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Apache License

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Apache License
The Apache Software Foundation logo
The Apache Software Foundation logo
AuthorApache Software Foundation
Latest version2.0
PublisherApache Software Foundation
PublishedJanuary 2004
Debian FSG compatibleYes[1]
FSF approvedYes[2]
OSI approvedYes[3]
GPL compatibleOnly version 2.0 is compatible with only GPLv3.[2][4]
CopyleftNo
Linking from code with a different licenceYes
Websitewww.apache.org/licenses

The Apache License is a permissive free software license written by the Apache Software Foundation (ASF).[6] It allows users to use the software for any purpose, to distribute it, to modify it, and to distribute modified versions of the software under the terms of the license, without concern for royalties. The ASF and its projects release their software products under the Apache License. The license is also used by many non-ASF projects.

History

Beginning in 1995, the Apache Group (later the Apache Software Foundation) released successive versions of their well-known httpd server. Their initial license was essentially the same as the old 4-clause BSD license, with only the names of the organizations changed. It has an extra term that extends from BSD clause 4, saying that derivatives must not bear the same Apache name.

In July 1999, Berkeley accepted the argument put to it by the Free Software Foundation and retired their advertising clause (clause 3) to form the new 3-clause BSD license. In 2000, Apache did likewise and created the Apache License 1.1, in which derived products are no longer required to include attribution in their advertising materials, only in their documentation. Individual packages licensed under the 1.1 version may have used different wording due to varying requirements for attribution or mark identification, but the binding terms were all the same.

In January 2004, ASF decided to depart from the BSD model and produced the Apache License 2.0. The stated goals of the license included making it easier for non-ASF projects to use, improving compatibility with GPL-based software, allowing the license to be included by reference instead of listed in every file, clarifying the license on contributions, and requiring a patent license on contributions that necessarily infringe a contributor's own patents.[7] This license requires preservation of the copyright notice and disclaimer.

Licensing conditions

The Apache License is permissive; unlike the so-called copyleft licenses, it does not require a derivative work of the software, or modifications to the original, to be distributed using the same license. It still requires application of the same license to all unmodified parts. In every licensed file, original copyright, patent, trademark, and attribution notices must be preserved (excluding notices that do not pertain to any part of the derivative works.) In every licensed file changed, a notification must be added stating that changes have been made to that file.

If a NOTICE text file is included as part of the distribution of the original work, then derivative works must include a readable copy of these notices within a NOTICE text file distributed as part of the derivative works, within the source form or documentation, or within a display generated by the derivative works (wherever such third-party notices normally appear).

The contents of the NOTICE file do not modify the license, as they are for informational purposes only, and adding more attribution notices as addenda to the NOTICE text is permissible, provided that these notices cannot be understood as modifying the license. Modifications may have appropriate copyright notices, and may provide different license terms for the modifications.

Unless explicitly stated otherwise, any contributions submitted by a licensee to a licensor will be under the terms of the license without any terms and conditions, but this does not preclude any separate agreements with the licensor regarding these contributions.

The Apache License 2.0 makes sure that the user does not have to worry about infringing any patents by using the software. The user is granted a license to any patent that covers the software. This license is terminated if the user sues anyone over patent infringement related to this software. This condition is added in order to prevent patent litigations.

Compatibility

The Apache Software Foundation and the Free Software Foundation agree that the Apache License 2.0 is a free software license, compatible with the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 3,[8] meaning that code under GPLv3 and Apache License 2.0 can be combined, as long as the resulting software is licensed under the GPLv3.[9]

The Free Software Foundation considers all versions of the Apache License to be incompatible with the previous GPL versions 1 and 2.[4] Furthermore, it considers Apache License versions before 2.0 incompatible with GPLv3. Because of version 2.0's patent license requirements, the Free Software Foundation recommends it over other non-copyleft licenses.[10][4]

Reception and adoption

In October 2012, 8,708 projects located at SourceForge.net were available under the terms of the Apache License.[11] In a blog post from May 2008, Google mentioned that over 25% of the nearly 100,000 projects then hosted on Google Code were using the Apache License,[12] including the Android operating system.[13]

As of 2015, according to Black Duck Software[14] and GitHub,[15] the Apache license is the third most popular license in the FOSS domain after MIT license and GPLv2.

The OpenBSD project does not consider the Apache License 2.0 to be an acceptable free license because of its patent provisions. The OpenBSD policy argues that when the license forces one to give up a legal right that one otherwise has, that license is no longer free.[16]

See also

References

  1. ^ "The Apache Software License (ASL)". The Big DFSG-compatible Licenses. Debian Project. Retrieved 6 July 2009.
  2. ^ a b "Apache License, Version 2.0". Various Licenses and Comments about Them. Free Software Foundation. Archived from the original on 16 July 2009. Retrieved 6 July 2009.
  3. ^ "OSI-approved licenses by name". Open Source Initiative. Archived from the original on 28 April 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2011.
  4. ^ a b c "Various Licenses and Comments about Them". gnu.org. Free Software Foundation. 22 August 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  5. ^ "Copyfree Licenses". Retrieved 16 November 2011.
  6. ^ New Media Rights (12 September 2008). "Open Source Licensing Guide". California Western School of Law. Retrieved 28 November 2015. The 'BSD-like' licenses such as the BSD, MIT, and Apache licenses are extremely permissive, requiring little more than attributing the original portions of the licensed code to the original developers in your own code and/or documentation.
  7. ^ "Apache License, Version 2.0". Apache Software Foundation. Retrieved 15 July 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. ^ "Various Licenses and Comments about Them". Free Software Foundation. 14 January 2008. Archived from the original on 18 January 2008. Retrieved 30 January 2008.
  9. ^ Apache Software Foundation. "Apache License v2.0 and GPL Compatibility". Archived from the original on 15 January 2008. Retrieved 30 January 2008.
  10. ^ "How to choose a license for your own work". gnu.org. Free Software Foundation. 15 December 2018. Retrieved 25 August 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  11. ^ "Projects at SourceForge under Apache License". Retrieved 28 October 2012.
  12. ^ Stein, Greg (28 May 2008). "Standing Against License Proliferation". Google Open Source Blog.
  13. ^ "Licenses". Android Open Source Project. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
  14. ^ "Top 20 licenses". Black Duck Software. 19 November 2015. Archived from the original on 19 July 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  15. ^ Balter, Ben (9 March 2015). "Open source license usage on GitHub.com". GitHub.
  16. ^ "OpenBSD copyright policy". openbsd.org. OpenBSD Foundation. 28 May 2019.
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