1956 United States presidential election in Florida
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 County Results
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| Elections in Florida |
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 Government |
The 1956 United States presidential election in Florida was held on November 6, 1956, as part of the concurrent United States presidential election. Florida voters chose ten electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
Background
Excepting the 1928 election when fierce anti-Catholicism and Prohibitionism caused Herbert Hoover to defeat the wet Catholic Al Smith,[2] Florida since the end of Reconstruction had been a classic Southern one-party state dominated by the Democratic Party. Disfranchisement of African-Americans and many poor whites had virtually eliminated the Republican Party – only nine Republicans were ever elected to the state legislature between 1890 and 1950 – while Democratic primaries were the sole competitive elections.
Under the influence of Senator Claude Pepper, Florida abolished the poll tax in 1937, leading to steady increases in voter turnout during the following several elections;[3] however, there was no marked increase in African-American voting and Democratic hegemony remained unchallenged: FDR did not lose a single county in the state during his four elections.[4]
However, the following two elections would see a rapid trend away from Democratic hegemony towards Republican dominance in newer, more liberal South Florida. The regions shifting rapidly towards the GOP in these two elections lacked a history of slave-based plantation farming,[5] and saw Eisenhower as more favourable to business than the Democratic Party.[6] They also had seen a very large inflow of elderly migrants from the Northern states who were attracted by Florida's hot climate. Consequently, Eisenhower was able to carry the Sunshine State by a double-digit margin in 1952, in spite of losing badly in the "Hoovercrat" pineywoods and Black Belt of the Panhandle.[6]
Vote
The 1956 election saw, in general, little change from trends established during the previous two elections, with the most significant exception being a marked (though temporary) trend towards Eisenhower amongst the small but increasing number of Negro voters in the state.[7] Eisenhower, aided further by increased Northerner migration, won against his rematch opponent Adlai Stevenson II by 163,474 votes or 14.54%.[8]
Results
| Presidential candidate | Party | Home state | Popular vote | Electoral vote |
Running mate | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | Percentage | Vice-presidential candidate | Home state | Electoral vote | ||||
| Dwight D. Eisenhower | Republican | Pennsylvania | 643,849 | 57.19% | 10 | Richard Nixon | California | 10 |
| Adlai Stevenson II | Democratic | Illinois | 480,371 | 42.67% | 0 | Estes Kefauver | Tennessee | 0 |
| Various candidates | Write-ins[b] | — | 1,542 | 0.14% | 0 | — | — | 0 |
| Total | 1,125,762 | 100% | 10 | 10 | ||||
| Needed to win | 270 | 270 | ||||||
Results by county
| County | Dwight David Eisenhower Republican |
Adlai Stevenson II Democratic |
Various candidates Write-ins |
Margin | Total votes cast[9] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
| Alachua | 7,939 | 53.48% | 6,889 | 46.40% | 18 | 0.12% | 1,050 | 7.07% | 14,846 |
| Baker | 366 | 20.21% | 1,443 | 79.68% | 2 | 0.11% | -1,077 | -59.47% | 1,811 |
| Bay | 4,971 | 36.41% | 8,645 | 63.32% | 37 | 0.27% | -3,674 | -26.91% | 13,653 |
| Bradford | 1,203 | 33.98% | 2,328 | 65.76% | 9 | 0.25% | -1,125 | -31.78% | 3,540 |
| Brevard | 10,004 | 71.81% | 3,928 | 28.19% | 6,076 | 43.61% | 13,932 | ||
| Broward | 43,552 | 72.24% | 16,561 | 27.47% | 176 | 0.29% | 26,991 | 44.77% | 60,289 |
| Calhoun | 554 | 24.57% | 1,701 | 75.43% | -1,147 | -50.86% | 2,255 | ||
| Charlotte | 1,589 | 63.11% | 929 | 36.89% | 660 | 26.21% | 2,518 | ||
| Citrus | 1,570 | 50.37% | 1,527 | 48.99% | 20 | 0.64% | 43 | 1.38% | 3,117 |
| Clay | 2,372 | 53.67% | 2,048 | 46.33% | 324 | 7.33% | 4,420 | ||
| Collier | 1,934 | 59.73% | 1,304 | 40.27% | 630 | 19.46% | 3,238 | ||
| Columbia | 1,841 | 36.13% | 3,246 | 63.71% | 8 | 0.16% | -1,405 | -27.58% | 5,095 |
| Dade | 130,938 | 55.36% | 105,559 | 44.63% | 25 | 0.01% | 25,379 | 10.73% | 236,522 |
| De Soto | 1,234 | 48.41% | 1,315 | 51.59% | -81 | -3.18% | 2,549 | ||
| Dixie | 370 | 28.95% | 904 | 70.74% | 4 | 0.31% | -534 | -41.78% | 1,278 |
| Duval | 53,481 | 50.09% | 53,127 | 49.76% | 164 | 0.15% | 354 | 0.33% | 106,772 |
| Escambia | 13,227 | 37.20% | 22,320 | 62.77% | 11 | 0.03% | -9,093 | -25.57% | 35,558 |
| Flagler | 498 | 41.36% | 690 | 57.31% | 16 | 1.33% | -192 | -15.95% | 1,204 |
| Franklin | 571 | 37.34% | 958 | 62.66% | -387 | -25.31% | 1,529 | ||
| Gadsden | 1,321 | 36.62% | 2,262 | 62.71% | 24 | 0.67% | -941 | -26.09% | 3,607 |
| Gilchrist | 137 | 12.90% | 925 | 87.10% | -788 | -74.20% | 1,062 | ||
| Glades | 309 | 47.69% | 339 | 52.31% | -30 | -4.63% | 648 | ||
| Gulf | 570 | 24.12% | 1,793 | 75.88% | -1,223 | -51.76% | 2,363 | ||
| Hamilton | 464 | 23.67% | 1,493 | 76.17% | 3 | 0.15% | -1,029 | -52.50% | 1,960 |
| Hardee | 1,589 | 45.67% | 1,890 | 54.33% | -301 | -8.65% | 3,479 | ||
| Hendry | 1,071 | 51.59% | 1,003 | 48.31% | 2 | 0.10% | 68 | 3.28% | 2,076 |
| Hernando | 1,295 | 46.45% | 1,435 | 51.47% | 58 | 2.08% | -140 | -5.02% | 2,788 |
| Highlands | 3,480 | 60.25% | 2,296 | 39.75% | 1,184 | 20.50% | 5,776 | ||
| Hillsborough | 41,889 | 51.97% | 38,610 | 47.90% | 100 | 0.12% | 3,279 | 4.07% | 80,599 |
| Holmes | 1,036 | 29.17% | 2,516 | 70.83% | -1,480 | -41.67% | 3,552 | ||
| Indian River | 4,059 | 70.49% | 1,699 | 29.51% | 2,360 | 40.99% | 5,758 | ||
| Jackson | 2,543 | 29.86% | 5,973 | 70.14% | -3,430 | -40.28% | 8,516 | ||
| Jefferson | 540 | 30.73% | 1,201 | 68.36% | 16 | 0.91% | -661 | -37.62% | 1,757 |
| Lafayette | 187 | 15.07% | 1,054 | 84.93% | -867 | -69.86% | 1,241 | ||
| Lake | 10,888 | 70.83% | 4,326 | 28.14% | 158 | 1.03% | 6,562 | 42.69% | 15,372 |
| Lee | 7,565 | 62.60% | 4,520 | 37.40% | 3,045 | 25.20% | 12,085 | ||
| Leon | 6,828 | 49.04% | 7,022 | 50.44% | 72 | 0.52% | -194 | -1.39% | 13,922 |
| Levy | 934 | 33.72% | 1,821 | 65.74% | 15 | 0.54% | -887 | -32.02% | 2,770 |
| Liberty | 238 | 21.40% | 870 | 78.24% | 4 | 0.36% | -632 | -56.83% | 1,112 |
| Madison | 1,017 | 32.92% | 2,064 | 66.82% | 8 | 0.26% | -1,047 | -33.89% | 3,089 |
| Manatee | 11,904 | 68.56% | 5,394 | 31.07% | 64 | 0.37% | 6,510 | 37.50% | 17,362 |
| Marion | 6,362 | 50.90% | 6,114 | 48.92% | 23 | 0.18% | 248 | 1.98% | 12,499 |
| Martin | 2,997 | 68.32% | 1,387 | 31.62% | 3 | 0.07% | 1,610 | 36.70% | 4,387 |
| Monroe | 3,337 | 43.52% | 4,327 | 56.43% | 4 | 0.05% | -990 | -12.91% | 7,668 |
| Nassau | 1,717 | 38.18% | 2,765 | 61.49% | 15 | 0.33% | -1,048 | -23.30% | 4,497 |
| Okaloosa | 2,788 | 32.66% | 5,748 | 67.34% | -2,960 | -34.68% | 8,536 | ||
| Okeechobee | 575 | 40.78% | 835 | 59.22% | -260 | -18.44% | 1,410 | ||
| Orange | 37,482 | 71.99% | 14,532 | 27.91% | 52 | 0.10% | 22,950 | 44.08% | 52,066 |
| Osceola | 3,602 | 65.17% | 1,923 | 34.79% | 2 | 0.04% | 1,679 | 30.38% | 5,527 |
| Palm Beach | 35,746 | 71.28% | 14,321 | 28.56% | 80 | 0.16% | 21,425 | 42.72% | 50,147 |
| Pasco | 5,501 | 56.47% | 4,181 | 42.92% | 60 | 0.62% | 1,320 | 13.55% | 9,742 |
| Pinellas | 74,314 | 72.48% | 28,113 | 27.42% | 105 | 0.10% | 46,201 | 45.06% | 102,532 |
| Polk | 23,682 | 55.94% | 18,626 | 44.00% | 24 | 0.06% | 5,056 | 11.94% | 42,332 |
| Putnam | 4,212 | 56.27% | 3,232 | 43.18% | 41 | 0.55% | 980 | 13.09% | 7,485 |
| St. John's | 5,104 | 56.25% | 3,940 | 43.43% | 29 | 0.32% | 1,164 | 12.83% | 9,073 |
| St. Lucie | 5,435 | 66.35% | 2,731 | 33.34% | 26 | 0.32% | 2,704 | 33.01% | 8,192 |
| Santa Rosa | 1,909 | 31.54% | 4,144 | 68.46% | -2,235 | -36.92% | 6,053 | ||
| Sarasota | 13,937 | 73.34% | 5,052 | 26.59% | 14 | 0.07% | 8,885 | 46.76% | 19,003 |
| Seminole | 5,841 | 65.07% | 3,125 | 34.81% | 11 | 0.12% | 2,716 | 30.26% | 8,977 |
| Sumter | 1,061 | 31.30% | 2,329 | 68.70% | -1,268 | -37.40% | 3,390 | ||
| Suwannee | 1,046 | 24.85% | 3,163 | 75.15% | -2,117 | -50.30% | 4,209 | ||
| Taylor | 776 | 28.52% | 1,945 | 71.48% | -1,169 | -42.96% | 2,721 | ||
| Union | 218 | 18.54% | 958 | 81.46% | -740 | -62.93% | 1,176 | ||
| Volusia | 25,103 | 63.37% | 14,489 | 36.58% | 22 | 0.06% | 10,614 | 26.79% | 39,614 |
| Wakulla | 393 | 26.79% | 1,074 | 73.21% | -681 | -46.42% | 1,467 | ||
| Walton | 1,606 | 33.24% | 3,225 | 66.76% | -1,619 | -33.51% | 4,831 | ||
| Washington | 1,027 | 32.01% | 2,164 | 67.46% | 17 | 0.53% | -1,137 | -35.44% | 3,208 |
| Totals | 643,849 | 57.19% | 480,371 | 42.67% | 1,542 | 0.14% | 163,478 | 14.52% | 1,125,762 |
Notes
- ^ Although he was born in Texas and grew up in Kansas before his military career, at the time of the 1952 election Eisenhower was president of Columbia University and was, officially, a resident of New York. During his first term as president, he moved his private residence to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and officially changed his residency to Pennsylvania.
- ^ These write-in votes are listed in America at the Polls, but not in Dave Leip's Atlas.
References
- ^ "The Presidents". David Leip. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
Eisenhower's home state for the 1956 Election was Pennsylvania
- ^ Doherty, Herbert J. (junior); 'Florida and the Presidential Election of 1928'; The Florida Historical Quarterly, vol. 26, no. 2 (October 1947), pp. 174-186
- ^ Poll Taxes: Hearings Before the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on S. 1280, Seventy-Seventh Congress, Second Session, Parts 1-2, p. 289
- ^ Menendez, Albert J.; The Geography of Presidential Elections in the United States, 1868-2004, p. 164-165 ISBN 0786422173
- ^ See Doherty, Herbert J. (junior); 'Liberal and Conservative Politics in Florida'; The Journal of Politics, vol. 14, no. 3 (August 1952), pp. 403-417
- ^ a b Strong, Donald S.; 'The Presidential Election in the South, 1952'; The Journal of Politics, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 343-389
- ^ Roady, Elston E.; 'The Expansion of Negro Suffrage in Florida', The Journal of Negro Education, vol. 26, no. 3, ('The Negro Voter in the South) (Summer, 1957), pp. 297-306
- ^ Leip, David. "1956 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.
- ^ Scammon, Richard M. (compiler); America at the Polls: A Handbook of Presidential Election Statistics 1920-1964; pp. 91-92 ISBN 0405077114
