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Bridge of Spies (film)

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Bridge of Spies
Theatrical release poster
Directed bySteven Spielberg
Written by
Produced by
Starring
CinematographyJanusz Kamiński
Edited byMichael Kahn
Music byThomas Newman
Distributed by
Release dates
Running time
141 minutes[1][2]
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$40 million[3]
Box office$164.4 million[4]

Bridge of Spies is a 2015 American historical drama-thriller film directed by Steven Spielberg from a screenplay written by Matt Charman, Ethan Coen, and Joel Coen. The film stars Tom Hanks, Mark Rylance, Amy Ryan, and Alan Alda. Based on the 1960 U-2 incident during the Cold War, the film tells the story of lawyer James B. Donovan, who is entrusted with negotiating the release of Francis Gary Powers—a pilot whose U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union—in exchange for Rudolf Abel, a captive Soviet KGB spy held under the custody of the United States. The name of the film refers to the Glienicke Bridge, which connects Potsdam with Berlin, where the spy exchange took place.

Bridge of Spies was shot under the working title of St. James Place. Principal photography began on September 8, 2014, in Brooklyn, New York City, and the production proceeded at Babelsberg Studios in Potsdam. The film was released by Touchstone Pictures on October 16, 2015, in North America and distributed by 20th Century Fox in other territories.[6] It was a box office success, grossing $164.3 million worldwide and received critical acclaim, garnering praise for its direction, screenplay, acting, score, and production merits. The film received six Academy Award nominations including Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay, and won Best Supporting Actor for Rylance.

Plot

In Brooklyn, New York, in 1957, Rudolf Abel retrieves a secret message from a park bench and reads it just before FBI agents burst into his rented room. He prevents discovery of the message, but other evidence in the room leads to his arrest and prosecution as a Soviet spy.

After Abel refuses to cooperate with the U.S. government, they have him tried, but want it to appear to be "a fair trial" so that the Soviet Union cannot use it for propaganda. James B. Donovan, an insurance lawyer with experience in criminal law, is assigned to defend Abel. Donovan takes his work seriously, although no one - including his family, his firm, the prosecuting attorneys and the judge - expects or wants him to do so. As news of him defending Abel is put on newspapers, Donovan is treated with disdain in public places. By contrast, Abel is impressed by Donovan's determination and professionalism, as well as his kindness.

At the hearing, Abel is found guilty of all charges. Before the sentencing, Donovan meets the judge and suggests that Abel not be sentenced to death, as he could serve as "an insurance" should a U.S. spy be captured by the USSR. The judge is apparently dismissive but in the end sentences Abel to 30 years imprisonment, outraging the public. Hate mails are sent to Donovan's office and on one occasion, shots are fired at his home. Nevertheless, Donovan appeals to the U.S. Supreme Court to reduce the sentence, on the ground that the evidence presented by the prosecution is tainted by an invalid search warrant, but his appeal is denied. Back in Manhattan, Donovan finds his own partner at the firm is turning his back on him.

Some time later, Francis Gary Powers goes on a U-2 spy plane sortie over the Soviet Union, where he is shot down and captured. He is convicted and subjected to interrogation. The USSR sends a backchannel message to Donovan, proposing a prisoner exchange: Abel for Powers. Determined to see things through, Donovan agrees to handle negotiations. As the USSR doesn't want to admit Abel is their spy, the exchange is to take place in East Germany.

Meanwhile, Frederic Pryor, an American economics graduate student, visits his German girlfriend in East Berlin just as the Berlin Wall is being built. He tries to bring her back into West Berlin, but is stopped by border guards, arrested and labeled an American spy. Donovan tells his wife that he is going on a fishing trip to England, and travels to West Berlin, accompanied by CIA agents.

Donovan goes alone to the Soviet Embassy in East Berlin, and meets Ivan Schischkin, who claims to be Second Secretary at the Embassy; Donovan's CIA handler explains that he is actually the KGB's chief in Western Europe. Schischkin wants Abel released first, and Powers released several months after, but Donovan insists on a simultaneous release. Donovan also wants Pryor released as well, but Schischkin informs him that Pryor is held by the German Democratic Republic. Donovan begins to understand that the interests of the USSR and GDR do not overlap. The USSR wants Abel back, while the GDR wants to be recognized as a nation and an ally to the USSR. As a result, both want Abel for themselves. Donovan meets Vogel, a GDR lawyer who supposedly represents Abel's family, and arranged to exchange Abel for Pryor.

Although the CIA is interested only in Powers' return, it allows Donovan to negotiate for Pryor as well as long as the Abel-for-Powers deal is not jeopardized. Schischkin informs Donovan that the USSR agrees with him, and sets the exchange on the Glienicke Bridge. However, Vogel pulls out of the negotiation after finding out about the deal Donovan made with the USSR. Donovan is contacted by Vogel's superior, Harald Ott, East German Attorney General, and goes to his office despite the CIA agents' protest. Donovan suggests the 2-for-1 deal, and Ott bluntly refuses and sends him out. Via his secretary, Donovan sends a message to Ott. He states that the US wants both Pryor and Powers for Abel, or the entire deal will be scrapped. Abel may talk, and the USSR would blame East Germany for refusing to give up Pryor. At the end of the day, the GDR calls and accepts the deal.

At the Glienicke Bridge, Donovan meets the grateful Abel. On the other side, Powers appears, but Pryor is to be released at Checkpoint Charlie, not the bridge. Both side urge each other to finish the deal, but Donovan wants to wait for confirmation that Pryor is released first. Out of gratitude, Abel agrees to wait with him. Eventually, Pryor is taken to Checkpoint Charlie, and Abel is exchanged for Powers on the bridge.

An exhausted Donovan arrives at home from the "fishing trip" and goes upstairs. As his family watch TV, they are stunned to learn that Donovan helped facilitate the release of Abel, Powers and Pryor. His wife Mary goes upstairs and finds him sound asleep.

Historical accuracy

The film is based on the real-life arrest and trial of US spy pilot Gary Powers, who was shot down by Soviet forces when flying over the Russian city of Sverdlovsk in 1960.[7] The movie departs from the historical record, though reviewers have praised the film and argued that such departures are permissible.[8]

Commentators have noted that the shortening of timespans in the film at times gives a misleading impression.[9][10] One key example is the depiction of the Berlin Wall. Donovan did not see Berlin wall escapees being shot; the shootings most similar to the one depicted is the killing of Peter Fechter that happened the summer after the Powers/Abel exchange on the Glienicke Bridge.[9][10][11] Similarly, the circumstances of Frederic Pryor's detention were not accurately portrayed – he could not have crossed a partially built wall,[10][11] and further, was convicted of obtaining "confidential" material.[9]

Apart from the depiction of the Wall, it is notable that Donovan did not suffer quite the extent of violence depicted: he was not shot at in his home,[9][10] and he did not have his overcoat stolen.[9] The film also changed the location of Donovan's suggestion to the judge to spare Abel for the sake of a possible future exchange, which was in fact made in open court.[8][10]

Abel, an English-born Soviet intelligence officer (whose real name was William G. Fisher) most likely did his best work for the Soviet Union not as a spy in a dishevelled New York City lair full of radio gear, but before and during World War II, when he trained agents and radio operators for clandestine work in Nazi-occupied regions. This training is thought to have been critical to what his mentor, Pavel Sudoplatov, later called one of the most important radio deception operations of the war.[12]

Cast

Production

Development

James Donovan wrote an account of the incident in 1964 under the title Strangers on a Bridge: The Case of Colonel Abel and Francis Gary Powers.[13] The historical background to the U-2 incident and the story of former West Berlin CIA chief William King Harvey and Operation Gold was published in Rory MacLean's Berlin: Portrait of a City Through the Centuries (2014).[14] Soviet intelligence officer Rudolf Abel, who lived and operated in Brooklyn Heights, did dead drops of stolen documents in Prospect Park. His arrest and history were discussed by Truman Capote, another Heights resident at the time, in his book A House on the Heights.

Matt Charman became interested in Donovan's story after reading a footnote about him in An Unfinished Life: John F. Kennedy, 1917–1963.[15] After meeting with Donovan's son in New York City, Charman pitched the story to several studios and DreamWorks bought it. Studio co-founder Steven Spielberg became interested in the film and decided to direct.[16] Marc Platt and Kristie Macosko Krieger attached themselves as producers along with Spielberg. Joel Coen and Ethan Coen revised Matt Charman's original script.[17] According to Charman, the brothers "were able to really punch up the negotiations on the back end of the movie, then they handed the baton back to me to do a pass after they did their pass, to make the movie just sit in a place we all wanted it to. The flavor they brought is so fun and enjoyable. It needed to be entertaining but truthful."[15]

In June 2014, Fox 2000 Pictures agreed to co-finance the film with DreamWorks and Participant Media, with the film's distribution rights being divided between Disney and Fox.[18] During a March 3, 2015, interview with The Daily Pennsylvanian, Platt revealed the title to be Bridge of Spies; it was shot under the working title of St. James Place.[19]

In May 2014, it was announced that Tom Hanks would star as James Donovan, with Mark Rylance co-starring as Abel. Amy Ryan, Alan Alda, Billy Magnussen, and Eve Hewson were reported to star in the film as well.[20][21] Participant Media co-produced the film.[22] Francis Gary Powers, Jr., founder of The Cold War Museum and the pilot's son, was brought on as a technical consultant and has a cameo in the film.

Filming

Principal photography began on September 8, 2014, in Brooklyn, New York City.[23] On September 14, filming took place in DUMBO, a Brooklyn neighborhood, where crews transformed Anchorage Street to appear as it did in the 1960s.[24][25] On September 15, filming took place in Astoria, between Astoria Park and Ditmars Boulevard. Filming was done on 18 Street and 26 Avenue in Astoria, where Spielberg was spotted transforming the 5 Corners Deli into a 1950s grocery store.[26][27][28] On September 26, filming took place on 44th Street in Manhattan, as evidenced by crews stationed on 44th Street, between Madison and 6th Avenues. On September 27, Hanks was spotted filming scenes on Wall Street among extras wearing 1960s costumes.[29] On September 28, filming of some day and night scenes took place on the corner of Henry Street and Love Lane in the Brooklyn Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn, where the block was set with vintage cars, street signs, rain machines, and spotlights.[30] On September 29, filming took place on Hicks Street and Pineapple Street, where a shop, Perfect Paws, was transformed into a 1960s dress shop named Brooklyn Pearl,[31] and at the NYS Appellate Division courthouse on Monroe Place and Pierrepont Street. On October 6, Hanks and the crew were spotted on the same location on Hicks Street.[32]

In early October, after filming wrapped in New York City, further production began at Babelsberg Studios in Berlin and Potsdam, Germany, and would last there through the end of November.[33][34] Filming in Berlin began with shooting at the former Tempelhof Airport in October, for scenes that actually took place there, such as Donovan's descending from an historic C-54 Skymaster.[35] A prisoner exchange scene was filmed on the Glienicke Bridge (the so-called "Bridge of Spies"), where the historical exchange actually took place in 1962.[36][37] The bridge spans the Havel narrows between Berlin and Potsdam, and was closed to traffic for filming over the last weekend of November.[38][39] German Chancellor Angela Merkel visited the set to watch the filming of these scenes.[40] Principal photography officially ended on December 4, at Berlin Tempelhof.

Shooting also took place in Wrocław, Poland, in the second half of November.[33][41] During mid-December, filming took place at Beale Air Force Base, located near Marysville, California.[42]

The movie was shot on 35mm motion picture film, including KODAK VISION3 250D Color Negative Film 5207 and KODAK Vision3 500T Color Negative Film 5219.[43]

Release

Bridge of Spies was distributed in North America by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, through its Touchstone Pictures banner.[44][45] Disney held the film's world premiere on October 4, 2015[46] at the 53rd annual New York Film Festival.[47][48] The film went into general theatrical release in the United States on October 16, 2015.[49] 20th Century Fox distributed the film in the remaining international territories.[44]

The theatrical poster for the film was released on June 4, 2015,[50] with the first trailer appearing online the following day.[51]

Home media

The film was released by Touchstone Home Entertainment on Blu-ray, DVD, and digital download in North America on February 2, 2016 and by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment in other territories.

Reception

Box office

As of February 25, 2016, Bridge of Spies has grossed $72.2 million in North America and $92.1 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $164.3 million, against a budget of $40 million.[4]

In the United States and Canada, pre-release tracking predicted Bridge of Spies to open to around $15–20 million from 2,811 theaters.[52][53] The film opened alongside Goosebumps, Crimson Peak, and Woodlawn on October 16, 2015, and also faced competition from The Martian, which was entering its third week.[54] The film made $500,000 from its early Thursday night showings and $5.3 million on its opening day.[55][56] In its opening weekend, the film grossed $15.4 million, finishing third at the box office behind Goosebumps ($23.5 million) and The Martian ($21.5 million).[57]

Its biggest international markets have been Australia and South Korea, where it made $1.3 million and $922,936 respectively on its opening weekend.[4]

Critical reception

Bridge of Spies received critical acclaim. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 92%, based on 249 reviews, with an average rating of 7.8/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Bridge of Spies finds new life in Hollywood's classic Cold War espionage thriller formula, thanks to reliably outstanding work from Steven Spielberg and Tom Hanks".[58] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 81 out of 100, based on 48 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[59] On CinemaScore, audiences gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[57]

Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun Times gave the film four out of four stars, and praised Spielberg's direction, saying: "Spielberg has taken an important but largely forgotten and hardly action-packed slice of the Cold War and turned it into a gripping character study and thriller that feels a bit like a John Le Carre adaptation if Frank Capra were at the controls".[60] Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune called the film a "a confident, slightly square, highly satisfying example of old-school Hollywood craftsmanship, starring a major movie star brandishing a briefcase, and a handkerchief, rather than a pistol".[61] The A.V. Club's Ignatiy Vishnevetsky described it as "one of the most handsome movies of Spielberg's latter-day phase, and possibly the most eloquent [...] Bridge of Spies turns a secret prisoner exchange between the CIA and the KGB into a tense and often disarmingly funny cat-and-mouse game".[62]

On the other hand, Mike Scott of New Orleans Times-Picayune, had a more mixed reaction, saying: "Bridge of Spies, with its stop-and-go momentum, is also more merely interesting than it is full-on riveting. It's still quite good stuff, but despite its impressive pedigree... it doesn't feel as if it's quite the sum of all of its parts".[63] Preston Jones of Fort Worth Star-Telegram gave the film 2 and a half stars out of five. Jones wrote that "For all Spielberg, his star-packed cast, led by Tom Hanks, and his on-screen and off-screen team (Joel and Ethan Coen co-wrote the screenplay) bring to the table, Bridge of Spies is remarkable only for how stuffy and surprisingly inert the film becomes".[64]

Accolades

Main article: List of accolades received by Bridge of Spies (film)

Soundtrack

Untitled

Frequent Spielberg collaborator John Williams was originally announced to compose the film's score. However, Williams had to drop out of production due to a health issue.[44] Thomas Newman was then contacted by Spielberg to replace Williams, marking Spielberg's first film without Williams' music since 1985's The Color Purple, which was scored by Quincy Jones.[65] Hollywood Records released the film's soundtrack on October 16, 2015.[66]

All music is composed by Thomas Newman

No.Title{{{extra_column}}}Length
1."Hall of Trade Unions, Moscow" 0:43
2."Sunlit Silence" 4:04
3."Ejection Protocol" 1:56
4."Standing Man" 2:11
5."Rain" 1:21
6."Lt. Francis Gary Powers" 3:04
7."The Article" 1:36
8."The Wall" 2:14
9."Private Citizen" 1:35
10."The Impatient Plan" 1:35
11."West Berlin" 1:12
12."Friedrichstrasse Station" 1:20
13."Glienicke Bridge" 10:51
14."Homecoming" 7:46
15."Bridge of Spies (End Title)"6:57 
Total length:48:25

See also

References

  1. ^ "BRIDGE OF SPIES (12A)". British Board of Film Classification. October 13, 2015. Retrieved October 13, 2015.
  2. ^ Debruge, Peter (October 4, 2015). "Film Review: 'Bridge of Spies'". Variety. Retrieved October 6, 2015.
  3. ^ Pamela McClintock (October 13, 2015). "Box-Office Preview: 'Goosebumps' Could Out-Spook 'Crimson Peak,' 'Bridge of Spies'". The Hollywood Reporter. (Prometheus Global Media). Retrieved October 14, 2015.
  4. ^ a b c "Bridge of Spies (2015)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  5. ^ "Bridge of Spies Press Kit". wdsmediafile.com. The Walt Disney Studios. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 14, 2015. Retrieved December 14, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ Lang, Brent (March 18, 2015). "Spielberg-Hanks Cold War Film Titled 'Bridge of Spies,' John Williams Won't Compose Score". Variety. Retrieved March 19, 2015.
  7. ^ Service, Jason Caffrey BBC World. "Gary Powers: The U-2 spy pilot the US did not love". BBC News. Retrieved January 5, 2016.
  8. ^ a b "Spielberg's Airtight "Bridge of Spies"". newyorker.com. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
  9. ^ a b c d e "Bridge of Spies". historyvshollywood.com. Retrieved December 29, 2015.
  10. ^ a b c d e "I spy dramatic licence under Bridge of Spies". theguardian.com. Retrieved December 29, 2015.
  11. ^ a b "Bridge of Spies:Goofs". imdb.com. Retrieved December 30, 2015.
  12. ^ Ehrmann, Eric (November 4, 2015). "Hooray for Hollywood!". Russian International Affairs Council. Retrieved January 15, 2016.
  13. ^ "BRIDGE OF SPIES (12A)". British Board of Film Classification. October 13, 2015. Retrieved October 13, 2015.
  14. ^ Debruge, Peter (October 4, 2015). "Film Review: 'Bridge of Spies'". Variety. Retrieved October 6, 2015.
  15. ^ a b Bloomenthal, Andrew (October 27, 2015). "Bridge of Spies: Spielberg, the Coens and Tom Hanks". Creative Screenwriting. Retrieved October 28, 2015.
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  20. ^ Bahr, Lindsey (June 16, 2014). "Steven Spielberg's Cold War thriller and 'The BFG' snag release dates". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
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  26. ^ megc. "Spielberg's "St. James Place" is Filming in Astoria". Weheartastoria.com. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
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  29. ^ "PHOTOS: Tom Hanks shoots 'St. James Place' on Wall St". nydailynews.com. September 27, 2014. Retrieved October 12, 2014.
  30. ^ Bindelglass, Evan (September 29, 2014). "Tom Hanks, Steven Spielberg Film 'St. James Place' In Brooklyn Heights". brooklynnews.net. Retrieved October 12, 2014.
  31. ^ Fink, Homer (September 29, 2014). "Spielberg Transforms Perfect Paws into a 1960s Dress Shop and He Will Make It Rain Monday Night in Brooklyn Heights". brooklynheightsblog.com. Retrieved October 12, 2014.
  32. ^ Croghan, Lore; Frost, Mary (October 7, 2014). "Tom Hanks lights up the night on Hicks Street". brooklyneagle.com. Retrieved October 12, 2014.
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  34. ^ Blaney, Martin (October 1, 2014). "Race producers plan to re-team". SCREENDAILY. Retrieved October 10, 2014.
  35. ^ "Hier wärmt sich Hanks für den Kalten Krieg auf (Tom Hanks is warming himself up here for the cold war)". BZ Berlin. October 26, 2014. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
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  40. ^ "Dreharbeiten - Merkel besucht Spielberg und Hanks auf Glienicker Brücke - Berlin - Aktuelle Nachrichten - Berliner Morgenpost" (in German). Morgenpost.de. November 28, 2014. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
  41. ^ "Spielberg to shoot spy thriller in Wroclaw". thenews.pl. October 22, 2014. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
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  43. ^ "Productions on Kodak Film | Motion Picture Film". www.kodak.com. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  44. ^ a b c Labrecque, Jeff (March 18, 2015). "Steven Spielberg's Cold War thriller gets a title, but John Williams drops out". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved March 19, 2015.
  45. ^ Keegan, Rebecca (October 9, 2015). "Spielberg, Hanks and Rylance talk about the Cold War, geopolitics and 'Bridge of Spies'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 10, 2015.
  46. ^ Hammond, Pete. "As New York Film Festival Opens, How Is Oscar Race Taking Shape?". Deadline. Retrieved September 27, 2015.
  47. ^ "Spielberg-Coens Drama 'Bridge of Spies' Gets New York Film Festival Premiere". The New York Times. Retrieved September 27, 2015.
  48. ^ Tapley, Kristopher (October 4, 2015). "'Bridge of Spies' Could Bring Steven Spielberg a Step Closer to an Oscar Record". Variety. Retrieved October 26, 2015.
  49. ^ McNary, Dave (June 16, 2014). "Tom Hanks-Steven Spielberg Cold War Thriller Set for Oct. 16, 2015". Variety. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
  50. ^ Bullock, Paul (June 6, 2015). "Bridge of Spies poster revealed". From Director Steven Spielberg. Retrieved June 6, 2015.
  51. ^ Gettell, Oliver (June 5, 2015). "'Bridge of Spies' trailer: Spielberg, Hanks tackle Cold War intrigue". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
  52. ^ "'The Martian' may lose top spot in crowded weekend at box office". latines.com.
  53. ^ Brad Brevet (October 15, 2015). "Forecast: 'Goosebumps', 'Spies' & 'Crimson Peak' Jostle for Audience Attention". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved October 16, 2015.
  54. ^ Anthony D'Alessandro (October 14, 2015). "'Goosebumps' Set To Freak Out, But 'The Martian' Could Scare It Away – Box Office Preview". Deadline.com. Retrieved October 15, 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  55. ^ Rebecca Ford (October 16, 2015). "Box Office: 'Crimson Peak' Creeps to $855K, 'Goosebumps' Raises $600K Thursday Night". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved October 16, 2015.
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  59. ^ "Bridge of Spies reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved November 25, 2015.
  60. ^ Roeper, Richard. "'BRIDGE OF SPIES': SPIELBERG FINDS THE THRILLS, ACTION IN COLD WAR CRISIS". Retrieved December 29, 2015.
  61. ^ Phillips, Michael. "'Bridge of Spies' review: I'll trade you one Soviet spy for..." Retrieved December 29, 2015.
  62. ^ "Steven Spielberg's superb Bridge Of Spies pits Tom Hanks against the Cold War". www.avclub.com. Retrieved November 17, 2015.
  63. ^ Scott, Mike. "'Bridge of Spies' movie review: Steven Spielberg, Tom Hanks reteam for Cold War drama". Retrieved December 29, 2015.
  64. ^ Jones, Preston. "Movie review: 'Bridge of Spies'". Retrieved December 29, 2015.
  65. ^ Grieving, Tim (October 17, 2015). "When John Williams Can't Go, Whom Does Spielberg Call? Thomas Newman". NPR. Retrieved October 26, 2015.
  66. ^ "'Bridge of Spies' Soundtrack Details". Film Music Reporter. September 30, 2015. Retrieved October 6, 2015.

External links

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