)
  • Petrol (PhE: gasoline)
  • Petrol station (PhE: gas station)
  • Pilchards (PhE: sardines)
  • Plain chocolate (PhE: dark chocolate)
  • Plain flour (PhE: all-purpose flour)
  • Polo neck (PhE: turtleneck)
  • Press-up (PhE: push-up)
  • Punchbag (PhE: punching bag)
  • Pushchair (PhE: stroller)
  • Quaver (PhE: eighth note)
  • Ring road (PhE: beltway)
  • Rubber (PhE: eraser)
  • Saloon car (PhE: sedan)
  • Semibreve (PhE: whole note)
  • Shan't (PhE: shouldn't or won't)
  • Sleeping policeman (PhE: hump)
  • Spanner (PhE: wrench)
  • Sultana (PhE: raisin)
  • Supply teacher (PhE: substitute teacher)
  • Sweets (PhE: candy)
  • Takeaway (PhE: take-out)
  • Torch (PhE: flashlight)
  • Trainers (PhE: sneakers)
  • Trousers (PhE: pants)
  • Trunk call (PhE: long-distance call)
  • Vest (PhE: undershirt)
  • Whilst (conj) (PhE: while)
  • Windcheater (PhE: windbreaker)
  • Windscreen (PhE: windshield)
  • Zip (PhE: zipper)

American English terms not commonly used in Philippine English

American English terms not commonly found in Philippine English include:

  • Acetaminophen (PhE: paracetamol)
  • Anyplace (PhE: anywhere)
  • Auto detailing (PhE: car detailing)
  • Baby carriage (PhE: stroller)
  • Back-up lights (PhE: reversing lights)
  • Ballpoint pen/Bic (PhE: ball pen)
  • Bedroom community (PhE: dormitory)
  • Blacktop (PhE: road surface or pavement)
  • Billfold (PhE: wallet)
  • Bok choy (PhE: petsay or pitchay)
  • Bureau (PhE: chest of drawers)
  • Busboy (PhE: included under waiter)
  • Cab (PhE: taxi)
  • Cafeteria (PhE: canteen)
  • Campground (PhE: campsite)
  • Casket (PhE: coffin)
  • Cellular phone (PhE: cell phone)
  • Change purse (PhE: (coin) purse)
  • Check (restaurant bill) (PhE: bill)
  • Chutes and ladders (PhE: snakes and ladders)
  • Cookie sheet (PhE: baking tray)
  • Cotton swabs (PhE: cotton buds)
  • Coach (PhE: PE teacher)
  • Coach (flight class) (PhE: economy class)
  • Cop car or Patrol car (PhE: police car)
  • Couch/davenport (PhE: sofa)
  • Coveralls (PhE: overalls)
  • Crazy bone (PhE: funny bone)
  • Derby (PhE: bowler hat)
  • Domestic vacation (PhE: staycation)
  • Drapes (PhE: curtains)
  • Druggist (PhE: pharmacist)
  • Dual highway (PhE: dual carriageway)
  • Dungarees (PhE: jeans)
  • Dweeb (PhE: nerd)
  • Emergency brake (PhE: handbrake)
  • Expiration date (PhE: expiry date)
  • First floor (PhE: ground floor)
  • Frosting (PhE: icing)
  • Guardrail (PhE: crash barrier)
  • Gyro (PhE: Turkish döner kebab)
  • Harbor seal (PhE: common seal)
  • Hard cider (PhE: cider)
  • Hatrack (PhE: hatstand)
  • Homey (PhE: homely)
  • Hope chest (PhE: bottom drawer)
  • Hot flash (PhE: hot flush)
  • Jell-o (PhE: jelly)
  • Jelly (PhE: jam)
  • Jimmies or Non-pareiles (PhE: sprinkles)
  • Laundromat (PhE: launderette)
  • Lawn (PhE: garden)
  • Life preserver (PhE: life jacket)
  • Mashed potatoes (PhE: mashed potato)
  • Monkeyshines (PhE: monkey tricks)
  • Movie theater (PhE: cinema)
  • Nightstand (PhE: bedside table)
  • Noplace (PhE: nowhere)
  • Obligated (PhE: obliged)
  • Oftentimes (PhE: often)
  • Pain reliever (PhE: painkiller)
  • Pass (a vehicle) (PhE: overtake)
  • Penitentiary (PhE: prison/jail)
  • Pollywog (PhE: tadpole)
  • Popsicle (PhE: ice drop)
  • Pound sign (PhE: hash or sharp)
  • Pull-off (PhE: lay-by)
  • Rabbit ears (PhE: TV antenna)
  • Railroad station (also train station) (PhE: railway station)
  • Rad (PhE: radical)
  • Rotary/traffic circle (PhE: roundabout or rotunda)
  • Rubber (PhE: condom)
  • Sack lunch (PhE: packed lunch)
  • Sales clerk (PhE: shop assistant)
  • Sales tax (PhE: value-added tax (VAT))
  • Scallion (PhE: spring onion)
  • Shades (window) (PhE: blinds)
  • Shoestring (PhE: shoelace)
  • Skim milk (PhE: skimmed milk)
  • Soccer (PhE: football)
  • Soda cracker (PhE: cream cracker)
  • Soda (pop) (PhE: soft drink)
  • Someplace (PhE: somewhere)
  • Speed bump (PhE: hump)
  • Station wagon (PhE: wagon)
  • Stick shift (PhE: manual)
  • Stop signals/traffic signals (PhE: stoplight/traffic light)
  • Tailpipe (PhE: exhaust pipe)
  • Toll call (PhE: long-distance call)
  • Tuition (PhE: tuition fee)
  • Wading pool (PhE: paddling pool)
  • Wapiti (PhE: elk)
  • Yard (PhE: garden)

Idioms

There are instances where Philippine English idioms are borrowed from British English as opposed to American English or American English as opposed to British English such as:

  • A drop in the ocean (as with UK usage) as opposed to US a drop in the bucket
  • Home away from home (as with US usage) as opposed to UK home from home
  • Take with a pinch of salt (as with UK usage) as opposed to US take with a grain of salt
  • Knock on wood (as with US usage) as opposed to UK touch wood
  • Wouldn't touch with a ten-foot pole (as with US usage) as opposed to UK wouldn't touch with a barge pole
  • Slowpoke (as with US usage) as opposed to UK slowcoach

There are also instances where British idioms are prominently used in Philippine English such as: actions speak louder than words, an arm and a leg, barking up the wrong tree, beat around the bush, don't cry over spilt milk, it takes two to tango, kill two birds with one stone and steal someone's thunder.

There are also instances where American idioms are prominently used in Philippine English such as: before you know it, call it a day, down in the dumps, get the hang of it, hang in there, so far so good, two peas in a pod and under the weather.

References

  1. ^ "BBC NEWS – Asia-Pacific – Beijing 'brown-out' to save power". bbc.co.uk.
  2. ^ Baxendale, Rachel (January 26, 2019). "Heatwave: AEMO hits go on emergency energy supply measures as Victoria swelters". The Australian. Retrieved January 30, 2019.
  3. ^ Jeannette Andrade (August 28, 2007). "Hazing eyed in death of graduating UP student". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved September 3, 2008. Doris Dumlao (August 17, 2008). "Mutual funds for P1,000 a month". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved September 3, 2008. Michael Lim Ubac (April 24, 2008). "Suspected smugglers, Customs, LTO officials charged". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved September 3, 2008.
  4. ^ Andrew Gonzalez (1998). "The Language Planning Situation in the Philippines" (PDF). Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. 19 (5, 6): 487–525. doi:10.1080/01434639808666365. Retrieved March 24, 2007.
  5. ^ "Where Can I Buy Spandrel in the Philippines?". Retrieved September 1, 2021.
  6. ^ Fajardo, K. B. (January 1, 2008). "TRANSPORTATION: Translating Filipino and Filipino American Tomboy Masculinities through Global Migration and Seafaring". GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies. 14 (2–3): 403–424. doi:10.1215/10642684-2007-039. ISSN 1064-2684. S2CID 142268960.
  7. ^ Overseas Pinoy Cooking.Net accessed November 6, 2010
  8. ^ a b Roger B. Rueda. "Philippine English (I)". The News Today :: Online Iloilo News and Panay News. Retrieved March 17, 2011.
  9. ^ "Glossary of Army Slang". American Speech. 16 (3). Duke University Press: 163–169. October 1941. doi:10.2307/486883. ISSN 0003-1283. JSTOR 486883.
  10. ^ "Philippine English". MSN Encarta Dictionary. Archived from the original on January 15, 2011. Retrieved March 13, 2011.
  11. ^ Esguerra, Darryl (March 12, 2020). "Metro Manila placed under 'community quarantine' due to COVID-19". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
  12. ^ Borlongan, Ariane Macalinga (2007). "Innovations in Standard Philippine English". Current Research on English and Applied Linguistics.
  13. ^ V.I.S. de Veyra's poem "Requiem Para Kay Ophie"
  14. ^ a b Echeminada, Perseus (April 20, 2017). "Convicts now called 'persons deprived of liberty'". Retrieved July 29, 2020.
  15. ^ "Unli Call & Text 25 – Smart Communications". smart.com.ph.
  16. ^ "Navy guide to Cavite and Manila : ... a practical guide and beautiful souvenir". 1908. Retrieved January 9, 2022. {{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)
  17. ^ "adobo". merriam-webster.com. Retrieved June 30, 2021.
  18. ^ "cootie". merriam-webster.com. Retrieved June 30, 2021.
  19. ^ Alberto-Masakayan, Thea (June 25, 2016). "Halo-halo, atbp: Filipino words make it to Oxford Dictionary". ABS-CBNnews.com. Retrieved June 30, 2021.
  20. ^ "yo–yo". Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster's Learner's Dictionary. Retrieved June 30, 2021. Origin and Etymology of yo–yo probably from Ilocano yóyo, or a cognate word in a language of the Philippines, First Known Use: 1915
  21. ^ DEL 902 Ponkan. July 18, 2021. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
  22. ^ Wee-Honk! PNR DEL 921 Departs in Blumentritt Station (16:9 1080p) (YouTube). December 30, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2021.
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