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Co-living

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A shared kitchen in student accommodation at the University of Exeter in England

Co-living is a residential community living model that accommodates three or more biologically unrelated people living in the same dwelling unit.[1] Generally co-living is a type of intentional community that provides shared housing for people with similar values or intentions.[2] The co-living experience may simply include group discussions in common areas or weekly meals, although will oftentimes extend to shared workspace and collective endeavors such as living more sustainably. An increasing number of people across the world are turning to co-living in order to unlock the same benefits as other communal living models (such as communes or cohousing), including "comfort, affordability, and a greater sense of social belonging."

Co-living as a modern concept traces its origins to shared living models of the 19th and 20th centuries such as tenements in the UK, boarding houses in the US, and chawls in western India, yet ancient forms of communal living such as the longhouse date back thousands of years. Its contemporary form has gained prominence in recent years due to a combination of factors including increased urbanization rates, a lack of affordable housing options, greater rates of disability requiring group home or assisted living arrangements, and a growing interest in lifestyles not dependent upon long-term contracts.

Benefits

Sustainability

Co-living can enable a more sustainable lifestyle due to shared resources, allowing each individual to consume less energy, water, and space.[3] With more communal areas, less energy is spent on heating and cooling.[4]

Community

The vast majority of co-living companies around the world claim that community is the number one benefit they provide their residents. Co-living companies promise their residents a thoughtful, community-driven living experience that will lead to meaningful relationships. One of the trends that has increased the demand for the community is the loneliness epidemic that has been identified by researchers in countries around the world.[5] Studies have shown that "loneliness is just as lethal as smoking 15 cigarettes per day" and "lonely people are 50% more likely to die prematurely than those with healthy social relationships."[6][7]

Studies show that daily social interactions, such as those common in co-living communities, can actually "improve health and increase longevity."[8] Early evidence from co-living operators highlights the benefit of community. Venn, an Israeli co-living operator with locations in Israel, Germany, and the US, found that "loneliness levels drop by 50% just 6 months after joining Venn" and "100% of members feel they are socially supported."[9]

Convenience

The convenience benefit of co-living comes namely from flexible lease terms and a customer-centric business model. Instead of only offering twelve-month leases, many co-living operators offer shorter lease terms of three or six months that better suit the dynamic lifestyles of their tenants. In fact, an increasing number of co-living locations are starting to offer month-by-month rental agreements as well as the option to not pay a traditional deposit. As a differentiation strategy, co-living operators also aim to remove the many frictions of the traditional living experience such as buying and moving furniture, finding roommates, or paying separate utility bills. By providing fully furnished rooms, offering roommate matching, and including utilities in a single rent price, co-living operators create a convenient living experience "so all you need to do upon arrival is unpack your suitcase."[10]

Cost savings

Another potential benefit of co-living is relatively affordable rent when compared to traditional living environments in the same area. Co-living operators decrease costs for their residents in two main ways. First, many co-living operators bundle their product offering to include a variety of services for one, all-inclusive price. Instead of paying separate bills for utilities, furniture, wifi, gym access, cleaning services, and amenities (such as paper towels, linens, or coffee), co-living residents pay one bill each month that comes at a discount compared to paying for all the services individually. Second, many co-living operators utilize higher density spatial design models to decrease the amount of rent paid by each resident. By operating four or six-bedroom units instead of studios or two-bedroom units, "the rent per square foot of a co-living unit will be much higher than that of a traditional multifamily unit."[11]

Types

All modern co-living concepts are in one way or another a form of communal living, yet people from across the world have developed different types of co-living.[12] Co-living communities can vary on a wide variety of characteristics including length of stay, building type, community size, and resident demographics. For example, many urban co-living spaces have upwards of 100 residents, cater their offering to young professionals, and only offer leases longer than six months. Rural co-living spaces may exist in a five-bedroom house, are popular amongst digital nomads, and allow residents to rent on a month-to-month basis.

Cost conscious

The cost-conscious category of co-living is oriented towards cost-conscious residents that are oftentimes priced out of large cities. With home prices outpacing wage growth in 80% of U.S. markets, an increasing number of people are looking for affordable living options within large urban areas.[13] Many co-living operators have seized the opportunity to provide a relatively more affordable living experience centered around community. Operators such as Haven co-living in Los Angeles, Outpost-Club in New York, or The Student Hotel in Europe have a shared room offering (along with single rooms) where two to four residents will stay in the same room. Due to the increase in density, potential residents can expect to pay far less than renting a studio in the same city.

Physically

Co-living is similar to single room occupancy as it offers residents an individual space in a shared property. Some have a private room with an ensuite bathroom; however, shared bathrooms are not uncommon and at lower prices, spaces have dormitories in the same manner as a hostel[citation needed]. Spaces may simultaneously offer many of these types of individual space thus providing for multiple budgets and types of residents.

The defining characteristic is that all co-living spaces offer at least a shared kitchen and living room in the same manner as in a flatshare, yet usually larger and better furnished as co-living spaces focus more on the shared facilities than the individual space.

Some may have a separate workspace whether simply offering desks for online work, or tailored more to their specific residents, such as studios for painting or woodworking. More elaborate and larger spaces may also have cafes, gyms, cinemas, and other amenities.[14]

Philosophically

An aspect of intentional communities that is found, especially in smaller independent co-living spaces, is that of shared values, interests, or purpose in life amongst its residents.[15] Such houses often curate their residents to match these values, so that strong bonds and affinities are built which works to resolve the social isolation often found in entirely independent housing units.

History

Sometime between 1933 and 1934, shared living space was designed in north London called 'Isokon', which was established by Wells Coats. It offered similar amenities, such as a shared communal space, workspace, and things such as a laundry area.[14] It was seen as a part of a greater effort during the intra-war period between World War I and World War II by the Modern Architectural Research Group (MARS) to advance modernist discourse in Britain.[14] Another effort to do this idea was in 1937 by Maxwell Fry (a founding member of MARS) and Elizabeth Denby and was called Kensal House.[14]

Co-living spaces began to emerge in part due to rising property prices.[16] Attempts to establish co-living businesses were made in 2014 and 2015 by companies including 13 and Techsquat, but the attempts failed. Later more successful efforts were made to establish co-living businesses.[17] Relaxations on the minimal rental period for private homes were made in June 2018 from six months to three resulted in a boost for the industry.[17] Cities such as New York City have created incentives for co-living companies to build affordable housing in the city.[18]

Usage

Co-living appeals particularly to millennials due to rising property prices.[16] Residents of co-living spaces typically range between the ages of 19 and 40 years. They are typically employees of startups, entrepreneurs, or students.[17] A survey conducted in various cities in India found that approximately 72% of millennials were willing to consider a co-living space. It also found that 55% of 18–23 year olds were willing to spend R10,000–15,000 per month.[19] Part of the appeal to millennials is due also to a relative reluctance to marry and/or start a family due to cost.[16][citation needed] High student loan costs are also a factor.[20] From 2005 to 2015, there was a 39% increase for millennials living with housemates.[21] The rise in co-living and similar housing was also impacted by the financial crisis of 2007–2008.[20] co-living is particularly popular in cities and urban spaces where housing is costly and limited, providing a more affordable and amenity-based alternative to individual apartments.[22] Guests from the same or similar industry tend to be matched together.[17][14]

Impact

Co-living has grown in popularity in cities such as New York City and London.[23] A Bloomberg article cited "adult dorms" such as co-living facilities as one of the "eight social trends told us about America's economy in 2018."[24] Author Alexandria Lafci speculated in 2018 that co-living could become ubiquitous in the same way coworking is. She cited both the expectation of 2.5 billion people living in cities by 2050 and 90% of people living on 10% of our land's surface.[25] Hotelier Ian Schrager claimed that co-living spaces were "blurring the distinction between residential and hotels" due in part to differing sensibilities between millennials and previous generations.[26] Author Polly Chu proposed co-living as a potential solution for Hong Kong's housing issues. She said that it could both be done with cross-generational housing – i.e., retrofitting a retirement home to accommodate younger people living with elderly family members – or standard housemates.[27]

Author Matthew Stewart was critical of a specific co-living corporation for "the price, exclusivity, substandard size of bedrooms and cynical view of community." He was also critical of the idea of co-living as a new idea, when he claims that it is a modern, commodified take on a form of living that had a "radical social intent."

Cohousing

Co-living can be considered related to cohousing as the concepts appear to overlap. Both co-living and cohousing have shared areas that benefit all, such as spaces for events or communal meals. Cohousing provides self-contained private dwellings (often houses but sometimes apartments), often owned by the resident, but sometimes rented. Co-living on the other hand has independent units within the same building (apartments or rooms), which are often rented. However none of these are exclusive, thus the potential overlaps.[15] The key distinction is that cohousing embeds collective resident control and stewardship into its legal form and decision making[28] whereas coliving is typically owned and run by external investors or operators, although the owner sometimes also lives in the co-living space.

References

  1. ^ Tummers, Lidewij (August 2016). "The re-emergence of self-managed co-housing in Europe: A critical review of co-housing research". Urban Studies. 53 (10): 2023–2040. doi:10.1177/0042098015586696. ISSN 0042-0980. S2CID 153712745.
  2. ^ Alfirević Đorđe, Simonović Alfirević Sanјa. Significance of Territoriality in Spatial Organization of Co-living Communities, Arhitektura i urbanizam 50, pp. 7-19. https://scindeks.ceon.rs/article.aspx?artid=0354-60552050007A
  3. ^ Ataman, C; Dino, I Gursel (2019-07-01). "Collective Residential Spaces in Sustainability Development: Turkish Housing Units within Co-Living Understanding". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 296 (1): 012049. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/296/1/012049. hdl:11511/48632. ISSN 1755-1307.
  4. ^ "Emissions Gap Report 2022". UNEP - UN Environment Programme. 2022-10-21. Retrieved 2023-06-17.
  5. ^ Howe, Neil. "Millennials And The Loneliness Epidemic". Forbes. Retrieved 2020-11-03.
  6. ^ Morin, Amy (2018-06-18). "Loneliness Is as Lethal As Smoking 15 Cigarettes Per Day. Here's What You Can Do About It". Inc.com. Retrieved 2020-11-03.
  7. ^ Holt-Lunstad, Julianne; Smith, Timothy B.; Layton, J. Bradley (2010-07-27). "Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review". PLOS Medicine. 7 (7): e1000316. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316. ISSN 1549-1676. PMC 2910600. PMID 20668659.
  8. ^ Publishing, Harvard Health. "The health benefits of strong relationships". Harvard Health. Retrieved 2020-11-03.
  9. ^ "Venn Impact Report 2019". Venn City. Retrieved 2020-11-03.
  10. ^ "All Inclusive Coliving - NY, CA, PA, MA". Ollie. Retrieved 2020-11-03.
  11. ^ Manji, Aaron, and Sam Pepper. "Co-Living as an Emerging Market: An Assessment of Co-Living's Long-Term Resiliency." Massachusetts Institute of Technology, September 2019, https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/123605/1135867129-MIT.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y
  12. ^ Scapinelli, Virginia (2018-10-24). "Stonup - Stonup au Coliving Summit". Stonup (in French). Retrieved 2020-11-03.
  13. ^ "Home prices are rising faster than wages in 80% of U.S. markets". HousingWire. 2019-01-10. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  14. ^ a b c d e Stewart, Matthew (December 2, 2016). "The Collective is Not a New Way of Living – It's an Old One, Commodified". Failed Architecture. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
  15. ^ a b "Tiny Rooms, Shared Kitchens: Co-Living on the Rise in Big Cities". Wsj.com. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
  16. ^ a b c Hemnani, Rohit (December 15, 2018). "New real estate sectors reflect changing lifestyles in Asia". Business Times. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
  17. ^ a b c d Ramchadani, Nisha (December 15, 2018). "All together now: The growing co-living scene in Singapore". Business Times. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
  18. ^ Chen, Stefanos (November 1, 2018). "Co-Living Goes Affordable". The New York Times. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
  19. ^ Sharma, Ankit (December 27, 2018). "Over 70% millennial willing to consider co-living spaces in top cities: Survey". The Economic Times. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
  20. ^ a b Volpe, Allie (August 13, 2018). "The Strange, Unique Intimacy of the Roommate Relationship". The Atlantic. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
  21. ^ McDannell, Christine (January 2, 2019). "The Generation Y and Millennial Response to Coliving". KNDRD. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
  22. ^ "To Keep Rents Down, Some In Big Cities Turn To 'Co-Living'". Npr.org. Retrieved 2018-12-27.
  23. ^ "Technologies predicted to be huge in 2019". nine.com.au. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
  24. ^ "What eight social trends told us about America's economy in 2018". Bloomberg. December 30, 2018. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
  25. ^ Lafci, Alexandria (October 17, 2018). "We'll soon co-live in apartments in much the same way we co-work". Quartz. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
  26. ^ "Hotel Icon Ian Schrager Thinks Communal Living Is the Future". National Real Estate Investor. December 3, 2018. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
  27. ^ Chu, Polly (November 9, 2018). "How co-living for old and young could ease Hong Kong's housing crisis and create a more caring community". South China Morning Post. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
  28. ^ "About Cohousing". www.cohousing.org.uk. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
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