Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Nieszczarda2 (talk | contribs) at 13:49, 20 March 2022 (→‎Anti-war actions by the Belarusian diaspora: Added re Belarusian umbrella initiative in the UK). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Map of Russian military activities in Belarus during 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine (as of 15 March 2022)
Russian helicopter Mil Mi-8AMTSh (Mi-171Sh) in Minsk, 23 February 2022

Belarus, a close ally of Russia, has supported its eastern neighbour in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Before the start of the war, Belarus allowed the Russian Armed Forces to perform weeks-long military drills on its territory, which the Russians did not leave after they were supposed to finish. The country did not oppose it being used as a launching pad for the invasion of Russian troops that started on 24 February, which they actively used as Belarus's border was close to Kyiv, Ukraine's capital.[1][2][3][4]

Belarus initially denied having anything in common with the conflict, but has since admitted to allowing Russian missile launchers stationed on its territory to shoot at Ukrainian targets. Several reports have emerged in Belarus opposition media and among the Ukrainian military that Belarusian troops are on Ukrainian soil fighting together with Russians, but Belarus's leader Aleksander Lukashenko dismissed them and said that the Belarusian Armed Forces would not participate directly in the conflict.

The involvement of Belarus was condemned in Western countries, with the European Union, the United States, and Japan imposing sanctions against Belarus. According to Chatham House, Belarus's participation in the military conflict is unpopular among the general population;[5] protests were held on 27 February, the day of the constitutional referendum which asked to revoke Belarus's non-nuclear country status, but were quickly dispersed. Several hackers affiliated with the Ukrainian military or with Anonymous have targeted Belarusian government agencies as well as the country's critical infrastructure.

Background

Ukrainian border guardsmen at the international border with Belarus in December 2021.

Belarus is located to the north of Ukraine, with which it shares a 1,084 km (674 mi)-long border. Its proximity to the Ukrainian capital Kyiv is considered to be of major strategic value.[4] Both modern states were created in the aftermath of the October Revolution in 1917 in a form of the Belarusian Democratic Republic and the Ukrainian People's Republic which then evolved into Byelorussian and Ukrainian SSRs in 1919 before unifying with Soviet Russia to form the Soviet Union in 1922. The current borders were established after World War II when the Soviet Union acquired western parts from interwar Poland and Hungary and has remained the same since even with the two republics became independent countries in 1991 with the dissolution of the Soviet Union.[6]

In January and February 2022, Russian troops came into Belarus to participate in military drills. On 16 February, Minister of Foreign Affairs Vladimir Makei claimed that Russian soldiers will leave Belarus after training ends,[5] statement rejected later on by the Ministry of Defense, who claimed that they would remain "for an unknown period of time".[5] The number of Russian troops that would remain in Belarus was estimated to be at around 30,000.[7] Additionally, it was also speculated that Belarus could host Russian nuclear weaponry.[4]

The former version of the Constitution of Belarus demanded the country to be neutral.[5] Belarus, however, held a constitutional referendum on 27 February, which was declared to have passed with 65% support.[8] As one of the changes, Belarus revoked its non-nuclear status. Lukashenko later clarified that he would request Russia to bring nuclear weapons if NATO moves to bring them to Poland or Lithuania, the country's western neighbours.[9]

Russian invasion

In the initial stages of the military conflict, Belarus lent its territory to Russians for them to attack, but did not seem to have sent its own soldiers into the conflict. On the day of invasion, the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine reported about Russian troops trying to break through the Belarus-Ukraine border at the Vilcha border crossing,[10] and a helicopter without identification marks attacking a bridge near Slavutych.[11] CNN published a video showing tanks entering Ukraine through the Senkivka border crossing, on the tripoint with Russia.[12] Also on that day, Chernobyl, together with the nearby former nuclear power plant, was seized after Russian troops entered Ukraine from Belarus via the unpopulated Chernobyl Exclusion Zone.[3]

Belarus also allowed military installations to shoot from its territory towards its southern neighbour, or to cross its border southbound. Already on 24 February, the Ukrainian commander-in-chief reported that four ballistic missiles were launched from Belarus towards the southwest.[13] Two days later, Maxar Technologies published satellite images with 150 helicopters and hundreds of ground vehicles stationed near Khoyniki, some 50 km (31 mi) from the Ukrainian border,[14] with 90 helicopters using a local straight road as a temporary airbase.[14] Belarusian media and Telegram channels also circulated numerous videos and photos showing movement of Russian armored vehicles and helicopters in southern Belarus.[2][5][15] Three days later, the Ukrainian Centre for Strategic Communication reported that Zhytomyr Airport was bombed by the missiles launched from the territory of Belarus.[16] On 8 March, ImageSat International published satellite images of three missile launchers (possibly Russian 9K720 Iskander) in the field near Kalinkavichy (southeastern Belarus), and new planes (Russian A-50 or A-100) and Mi-26 heavy helicopters at Baranavichy air base.[17][18]

Eventually, reports of Belarusian troops in Ukraine started to appear. On 25 February, the Ukrainian media published a video with a Russian POW who claimed to have entered Ukraine via Homyel' Region of Belarus and said that the Belarusian military did not stop him.[19] On 28 February, Belarusian opposition media outlet Charter 97 claimed that some Belarusian soldiers were among the wounded and killed invasion troops in Ukraine, citing anonymous Belarusian and Ukrainian sources.[20] A Ukrainian senior military official later said to the public broadcaster Suspilne that Belarusian soldiers have been spotted on the ground in Chernihiv Oblast since 27 February and that they were moving from Horodnia towards Chernihiv, the capital of the northernmost region of Ukraine;[21] however, the Office of the President could not confirm the reports.[22] On 6 March, a Ukrainian presidential adviser, Oleksiy Arestovych, said that the Belarusian army had not taken part in the invasion thus far, claiming that they were Russian attempts to involve it in military operations. There was no independent confirmation[23]

Russian troops wounded in Ukraine are reportedly treated by Belarusian and Russian doctors in Homiel and in other cities of Homiel Region.[24][25][26] Russian soldiers killed in Ukraine are reported to be placed in morgues in the Homiel Region.[26] On 13 March, Ukrainian media reported that treatment of wounded Russian soldiers in Belarusian hospitals led to exhaustion of all blood reserves made for this purpose, and the doctors started to use blood reserves for civil population of Belarus. It was also reported that Belarusians were encouraged to donate blood.[27][28]

According to the Charter 97 news channel, reporting on 5 and 6 March 2022, most low-ranked Belarusian soldiers were opposed to participating in the invasion of Ukraine. Charter 97 and its chief editor, Natalya Radina, also stated that Belarusian officers reported to their seniors that they would risk mutiny or mass surrender if they took their units into Ukraine.[29][30]

On 10 March, Secretary of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine Oleksiy Danilov claimed that the invasion from Belarus was a "backstab", unlike other directions of Russian invasion which were foreseen.[31]

On 10 March, two Belarusian truck drivers were killed or got fatal injuries in Korosten in northern Ukraine during an aerial bombardment (the planes were presumably based in Belarus).[32] On the same day, an unidentified Russian plane crashed near Luninets Air Base in Belarus (the pilots ejected successfully). The Ukrainian media outlet Obozrevatel claimed that the plane was shot over Ukraine and failed to reach the airbase in Belarus.[33]

On 11 March, Ukrainian officials accused Russia of conducting airstrikes on Belarusian settlements from Ukrainian airspace in an attempt to force Belarus more directly into the hostilities.[34]

On 17 March, the open-source investigators MotolkoHelp reported that more Russian Iskander missiles were deployed at the Machulishchy air base and air-defense systems were seen on the territory of Belarus, such as Pantsir-S1 in the Minsk region and near the town of Mazyr and S-400 at Baranavichy. According to MotolkoHelp, Belarusian soldiers were ordered to do the "dirty job" for the Russian forces, such as repairing damaged hardware and cleaning vehicles of dirt and human remains.[35]

Belarusian opposition to the invasion

Public opinion in Belarus

According to Chatham House, 79% of Belarusians think that the death of Belarusian soldiers during the war between Russia and Ukraine is unacceptable, and more than 50% thought that Belarus should remain neutral.[5]

It is believed that “a deployment of Belarusian soldiers in a fully-fledged war would represent a radical break with Lukashenka's cornerstone ideology of peace and stability [and raise] the question of Lukashenka's support from a critical part of Belarusian society that thus far had been hesitant to openly oppose the regime.”[36]

According to Rosemary Thomas OBE (former British Ambassador in Minsk between 2009 and 2012) "Belarusian territory had highest level of slaughter during WW2. They know what's it's about. Ordinary Belarusians see Ukraine as brother nation. They don't want war at all but ESPECIALLY not with Ukraine. "[37]

Condemnation of war by opposition leaders

Belarusian exiled opposition leader Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya condemned Lukashenka for participating in the invasion[5] and expressed her belief that “Ukraine will win this war”.[38] She also suggested that Lukashenka is no longer in control of the Belarusian military.[39] Tsikhanouskaya supports Volodymyr Zelensky's calls to close the skies over Ukraine.[40]

Another opposition leader, Pavel Latushka called for similar sanctions and restrictions to be introduced against Lukashenko as against Putin: “Rockets were also fired at Ukraine from the territory of Belarus, and Lukashenka is the same aggressor as Putin”.[41] He also called for recognising Belarus as a territory temporarily occupied by Russia because the Belarusian regime had lost its independence in decision making and had no control over the territory of Belarus anymore.[42]

Invonka Survilla, President of the Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic sent a public letter to the President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelensky, in which she expressed support for the Ukrainian people in their struggle for democracy, independence and European future. She also asked Zelensky not to identify Belarusians with the illegitimate regime of Lukashenka and to request Ukrainian officials and media “to cease the unjustified harassment and insults of Belarusians, direct association of the Belarusian people with the dictator and disparaging of the efforts of Belarusians in their long struggle against Lukashenka's regime" because “there can be no collective responsibility and collective guilt in [the current political] situation [in Belarus]”.[43][44]

Condemnation of war by journalists and celebrities

Belarusian opposition journalists claimed that the actions of the Belarusian government could be treated as aggression according to article 3 (section "f") of the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3314 ("The action of a State in allowing its territory, which it has placed at the disposal of another State, to be used by that other State for perpetration an act of aggression against a third State <...> ...qualify as an act of aggression").[45]

Belarusian Nobel Laureate Svetlana Alexievich called Lukashenka's actions over Ukraine a 'crime'. She added that if Belarusian troops are sent to Ukraine by Lukashenka to assist Russia to fight against Ukrainian forces "heroism for them will be not to shoot."[46] She also said that Russia's war against Ukraine is a worse evil than World War II and that Ukrainians and Belarusians fighting against Putin in this war for freedom are heroes.[47]

Another Belarusian writer, Alhierd Baharevich declared that “we have the same enemy: the Belarusians, the Ukrainians, the Lithuanians, and even the Russians. And this enemy is Putin's empire, Putinism, Putin's fascism!”[48]

More than 80 representatives of the Belarusian film industry publicly condemned Russia's military aggression against Ukraine.[49]

Belarusian tennis star Victoria Azarenka “declare[d] her dismay and great sadness at the events” in Ukraine.[50]

Anti-war public protests and acts of sabotage in Belarus

Despite very tight security measures imposed by Lukashenka's regime, protests against the invasion were held in cities across Belarus on 27 February, the day of voting on the changes to the Belarusian constitution,[51] during which 800 people were detained, according to Ministry of Internal Affairs of Belarus.[52][53]

Belarusian activists disrupted work of the Belarusian Railway (transports Russian military trains) destroying two control points of semaphore signals and railroad switches, organizing a short circuit of the signaling system near Mahilioŭ.[54] Ministry of internal affairs of Belarus called these acts "terrorist attacks" and accused opposition figures Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya and Pavel Latushko of inspiring them.[55] On 2 March, hacktivists damaged network infrastructure of the Belarusian Railway.[56] On 3 March The Jerusalem Post reported that the General prosecutor had opened an investigation on sabotage.[57]

By 9 March, at least eight people were arrested on suspicion of disrupting the movement of Russian military trains in Belarus.[58] The acts of sabotage prompted the Belarusian authorities to instruct a special military division to patrol the railways in plain clothes.[59]

Belarusian volunteers serving in Ukrainian Armed Forces

In Ukraine, Belarusians have created a separate battalion named after Kastuś Kalinoŭski to defend Kyiv.[60]

It is reported that more than 200 Belarusian citizens have joined the Armed Forces of Ukraine to defend Ukraine from the Russian invasion, with another 300 volunteers from Belarus are now en route through Poland.[61][62]

Pavel Shurmei, a former Belarusian Olympic rower and world record holder, declared his intention to fight for Ukraine as a volunteer.[63]

On 4 March 2022, the first Belarusian volunteer Illia “Licvin” was reportedly killed in action during heavy fighting near the Ukrainian city of Bucha.[64] On 13 March 2022 it was reported that a member of Kastuś Kalinoŭski Battalion nicknamed “Tur” (real name Aliaksiej Skoblia) was killed in action near Kyiv when his unit was ambushed.[65][66]

Anti-war actions by the Belarusian diaspora

Belarusians living outside Belarus and Ukraine express their solidarity with the Ukrainian people by attending anti-war rallies, helping organisations dealing with Ukrainian refugees, collecting and delivering financial and humanitarian aid[67][68][69] as well as helping Belarusian volunteers fighting for Ukraine.[70] Several organisations in the UK established the Belarusians in Britain for Ukraine, an umbrella initiative to co-ordinate their response.[71]

Reactions

Belarus

Letter from head of State Border Guard Service of Ukraine Serhii Deyneko to head of State Border Committee of Belarus Anatoly Lappo, 26 February 2022

Government

Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko initially denied involvement of the Belarusian military in the conflict at the time,[72] and the Belarusian Ministry of Defense did not comment on the reports of missiles launched from Belarus hitting any Ukrainian targets.[73] On 27 February, however, Alexander Lukashenko acknowledged that projectiles were launched by Russia from Belarus against Ukraine, but commented this was a "forced step".[74] Lukashenko also announced that he would not order Belarus's troops to join the Russians to Ukraine,[75] despite reports they already were in Ukraine, nevertheless he decided to move more forces to the Ukrainian border on 1 March.[45]

Opposition

Belarusian exiled opposition leader Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya condemned Lukashenko for participating in the invasion.[5] Belarusian opposition journalists claimed that the actions of the Belarusian government could be treated as aggression according to article 3 (section "f") of the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3314 ("The action of a State in allowing its territory, which it has placed at the disposal of another State, to be used by that other State for perpetration an act of aggression against a third State <...> ...qualify as an act of aggression").[51] Protests against the invasion were held in cities across Belarus on 27 February, the day of voting on the changes to the Belarusian constitution,[52] during which 800 people were detained, according to Ministry of Internal Affairs of Belarus.[54]

According to Chatham House, 79% of Belarusians think that the death of Belarusian soldiers during the war between Russia and Ukraine is unacceptable, and more than 50% thought that Belarus should remain neutral.[5]

Belarusian activists disrupted work of the Belarusian Railway (transports Russian military trains) destroying two control points of semaphore signals and railroad switches, organizing a short circuit of the signaling system near Mahilioŭ.[55] Ministry of internal affairs of Belarus called these acts "terrorist attacks" and accused opposition figures Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya and Pavel Latushko of inspiring them.[56] On 2 March, hacktivists damaged network infrastructure of the Belarusian Railway.[57] On 3 March The Jerusalem Post reported that the General prosecutor had opened an investigation on sabotage.[76]

Churches and religious organisations

The clampdown of the 2020–2021 protests severely reduced the Christian communities' ability to express their position independently of the government. By 2022, the pro-democratic public activity of Belarusian Christians had concentrated around the Christian Vision group most members of which were based abroad.[77] On the day of the invasion, the group issued a statement condemning the aggression and the use of the Belarusian territory by the Russian army, expressing solidarity with Ukraine and calling on Belarusian soldiers to not participate in the war.[78]

Initially, the leadership of all main Belarusian Christian denomination avoided referring to those events as an invasion or war.[77] The head of the Belarusian Orthodox Church, Metropolitan Veniyamin [Wikidata], did not condemn the invasion but called the sides "to make steps to each other".[79] An Orthodox theologian Natallia Vasilevich criticised his stance.[80] Other Orthodox bishops remained silent.[81]

The initial announcement of the Conference of the Catholic Bishops in Belarus, published on 26 February, referred to the "conflict in Ukraine".[82] In response to the laity's strong criticism, the Conference gathered for an extraordinary meeting on 3 March. In its statement, the bishops expressed a concern about the political conflict becoming a war and called not to allow Belarus to take part in it.[83] On 9 March, the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church thanked Belarusian bishops for their "fraternal solidarity".[84]

On 2 March, four bishops of Evangelical denominations called on their believers for a three-day fasting and prayer for stopping the war in Ukraine. They mentioned that Belarus was also involved in it.[85]

On 9 March, the Ukrainian Council of Churches and Religious Organizations petitioned Belarusian religious leaders "to use their authority to prevent the involvement of the Belarusian army in the war against Ukraine".[86]

Prayers for Ukraine and peace in Ukraine took place is some Roman Catholic parishes and convents.[87][88][89] Several Orthodox, Catholic and Protestant priests and pastors publicly protested against the war.[90][91][92] An Orthodox priest, Mikhail Maruha, was detained during a rally against the Russian invasion of Ukraine near the Minsk railway station on 28 February and sentenced to a 13-day arrest.[93]

On 3 March, the Mothers’ Union called mothers of soldiers to come to the Orthodox Cathedral church in Minsk to pray for an end to Russia's aggression and Belarus abstaining from taking part. Nearly 100 mothers joined the action, at least four women and two journalists were detained.[94]

Churches in diaspora

On 27 February, a Greek Catholic parish in London addressed Ukrainian brethren expressing solidarity with the people of Ukraine and the wish for their victory to inspire Belarusians to end the Russian occupation of their country.[95]

Ukraine

On 26 February, the head of State Border Guard Service of Ukraine Serhii Deyneko wrote an official letter to chief of the State Border Committee of Belarus Anatoly Lappo, accusing his organization of helping Russia to invade Ukraine from the north.[96] Some MPs of Verkhovna Rada, Ukraine's parliament, have called to break diplomatic ties with its northerly neighbour.[97]

A large number of internet hackers, in particular connected to a decentralised collective called Anonymous and the Ukrainian IT Army, launched numerous cyberattacks against Belarusian government agencies[98][99] and the state railway.[100] In response to the invasion, Anonymous leaked some 200 gigabytes of correspondence of Belarusian private defence contractor Tetraedr.[98]

Western countries

See also: International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War

Belarus's assistance of Russia's invasion drew condemnation from Western powers. On the day of invasion, the US Treasury issued sanctions against Belarus for its involvement in the Russian invasion. Several military industrial companies and generals were sanctioned.[101] On 26 February, Japan considered issuing similar sanctions, which it introduced two days later.[102][103]

The European Union issued the first set of sanctions against Belarus - the first was introduced on 27 February, which banned certain categories of Belarusian items in the EU, including timber, steel, mineral fuels and tobacco.[104] After the Lithuanian prime minister proposed disconnecting Belarus from SWIFT,[105] the European Union, which does not recognise Lukashenko as the legitimate President of Belarus, started to plan an extension of the sanctions already issued against Russian entities and top officials to its ally.[106]

United Nations

On 2 March 2022, the United Nations General Assembly overwhelmingly voted to reprimand Russia over its invasion of Ukraine and demanded that Moscow stop fighting and withdraw its military forces, an action that aims to diplomatically isolate Russia at the world body. 141 of the Assembly's 193 members voted for the resolution, 35 including China abstained and 5 countries including Russia and Belarus voted against the document.[107] The paragraph 10 of the United Nations General Assembly Resolution of 2 March 2022 confirmed the involvement of Belarus in unlawful use of force against Ukraine.[108]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Why Russia's Invasion of Ukraine Led to Sanctions on Belarus". Time. 2022-02-25. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  2. ^ a b "Russian Hybrid War Report: Belarus joins conflict against Ukraine". Atlantic Council. 2022-02-24. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  3. ^ a b Coakley, Amanda. "Lukashenko Is Letting Putin Use Belarus to Attack Ukraine". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  4. ^ a b c Mallet, Victor (25 February 2022). "Nato alarmed by Belarus role in Ukraine assault". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 2022-02-25. Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Как Лукашенко втянул Беларусь в конфликт с Украиной и чем это грозит экономике" [How Lukashenka Dragged Belarus into a Conflict with Ukraine and How It Threatens the Economy]. BBC (in Russian). 2022-02-25. Archived from the original on 2022-02-25. Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  6. ^ "Belarus and the Ukraine Trap". 21 July 2021. Archived from the original on 2022-01-04. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  7. ^ "Ukraine crisis: Russia keeps troops in Belarus amid Ukraine fears". BBC. 2022-02-21. Archived from the original on 2022-02-26. Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  8. ^ Reuters (2022-02-27). "Belarus referendum approves proposal to renounce non-nuclear status - agencies". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2022-02-27. Retrieved 2022-03-01. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  9. ^ "Belarus votes to ditch 'nuclear-free' status in disputed referendum". euronews. 2022-02-28. Archived from the original on 2022-02-28. Retrieved 2022-03-01.
  10. ^ "Враг пошел на прорыв границы в Киевской области" [The Enemy Proceeded to Break the Border in the Kyiv Region]. Ukrayinska Pravda (in Russian). 2022-02-24. Archived from the original on 2022-02-24. Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  11. ^ "Погранслужба Украины: вертолет с территории Беларуси атаковал украинский пункт пропуска "Славутич"" [The Border Guard Service of Ukraine: a Helicopter Attacked the Ukrainian Border Checkpoint “Slavutych”]. reform.by (in Russian). 2022-02-24. Archived from the original on 2022-03-06. Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  12. ^ "WATCH: Tanks enter Ukraine via Belarus's border". CNN. 2022-02-24. Archived from the original on 2022-02-25. Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  13. ^ "Из Беларуси выпущено 4 баллистические ракеты в направлении Украины — ВСУ" [Four Ballistic Missiles were Fired from Belarus in the direction of Ukraine – Ukrainian Armed Forces]. tsn.ua (in Russian). 2022-02-24. Archived from the original on 2022-02-25. Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  14. ^ a b "Images show new deployments of forces, 150 helicopters in southern Belarus -Maxar". Reuters. 2022-02-26. Archived from the original on 2022-03-05. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
  15. ^ "Як Беларусь саўдзельнічае ў нападзе на Украіну: паказваем на мапе" [How Belarus Participates in the Invasion of Ukraine: Showing on the Map]. Nasha Niva (in Belarusian). Archived from the original on 2022-02-25. Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  16. ^ "По аэропорту в Житомире нанесен ракетный удар со стороны Беларуси — Центр стратегических коммуникаций" [A Missile Strike was Carried Out at the Zhytomyr Airport from the Side of Belarus – Centre of Strategic Communication]. nv.ua (in Russian). 2022-02-27. Archived from the original on 2022-02-28. Retrieved 2022-02-28.
  17. ^ "Спутниковые снимки ImageSat: в "Барановичи" продолжают прибывать самолеты ДРЛО, что может свидетельствовать о подготовке масштабного авиаудара". NEWSru (in Russian). 2022-03-08. Archived from the original on 2022-03-08. Retrieved 2022-03-09.
  18. ^ "Спутниковые снимки ImageSat: в Гомельской области развернуты российские ракетные комплексы". NEWSru (in Russian). 2022-03-08. Archived from the original on 2022-03-08. Retrieved 2022-03-09.
  19. ^ "Украінцы апублікавалі відэа допыту палоннага расіяніна. Ва Украіну ён патрапіў з Беларусі" [Ukrainians Published a Video of Integration of a Russian War Prisoner. He Entered Ukraine from Belarus]. Nasha Niva (in Belarusian). 2022-02-25. Archived from the original on 2022-02-25. Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  20. ^ "Среди раненых и убитых оккупантов на территории Украины — белорусские военные" [Belarusian Soldiers are among Wounded and Killed Occupiers on the Territory of Ukraine]. Charter 97. 2022-02-28. Archived from the original on 2022-02-28. Retrieved 2022-02-28.
  21. ^ "На Чернігівщину зайшли білоруські війська" [Belarusian Armed Forces entered the Chernihiv Lands]. Українська правда (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2022-03-05. Retrieved 2022-03-01.
  22. ^ "Kancelaria Zełenskiego nie potwierdza wkroczenia armii Białorusi na Ukrainę". Rzeczpospolita (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2022-03-03. Retrieved 2022-03-01.
  23. ^ "Дарадца Зяленскага: Беларускае войска не выкарыстоўваецца супраць Украіны" [Zelenskyy's adviser: Belarusian army is not used against Ukraine]. Радыё Свабода (in Belarusian). Radio Liberty. 2022-03-06. Archived from the original on 2022-03-06. Retrieved 2022-03-09. The Russian army "actually holds the Lukashenko regime and the Belarusian people hostage", the territory of Belarus is used by the Russian army "in full". [..] The Russian armed forces "sets the Belarusian army and the Belarusian people up" because "we saw Russian tanks in the direction of Kyiv from the southwest with Belarusian flags at the beginning of the conflict."
  24. ^ "В гомельских больницах лечат раненых во время нападения на Украину российских военных" [Russian Soldiers Wounded during the Invasion of Ukraine are being Treated in Homiel Hospitals]. Belsat TV (in Russian). 2022-02-27. Archived from the original on 2022-03-06. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
  25. ^ "В гомельские больницы продолжают поступать раненые и погибшие российские военные" [Wounded and Killed Russian Soldiers are being Admitted to Homiel Hospitals]. Belsat TV (in Russian). 2022-02-28. Archived from the original on 2022-03-06. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
  26. ^ a b "СМИ: Морги и больницы Беларуси забиты трупами российских военных" [Media: Mortuaries and Hospitals in Belarus are full of Cadavers of Russian Soldiers] (in Russian). 2022-03-02. Archived from the original on 2022-03-02. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
  27. ^ "Морг на юге Беларуси заполнен трупами оккупантов, а в больницах не хватает крови для раненых". odessa.online (in Russian). 2022-03-13. Retrieved 2022-03-13.
  28. ^ "Российские оккупанты провалили наступление на Кривой Рог". d1.ua (in Russian). 2022-03-13. Retrieved 2022-03-13.
  29. ^ "Белорусские солдаты и офицеры массово отказываются воевать против Украины" [Belarusian soldiers and officers massively refuse to fight against Ukraine]. Charter 97 (in Russian). 2022-03-05. Archived from the original on 2022-03-05. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
  30. ^ Radzina, Natallia (2022-03-05). "Natallia Radzina: Belarusians Foil Putin's Plans To Invade Ukraine". Charter 97. Archived from the original on 2022-03-06. Retrieved 2022-03-06.
  31. ^ "Украина готовилась к войне, но была неожиданность – Данилов". gazeta.ua (in Russian). 2022-03-10. Retrieved 2022-03-10.
  32. ^ "«Травмы несовместимые с жизнью». Под обстрел города Коростень попали два белоруса". zerkalo.io. 2022-03-10. Archived from the original on 2022-03-11. Retrieved 2022-03-10.
  33. ^ "В небе над Украиной сбили самолет оккупантов, он упал на территории Беларуси. Фото". Obozrevatel (in Russian). 2022-03-12. Retrieved 2022-03-12.
  34. ^ "Ukraine accuses Russians of attack on Belarus". BBC News. 11 March 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
  35. ^ "Russian War Report: Russia sends military contractors from Georgian breakaway region to Ukraine". Atlantic Council. 18 March 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
  36. ^ Vieira, Alena Vysotskaya Guedes (2022-03-03). "Where Belarus and Belarusians Stand on the War in Ukraine". Politics Today. Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  37. ^ "Rosemary Thomas". Twitter. Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  38. ^ Whitworth, Damian. "Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya: 'I'm sure Ukraine will win this war'". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Archived from the original on 2022-03-08. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  39. ^ "Alexander Lukashenko has effectively ceded control to Kremlin, say opposition". the Guardian. 2022-03-06. Archived from the original on 2022-03-09. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  40. ^ "Святлана Ціханоўская падтрымала заклік прэзідэнта Украіны Уладзіміра Зяленскага аб закрыцці неба над Украінай" [Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya supports Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky's call to close the skies over Ukraine]. Наша Ніва (in Belarusian). Archived from the original on 2022-03-06. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  41. ^ "Ambassador: Lukashenka is the same aggressor as Putin". DIP. 2022-03-02. Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  42. ^ "Латушка заклікаў прызнаць Беларусь тэрыторыяй, часова акупаванай Расеяй" [Latushka called for recognising Belarus as a territory temporarily occupied by Russia]. Радыё Свабода // Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (in Belarusian). Retrieved 2022-03-16.
  43. ^ "Старшыня Рады БНР Сурвіла напісала Зяленскаму пра дыскрымінацыю беларусаў: «Ня можа быць калектыўнай віны»" [President of the Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic Survila wrote to Zelensky about discrimination against Belarusians: "There can be no collective guilt"]. Радыё Свабода // Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (in Belarusian). Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  44. ^ "Старшыня Рады БНР Івонка Сурвіла звярнулася да Уладзіміра Зяленскага пра дыскрымінацыю беларусаў" [President of the Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic Ivonka Survila addresses Volodymyr Zelensky about discrimination against Belarusians]. belsat.eu (in Belarusian). Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  45. ^ a b Reuters (2022-03-01). "Lukashenko says Belarus deploying more forces to Ukraine border". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2022-03-03. Retrieved 2022-03-01. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  46. ^ "Belarusian Nobel Laureate Alexievich Says Lukashenka's Actions Over Ukraine A 'Crime'". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Archived from the original on 2022-03-09. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  47. ^ "Алексіевіч: Беларусы, якія ваююць на баку Украіны, — героі" [Aleksievich: Belarusians fighting on the side of Ukraine are heroes]. Наша Ніва (in Belarusian). Archived from the original on 2022-03-06. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  48. ^ "Да беларусаў пачынаюць ставіцца з нянавісцю. Як быць? Размова з пісьменнікам Альгердам Бахарэвічам" [They are beginning to treat Belarusians with hatred. What to do? Conversation with the writer Alhierd Baharevich]. belsat.eu (in Belarusian). Archived from the original on 2022-03-08. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  49. ^ "Беларуская кінасупольнасць патрабуе неадкладна спыніць вайну ва Украіне" [The Belarusian film industry demands an immediate end to the war in Ukraine]. Наша Ніва (in Belarusian). Archived from the original on 2022-03-06. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  50. ^ Gamble, By Andrew (2022-03-03). "Belarusian star Azarenka speaks out amid country's role in Ukraine invasion". mirror. Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  51. ^ a b "Какие последствия будет иметь российско-украинская война для Беларуси?" [What consequences will the Russian-Ukrainian war have for Belarus?]. Belsat TV (in Russian). 2022-02-26. Archived from the original on 2022-02-27. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
  52. ^ a b "Belarusians Protest Russian Invasion Of Ukraine During Vote On Constitutional Changes". RFE/RL. 2022-02-27. Archived from the original on 2022-03-04. Retrieved 2022-02-28.
  53. ^ "«Завялі нас у душ і залілі газам, білі». Як адбывалі «суткі» затрыманыя на антываенных акцыях" ["They took us to the shower, filled it with gas and beat us.” How detainees at anti-war rallies spent their "days"]. Радыё Свабода / Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (in Belarusian). Retrieved 2022-03-15.
  54. ^ a b "На протестах в Беларуси задержали 800 человек" [800 People Detained During Protests In Belarus]. korrespondent.net (in Russian). 2022-02-28. Archived from the original on 2022-02-28. Retrieved 2022-02-28.
  55. ^ a b "Sabotage Operations Started At Belarusian Railways". charter97.org. Archived from the original on 2022-03-06. Retrieved 2022-03-06.
  56. ^ a b "МВД рассказало о задержаниях блокировщиков железных дорог и квалифицировало их действия как терроризм" [The Ministry of Internal Affairs Reported about the Arrests of Railroad Saboteurs and Qualified Their Actions as Terrorism]. MediaZona (in Russian). 2022-03-02. Archived from the original on 2022-03-06. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
  57. ^ a b "There was another attack on the infrastructure of the Belarusian Railway. Large queues at railway stations". belsat.eu. Archived from the original on 2022-03-06. Retrieved 2022-03-06.
  58. ^ "З пачатку вайны затрымалі мінімум 8 "рэйкавых партызанаў": што вядома пра "рэйкавую вайну" ў Беларусі" [At least 8 "rail guerrillas" detained since the beginning of the war: what is known about "rail war" in Belarus]. Viasna (in Belarusian). 2022-03-09. Archived from the original on 2022-03-09. Retrieved 2022-03-10.
  59. ^ "Супольнасць чыгуначнікаў: чыгунку будзе кантраляваць спецназ унутраных войскаў" [Community of railroad workers the railways will be patrolled by special military forces]. Навіны Беларусі | euroradio.fm (in Belarusian). Retrieved 2022-03-18.
  60. ^ "A Volunteer Belarusian battalion is in Kyiv and vows to defend it with their lives". www.newsrael.com. Retrieved 2022-03-15.
  61. ^ "Білоруси будуть здаватися в полон, або порушувати наказ – білорус про можливий наступ на Україну" [Belarusians will either surrender or disobey the order – a Belarusian on a possible attack on Ukraine]. Українська правда (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2022-03-09. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  62. ^ "Беларуская рота добраахвотнікаў ва Украіне запісала зварот да беларусаў і перадала асобнае прывітанне Рыгору Азаронку" [Belarusian volunteer unit in Ukraine recorded a message for Belarusians with special greetings to Ryhor Azaronak]. Наша Ніва (in Belarusian). Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  63. ^ "Расказваем пра беларускага весляра, які паехаў ваяваць за Украіну" [We are writing about a Belarusian rower who went to fight for Ukraine]. Наша Ніва (in Belarusian). Archived from the original on 2022-03-06. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  64. ^ "«Працаваў праграмістам, нармальна зарабляў». Хто такі беларус Ільля «Літвін», які загінуў за Ўкраіну" ["Worked as an IT specialists, earned a good salary." Who is the Belarusian Ilya "Licvin", who died for Ukraine]. Радыё Свабода / Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (in Belarusian). Archived from the original on 2022-03-06. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  65. ^ "Лукашэнка адрэагаваў на ўтварэньне ва Ўкраіне беларускага батальёну імя Кастуся Каліноўскага" [Lukashenka reacted to the formation of Kastuś Kalinoŭski Belarusian battalion in Ukraine]. Радыё Свабода // Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (in Belarusian). Retrieved 2022-03-15.
  66. ^ "A Belarusian volunteer died near Kiev". belsat.eu. Retrieved 2022-03-15.
  67. ^ "«Russians go home!» Беларусы ва ўсім свеце пратэстуюць супраць вайны" ["Russians go home!" Belarusians around the world protest against the war]. belsat.eu (in Belarusian). Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  68. ^ "Ад гуманітарнай дапамогі да беларускіх атрадаў: як беларусы могуць дапамагчы (і ўжо дапамагаюць) украінцам на вайне" [From humanitarian aid to Belarusian military volunteers: how Belarusians can help (and are already helping) Ukrainians in war]. belsat.eu (in Belarusian). Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  69. ^ "Брат Мікіты Крыўцова адкрыў цэнтр дапамогі беларускім добраахвотнікам ва Украіне" [Mikita Kryutsov's brother has opened a centre to help Belarusian volunteers in Ukraine]. Наша Ніва (in Belarusian). Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  70. ^ "Беларусы Вялікабрытаніі пачалі дапамагаць беларускім добраахвотнікам, якія ваююць ва Украіне" [Belarusians of Great Britain have started helping Belarusian volunteers fighting in Ukraine]. Наша Ніва (in Belarusian). Retrieved 2022-03-12.
  71. ^ "Belarusians in Britain for Ukraine". Belarusians in Britain for Ukraine. Retrieved 2022-03-20.
  72. ^ "Лукашенко: белорусские войска не принимают никакого участия в российской спецоперации в Донбассе" [Lukashenka: Belarusian Troops do not Participate in the Russian Special Operation in Donbas]. BelTA (in Russian). 2022-02-24. Archived from the original on 2022-02-24. Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  73. ^ "Мінабароны другі дзень ніяк не каментуе сітуацыю з расійскімі войскамі, што ідуць ва Украіну праз Беларусь" [The Ministry of Defence does not comment for the second day on the situation with the Russian Troops Entering Ukraine From Belarus]. Nasha Niva (in Belarusian). 2022-02-25. Archived from the original on 2022-03-06. Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  74. ^ "Лукашенко подтвердил, что с территории Беларуси были запущены ракеты по позициям в Украине, но это был вынужденный шаг" [Lukashenka confirmed that rockets were launched from the territory of Belarus at positions in Ukraine, but this was a forced step]. BelTA (in Russian). 2022-02-27. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
  75. ^ Reuters (2022-03-01). "Belarus leader says Minsk won't join Russian operation in Ukraine, Belta reports". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2022-03-01. Retrieved 2022-03-01. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  76. ^ "Belarus investigating sabotage of railway by organized group". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 2022-03-05. Retrieved 2022-03-03.
  77. ^ a b Васілевіч, Наталля (2022-03-11). "Белорусские христианские реакции против российского вторжения в Украину" [Belarusian Christian responses Against the Russian Invasion in Ukraine]. Царква і палітычны крызіс у Беларусі / Church and the Political Crisis in Belarus (in Russian). Retrieved 2022-03-13.
  78. ^ "Statement of the Christian Vision Working Group of the Coordination Council Regarding Military Aggression Against Fraternal Ukraine and Alexander Lukashenko's Regime Involvement — Царква і палітычны крызіс у Беларусі" (in Russian). Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  79. ^ "Обращение Митрополита Минского и Заславского Вениамина, Патриаршего Экзарха всея Беларуси, в связи с ситуацией в Украине | Епархии | Белорусская Православная Церковь | Новости | Официальный портал Белорусской Православной Церкви". church.by. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  80. ^ "Наталля с двумя "Л"". Telegram. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  81. ^ "Флагшток — Гомель і Гомельшчына". Telegram. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  82. ^ "Паведамленне Канферэнцыі Каталіцкіх Біскупаў у Беларусі ў сувязі з канфліктам ва Украіне". catholic.by (in Belarusian). Retrieved 2022-03-13.
  83. ^ "Зварот Канферэнцыі Каталіцкіх Біскупаў у Беларусі: Вайна — гэта злачынства супраць Бога і чалавека (BY/RU)". catholic.by (in Belarusian). Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  84. ^ "Ва Украінскай Грэка-Каталіцкай Царкве падзякавалі каталіцкім біскупам Беларусі за салідарнасць". catholic.by (in Belarusian). Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  85. ^ "Хрысціянская візія: НЕ ВАЙНЕ!". Telegram. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  86. ^ "UCCRO calls not to allow the Belarusian army to be involved in the war". UCCRO. 2022-03-09. Retrieved 2022-03-13.
  87. ^ "Хрысціянская візія: НЕ ВАЙНЕ!". Telegram. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  88. ^ "Хрысціянская візія: НЕ ВАЙНЕ!". Telegram. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  89. ^ "Хрысціянская візія: НЕ ВАЙНЕ!". Telegram. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  90. ^ "Хрысціянская візія: НЕ ВАЙНЕ!". Telegram. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  91. ^ "Хрысціянская візія: НЕ ВАЙНЕ!". Telegram. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  92. ^ "Хрысціянская візія: НЕ ВАЙНЕ!". Christian Vision (in Russian). Retrieved 2022-03-20. Priest Hyeorhiy Roy openly opposes the complicity of Belarus in Russia's military attack on Ukraine and demands the withdrawal of Russian troops from the territory of Belarus.
  93. ^ "A Monitoring of the Persecution in Belarus of People on Religious Grounds During the Political Crisis (UPDATING)". Царква і палітычны крызіс у Беларусі / Church and the Political Crisis in Belarus. Christian Vision. Retrieved 2022-03-20.
  94. ^ Corley, Felix (2022-03-09). "BELARUS: Soldiers' mothers detained for prayers for end to war on Ukraine". Forum 18. Retrieved 2022-03-13.
  95. ^ "Address to the Ukrainian Faithful and Clergy of the Greek Catholic Diocese of the Holy Family in London". Belarusian Church in London. 2022-02-27. Retrieved 2022-03-20.
  96. ^ ""Будьте вы прокляты, твари". Глава украинских пограничников написал письмо председателю ГПК Беларуси" [“God Damn you, Bustards!” The Head of Ukrainian Border Guards Wrote a Letter to the Head of the State Border Committee of Belarus.]. zerkalo.io (tut.by) (in Russian). 2022-02-26. Archived from the original on 2022-02-26. Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  97. ^ "У Раді закликали розірвати дипвідносини з Білоруссю" [The Rada Urges To Sever Diplomatic Relations With Belarus]. Європейська правда (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2022-03-01. Retrieved 2022-03-01.
  98. ^ a b "Ukraine's Volunteer 'IT Army' Is Hacking in Uncharted Territory". Wired UK. ISSN 1357-0978. Archived from the original on 2022-03-06. Retrieved 2022-03-01.
  99. ^ Pitrelli, Monica Buchanan (2022-03-01). "Global hacking group Anonymous launches 'cyber war' against Russia". CNBC. Archived from the original on 2022-03-01. Retrieved 2022-03-01.
  100. ^ "Hackers attack train network to stop Putin's troops moving to Ukraine". The Independent. 2022-02-28. Archived from the original on 2022-02-28. Retrieved 2022-03-01.
  101. ^ "U.S. Treasury Targets Belarusian Support for Russian Invasion of Ukraine". Archived from the original on 2022-02-25. Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  102. ^ Reuters (2022-02-26). "Japan considering imposing sanctions against Belarus". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2022-03-02. Retrieved 2022-02-27. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  103. ^ "Japan slaps sanctions on Belarus over Russian invasion of Ukraine". Kyodo News+. 2022-02-28. Archived from the original on 2022-03-01. Retrieved 2022-03-01.
  104. ^ Martin, Jessica (2022-02-27). "EU extends Russia sanctions to airspace, media, Belarus". Euractiv. Archived from the original on 2022-03-01. Retrieved 2022-03-01.
  105. ^ @nexta_tv (February 27, 2022). "Lithuanian Prime Minister proposed to disconnect Belarus from SWIFT" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  106. ^ Reuters (2022-02-28). "EU to impose new sanctions on Belarus this week -EU official". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2022-03-02. Retrieved 2022-03-01. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  107. ^ Pamuk, Humeyra; Landay, Jonathan (2 March 2022). "U.N. General Assembly in historic vote assails Russia over Ukraine invasion". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2022-03-02. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  108. ^ "UN resolution against Ukraine invasion: Full text". Al Jazeera. 3 March 2022. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belarusian_involvement_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&oldid=1078221780"