Shanxi cuisine

Shanxi cuisine
Chinese	山西菜
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Shānxī cài
Jin cuisine
Traditional Chinese	晉菜
Simplified Chinese	晋菜
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Jìn cài

Shanxi cuisine, or Jin cuisine, is derived from the native cooking styles of Shanxi Province in China. It is famous for noodles, fried flatbread (da bing) and sour tastes. The cuisine is also famed for using its locally produced vinegar, just like in Huaiyang cuisine, but the flavour is totally different.

Generally speaking, Shanxi cuisine is not well known to people outside the region. This is partially because Shanxi is less populated than other provinces in China. Being a very traditional region where the lifestyle of locals has not been disturbed, many outsiders find Shanxi cuisine too authentic and traditional.

While pork and chicken are common in Shanxi, one of the most popular meat sources is lamb. Goat, and sheep offal is also often used. For example, lamb soup is usually cooked with livers, stomach and other offal. As a traditional area with strong cultural connections to Northwest Asian nomadic nations and minorities, the use of lamb in Shanxi cuisine presents a unique fusion of the culinary traditions of Northern Chinese minorities and Han Chinese. For example, using ground lamb and carrots as a dumpling filling, is something that is not found in any other Chinese cooking styles. Ground pork with chopped dill is another popular dumpling filling.

The main staples reflect the crops commonly grown in Shanxi: millet, sorghum, and wheat. Pork, mushrooms, potatoes and turnips are frequently used in dishes.

Styles

Shanxi cuisine comprises three styles:

• Northern Shanxi style: Represented by dishes from Datong and Mount Wutai, with emphasis on colour and oil.
• Southern Shanxi style: Represented by dishes from Linfen and the Grand Canal regions, specialising in seafood, despite the fact that Shanxi is a landlocked province.
• Central Shanxi style: Represented by dishes from Taiyuan, which presents a mainstream cooking style compared to both the northern and southern regions of the province. Before the 1970s, as local cuisine and professional cooking had not been influenced by Cantonese and Sichuan styles, Taiyuan cuisine contained a number of noodle dishes, Chinese Muslim dishes, local hot pot dishes, and meat dishes using fresh water seafood and lamb. The region is especially famous for its knife-shaven noodles (dao xiao mian).
• In the Southern Shanxi, seafood is preferred, and the taste is light.
• In the Northern Shanxi, more oil and seasoning are important.
• In Central Shanxi, is the combination of southern and northern flavors, with fine selection of ingredients and a salty taste.

Shanxi Noodles

• Braised String Bean with Noodles (Menmian) 焖面

The area north of Jinzhong, including the area to the north, is called stewed noodles. By stewing the noodles and stir-frying them with the vegetables you want to eat.

• Shanxi Chow Mien （炒面/炒揪片)

Pull the noodles out piece by piece and boil them in a pot. Soy sauce, vinegar, sesame oil, salt, and some chopped green onions can put in the pot. Then stir-fry them with vegetables.

• Shanxi Knife-Cut Noodles（ 山西刀削面)

Traditionally, the noodles are held in one hand while the knife is held in the other hand and peeled directly until the water boils. The noodles are cooked in one piece. Shanxi knife cutting noodles have a variety of ways to eat. There are tomato sauce, meat fried sauce, lamb soup, and many other toppings.

• Shanxi Cats' ear （山西猫耳朵）

Put the dough on the panel and press it forward with your fingers to form a small cat's ear, then pour the sauce on it after cooking, or stir-fry it with vegetable after cooking.

• Shanxi Kao Lao Lao( 山西栲栳栳）

This traditional noodle dish is famous in the alpine region of Shanxi, and is called "laolao" because it is shaped like a "fence bucket". It is made with oat noodles and there is a meat topping.

• Shanxi Oil Cake( 山西油糕）

Shanxi oil cake, also known as fried cake, rice cake,  is one of the most representative local flavor snacks in the area of Jin, Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia.

• Shanxi Shumai （百花稍梅）

Shanxi Shumai( 百花稍梅）

The name is taken from the top of the fluffy art of folding like the shape of the flower.

The shumai is made on the steamer, similar to the small dumplings, but the shape is more beautiful than the small dumplings. The taste is also more characteristic than the small dumplings.

• Shanxi Steamed bread Mantou (山西馒头）

In Shanxi, people call steamed bread is Mo.There are many colorful patterns and designs of Mo. Therefore, many people also call Mo is Huamo because Hua represents colorful flowers.

Shanxi mature vinegar

Shanxi mature vinegar, also called Shanxi lao chencu (山西老陈醋; 山西老陳醋; Shānxī lǎo chén cù) in Chinese, is a special type of vinegar produced in Shanxi Province. Based on the techniques used to prepare the vinegar, it should be more accurately called "aged Shanxi vinegar" or "extra aged vinegar".

Shanxi old vinegar is one of the four famous vinegars in China, which has a history of more than 3,000 years and has the reputation of "the best vinegar in the world". The longer the vinegar is stored, the more fragrant and tasty it is. It also contains many vitamins, which can inhibit blood sugar and blood fat. It's called Old Chen vinegar because it was born thousands of years ago and has been inherited until today while maintaining the basic technology and with the continuous improvement of brewing technology. Shanxi old vinegar can be kept for 9-12 months in general, and some better vinegars can be kept for at least 3-10 years. Some of the methods used in brewing the vinegar have been considered intellectual properties and are under the protection of Chinese laws.

black mature vinegar

It is a famous product of the region, and is produced primarily in Qingxu County, a vicinity of the provincial capital of Taiyuan. The Shanxi Vinegar Culture Museum has been built there. Local Taiyuan residents, especially those who have lived there for generations, prefer Donghu Mature Vinegar (东湖老陈醋; 東湖老陳醋; donghu) produced by Shanxi Mature Vinegar Group, which is the largest mature vinegar manufacturer in China. There is also Ninghuafu Yiyuanqing (宁化府益源庆; 寧化府益源慶; Nínghuàfǔ Yìyuánqìng), a brand of vinegar produced by the Yiyuanqing Company in the old downtown area of Taiyuan.

In the United States, some Asian grocery stores sell Shanxi mature vinegar. The common suppliers are Shanxi Mature Vinegar Group, a China Time-Honored Brand company since 1368, and Shuita Brand (水塔牌; Shuǐtǎ pái), a brewing company located in Qingxu County.

Shanxi Braised String Beans with noodles

Notable dishes

English	Traditional Chinese	Simplified Chinese	Pinyin	Image	Notes
Cat's ear	貓耳朵	猫耳朵	māo ěrduō		Noodles shaped like a cat's ears. Similar to orecchiette.
Youmian kaolaolao	莜面栲栳栳	莜面栲栳栳	Yóu miàn kàolaolao		Oat flour rolls shaped like biscuit rolls
Fu Shan mutton soup	傅山頭腦	傅山头脑	Fù Shān tóunǎo		A soup made from lamb, rice wine, yam and other spices. Despite its name, it has nothing to do with brains. It is named after Fu Shan (傅山; 1607–1684), a scholar and artist from Taiyuan. It is traditionally enjoyed during winter and is said to be nutritious.
Datong knife-shaved noodles	大同刀削麵	大同刀削面	Dàtóng dāo xiāo miàn		Willow-leaf-shaped noodle made by sharp sheet iron.
Liangpi	涼皮	凉皮	liáng pí		Cold rice noodle with spicy chili oil. Also called 面皮 (miàn pí), which is made translucent by washing out the gluten prior to cooking.
Minbagu	抿八股	抿八股	mǐn bā gǔ
Pingyao beef	平遙牛肉	平遥牛肉	Píngyáo niúròu		Beef specially produced in Pingyao County
Shanxi crispy duck	山西香酥鴨	山西香酥鸭	Shānxī xiāng sū yā		The duck is steamed first and then pan-fried. This creates a crispy and rich taste without making the duck meat too greasy.
Soy cheese steamed pork					Pork is stir-fried first, then steamed in a big bowl together with red salty soy cheese curd (similar to the one used in Beijing cuisine), ginger and garlic. When done, the pork has a creamy, soft, lightly sweet and richly savoury taste from the soy cheese and pork fat. The pork is thinly sliced and served with fresh herbs.
Sweet and sour meatballs	糖醋丸子	糖醋丸子	táng cù wánzǐ
Taigu cake	太谷餅	太谷饼	Tàigǔ bǐng		A type of pastry from Taigu County
Huamo	花饃	花馍	huāmó		A type of decorated, specially shaped mantou.
Braised String Bean with noodles (menmian)	燜面	焖面			The area north of Jinzhong, including the area to the north, is called stewed noodles. By stewing the noodles and stir-frying them with the vegetables you want to eat.
Shanxi Chow Mein	炒麵	炒面（炒揪片）			Pull the noodles into slices and then stir-fry them with vegetables.
Shanxi Oil Tea	油茶	油茶			Shanxi oil tea includes flour, walnuts, peanuts, Xinjiang padamones, cooked sesame seeds, and olive oil. It is a traditional snack in Jinzhong, Shanxi.
Liulin Wantuan	柳林碗團	柳林碗团			Liulin Wantuan is made of buckwheat noodles, steamed in a small bowl and then seasoned with garlic, chili and vinegar as the main ingredients.

Liulin Wantuan