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List of Ohio tornadoes

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
An F4 tornado in Van Wert on November 10, 2002

Tornadoes in the U.S. state of Ohio are relatively uncommon, with roughly 16 tornadoes touching down every year since 1804, the year with the first ever event in the state.[1] Many of Ohio's tornadoes are violent, and there have been four recorded F5 or EF5 Tornadoes in Ohio's history.

Climatology

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Ohio's climate is relatively mild, and is only ideal for the formation of tornadoes in certain parts of the year, especially February and March. Warm air from the Southern United States can reach up into the Ohio Valley, resulting in tornadic storms. Ohio's proximity to Lake Erie also results in cold air moving toward the Ohio Valley, creating the "hot-cold" effect seen in the traditional Tornado Alley.[2] Ohio has had large tornado outbreaks, the most notable being the 1974 Super Outbreak.[1][2]

Events

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FU F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
1 0 0 3 4 3 0
Damage from the June 28, 1924 Lorain-Sandusky F4 tornado

Pre-1950

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  • August 1804 – The first-ever confirmed tornado touched down in Geauga County at an unknown intensity.[1]
  • March 28, 1920 – An F4 tornado touched down in Wells County in Indiana, before crossing the Indiana-Ohio state line into Paulding County.[3] Several homes were destroyed, and a small store was hit, killing 6. It also moved through Fulton County, hitting Swanton, completely destroying multiple small businesses and homes. In total, 23 were killed, 54 were injured, and the tornado caused an estimated $1,000,000 (1920 USD) in damages. Another F4 tornado touched down in Jay County in Indiana, before tracking into Mercer and Van Wert counties. The tornado killed 17 and injured 70, and multiple houses were completely destroyed.[4] An FU tornado touched down in Grand Lake St. Marys, causing only minor damage and injuring several hikers.[3] A tornado touched down near Bowling Green, inflicting F2 damage to an estimated 36 homes and killing 2 people.[3] An F3 tornado that initially formed and touched down in Wayne County in Indiana crossed the state line into Darke County, killing 5 and destroying 6 barns.[3] A large and extremely violent F4 tornado caused extensive damage to Randolph County in Indiana before crossing into Darke County, killing 8 people who were sheltering in homes and causing an estimated $1,000,000 (1920 USD) in damages.[4]
  • June 28, 1924 – Multiple tornadoes touched down across northern Ohio, including two unrated tornadoes in Erie County and one in Portage County.[5] An extremely powerful and violent F4 tornado hit Sandusky and Lorain, killing 85 and injuring over 300. The tornado destroyed bridges and homes in its path, and caused an estimated $12 million (1920 USD) in damages to roads and other structures.[6][7]
  • June 23, 1944 – A relatively brief and weak F2 tornado tracked through Portage County, inflicting damage to crops and houses. Several livestock were killed, but no injuries were reported.[8]
FU F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
0 0 1 1 2 1 0
Damage from the April, 1965 F4 tornado in Toldeo

1950–1959

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  • June 27, 1951 – A strong F2 tornado tracked through Butler County, hitting Jacksonburg and causing an estimated $2.5 million (1951 USD) in damages.[9]
  • May 24, 1952 – A brief F1 tornado was observed by multiple people as it tracked into Bedford, dest roying road signs and heavily damaging houses.[10]
  • June 8, 1953 – An extremely powerful and long-tracked F4 tornado tracked through Henry, Wood, Sandusky, Erie, Lorain and Cuyahoga counties, destroying an estimated 110 homes and killing 17 people.[11]
  • November 15, 1955 – A long-tracked F3 tornado moved through Randolph County in Indiana before crossing into Darke County, damaging houses and injuring 8. The tornado caused $2.52 million (1955 USD) in damages.[12]
  • February 10, 1959 – An intense F3 tornado hit Sugar Tree Ridge, destroying 12 farms.[13] A vehicle that took a direct hit from the tornado was thrown over 75 yards away, and a house caught fire as the tornado downed power lines.[14] 6 people were injured, and the tornado caused $250,000 (1959 USD) in damages.[15]
FU F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
1+ 10+ 12 4 3 9 1

1960–1969

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  • April 25, 1961 – A violent and long-tracked F4 tornado caused extensive damage in Western Indiana before crossing the state line into Preble County, destroying homes and other structures.[16] 7 were injured and the tornado caused $12.5 million (1961 USD) in damages.[17] A strong F2 tornado touched down in Blanchester, tracking through Clinton County. Two people were killed in separate barns near Martinsville, and 4 others were injured.[18]
  • May 6, 1961 – A long-tracked and violent F3 tornado tore through Steuben County in Indiana before crossing into Williams County. Homes and crops were destroyed, and five people were injured.[19]
  • May 8, 1961 – An F1 tornado touched down in Bethel, before damaging roofs and trees near White Oak. The tornado caused $2,500 (1961 USD) in damages, but caused no injuries. A multi-vortex tornado inflicted F1 damage to Tuscarawas, downing power lines and heavily damaging outbuildings and causing $25,000 (1961 USD) in damages.[20]
  • May 9, 1961 – A brief F1 tornado caused damage to a movie theater in Warsaw, and multiple barns were destroyed in rural Coshocton County.[21]
  • May 23, 1962 – A small but strong F1 tornado hit Aurora, destroying various buildings and causing a large power outage. The tornado caused an estimated $250,000 (1962 USD) in damages, but nobody was injured.[22]
  • May 26, 1962 – A brief F2 tornado tracked through Ross County, damaging a Y Drive Inn, two restaurants, and a service station. The tornado caused $25,000 (1962 USD) in damages, and no injuries were reported.[23]
  • April 11, 1965 – A violent F4 tornado initially touched down in Blackford and Adams counties in Indiana before crossing the state line into Mercer County, destroying an estimated 15 homes while killing 4 people. 125 people were injured and the tornado caused $52.750 million (1965 USD) in damages. Another F4 tornado tracked through Allen and Hancock counties, destroying farms and outbuildings.[24] 13 people were killed, 104 were injured and the tornado inflicted $2.7 million (1965 USD) in damages.[25] Shortly after the Allen-Hancock tornado had lifted, another F4 tornado touched down in Lucas County, flipping over a bus in Toledo and killing 5 people. 50 homes were destroyed and vehicles were tossed hundreds of yards as the tornado crossed into Monroe County in Michigan. In total, 18 people were killed and 237 were injured.[26] An F4 tornado tracked through Shelby County, impacting farms in mainly rural areas but killing 3 people. 2 were injured when the tornado flipped over a trailer.[26] An F3 tornado moved through Seneca County, destroying four homes and killing 4 people.[27] A violent F4 tornado hit near Pittsfield, destroying multiple homes and other structures while killing 18 people.[28] The tornado was estimated to have caused $50,000 (1965 USD) in damages.[29] A brief F1 tornado touched down in Eaton, damaging a building.[30] Another brief F1 tornado tracked through Medina County, heavily damaging multiple homes and injuring 6 people.[31] A long-tracked F2 tornado moved through Union, Delaware and Morrow counties, destroying an estimated 25 homes and killing 4 farmers.[32] A brief F1 tornado caused minor damage in areas near Cedarville, and no injuries were reported.[33]
  • April 12, 1965 – A long-tracked F1 tornado moved through Pickaway, Fairfield and Perry counties, destroying 12 mobile homes and injuring 13 people.[34] The tornado caused an estimated $750,000 (1965 USD) in damages.[34] A brief F1 tornado also touched down in Cadiz, causing minor damage to various buildings.[35]
  • April 23, 1968 – A long-tracked and intense F4 tornado tracked through Pendleton and Bracken counties in Kentucky, before crossing the state line into Brown County. Many homes were destroyed, and a farm was obliterated in Adams County.[36] 6 people were killed and 364 were injured, and the tornado had F5 windspeeds at various points during its lifetime.[37] Another large F4 tornado touched down near Glen Este, destroying 35 homes, 50 barns, and killing one person.[38] The tornado caused a total of $7.5 million (1968 USD) in damages.[39] A brief F1 tornado also touched down near Fayette, downing power lines and damaging trees.[40] Another F1 tornado caused extensive damage in Licking County, causing $250,000 (1968 USD) in damages but injuring nobody.[41] An F2 tornado tracked through Scioto County, directly impacting the Greater Portsmouth Regional Airport and damaging 12 aircraft.[42] One person was injured and the tornado caused an estimated $250,000 (1968 USD) in damages.[42] A long-tracked F5[43] tornado touched down in Greenup County in Kentucky before crossing state lines into Scioto and Lawrence counties. The tornado killed 7 people, and injured a further 93.[44]
  • May 15, 1968 – A brief F1 tornado touched down near Wooster, damaging farms and crops.[45] Another F2 tornado touched down nearby, damaging various barns and outbuildings.[46]
FU F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
10+ 15+ 7+ 5 3 1 2
An F5 tornado in Xenia, Ohio on April 3, 1974

1970–1979

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  • June 12, 1970 – A brief F0 tornado touched down in Ashland County, causing little damage.
  • June 14, 1970 – A small F1 tornado destroyed a barn and a tool shed in Ross County, but no in juries were reported.
  • February 22, 1971 – A relatively short-tracked F2 tornado moved through Fayette and Pickaway counties, destroying barns and heavily damaging crop fields.[47] An intense F3 tornado touched down in Franklin County, moving through eastern Columbus and causing $2.8 million (1971 USD) in damages.[48]
  • April 3, 1974An extremely violent and intense F5 tornado hit Xenia, killing 34 people and injuring an estimated 1,150 people. Much of Xenia was completely destroyed, and the tornado was estimated to have caused $250 million (1974 USD) in damages.[49] An F2 tornado hit London, destroying a grain silo before lifting.[49] Another extremely violent F5 tornado initially touched down in Ohio County in Indiana, before tracking into Kentucky and then crossing state lines into Hamilton County. 3 people were killed, and multiple homes were destroyed.[49] An F4 tornado moved through Cincinnati, destroying various structure in the northern portion of the city and killing 2 people.[49] An F2 tornado hit Lebanon, destroying multiple mobile homes but causing no injuries. Another F2[50] tornado hit New Albany, damaging 20 homes and destroying 3 barns. An F1 tornado moved through Circleville, causing little damage.[50] An F2 tornado in Continental damaged multiple mobile homes, and 2 barns were destroyed.[50] An F3 tornado killed one person near West Union, and injured four others.[50] An F1 tornado tracked through Brown and Adams counties, causing minor damage to rural outbuildings and crops.[50] An F3 tornado hit Paulding, destroying 5 mobile homes but injuring nobody.[50] An F1 tornado that briefly impacted Melrose destroyed a mobile home, and another F1 tornado directly south of Paulding caused minor damage.[50] An F1 tornado in Aberdeen caused minor damage to crops, but was unconfirmed and may have been a brief downburst.[50]
  • April 1, 1974 – A brief F0 tornado touched down in Greenville, causing minor damage to a television antenna.[51]
FU F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
1+ 5+ 8 12 2 2 1

1980–1989

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  • Damage from the Portage County F5 tornado on May 31, 1985
    June 2, 1980 – An F1 tornado in Hamilton County damaged houses, and injured 15 people.[52] Another F2 tornado impacted areas near Oak Hill and Patriot, damaging 2 homes and destroying 7 barns.[53]
  • May 31, 1985 – An F4 tornado downed trees and power lines in Ashtabula County before moving into Erie County in Pennsylvania. The tornado would go on to kill 12 people in Cranesville, Pennsylvania. A strong F3 tornado damaged over 40 homes in Bundysburg, and several vehicles were heavily damaged. Another strong and violent F4 tornado hit Trumbull County, downing trees at F0 and F1 intensity before rapidly intensifying on the Ohio-Pennsylvania border. The tornado would go on to kill 18 people in Pennsylvania and caused an estimated $5,000,000 (1985 USD) in damages. An F2 tornado hit Dorset, before crossing the state border into Pennsylvania. No injuries were reported, but the tornado destroyed several homes. An extremely powerful F5 tornado touched down in Portage County, before crossing the Ohio-Pennsylvania border, killing 18 people. Most of the damage was centered in Pennsylvania, but small trees were uprooted on the Ohio side of the border. An F1 tornado touched down briefly near London, inflicting damage to crops and trees, while a strong F3 tornado tracked through Licking and Coshocton counties, killing one person and causing an estimated $5,000,000 (1985 USD) in damages to several homes and other structures. A long-tracked F2 tornado moved through Columbiana County, damaging farms, crops and uprooting several trees. A strong F1 tornado touched down in Frazeysburg, and tracked 11 miles, damaging trees, buildings and other structures in its path. 2 brief F1 tornadoes caused minor damage in Stark and Adams counties.
  • March 10, 1986 – A brief but strong FF2 tornado touched down near Maud, damaging multiple homes and other structures.[54] An F1 tornado tracked through St. Henry, uprooting trees and inflicting minor damage to homes and other structures.[55] An F2 tornado developed and touched down directly above Wilmington, causing intense damage to structures and injuring 10 people.[56] A long-tracked F2 tornado impacted Sabina, causing damage to houses and businesses. Power lines were downed and crop fields were destroyed before the tornado lifted. In total, 10 people were injured. An F1 tornado tracked through areas around Wyandot, damaging outbuildings and other rural structures. A relatively short-lived F2 tornado damaged Ripley and the outskirts of Russellville, and a strong F2 tornado killed one person in Huron County and damaged multiple homes. Another strong F2 tornado hit Norwich, killing one person who was sheltering in a poorly-built home and injuring 3 others. The tornado damaged multiple structures and uprooted trees.

1990-1999

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  • November 22, 1992 – An F3 tornado tracked through Preble and Darke counties, destroying an estimated 30 buildings and injuring 21 people.[57] A brief F1 tornado also touched down near Eastwood, damaging 10 outbuildings and flipping a small mobile home.[58]
FU F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
0 0 0 1 0 1 0

2000–2009

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  • November 10, 2002 – An extremely powerful and violent F4 tornado hit the communities of Van Wert and Roselms, killing 4 people and injuring 17 others. The tornado destroyed multiple homes and businesses, and uprooted trees.
  • April 28, 2002 – A strong F2 tornado touched down in Crystal Springs, destroying 300 houses and damaging a middle school. The tornado downed over 1,000 trees, but no injuries were reported.
EFU EF0 EF1 EF2 EF3 EF4 EF5
1 1 2 1 0 1 0

2010–2019

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  • June 5, 2010 – A brief EF0 tornado touched down in Richland County, destroying a barn and causing minor damage to crops. An EF1 tornado tracked through Holmes and Tuscarawas counties, damaging 20 structures and uprooting trees. An EF2 tornado impacted areas around Liberty Center, damaging houses and downing power lines. An EF1 tornado was documented near Whitehouse, and it inflicted roof damage to multiple houses before lifting. A violent EF4 tornado tracked through Wood and Ottawa counties, destroying up to 60 houses and damaging hundreds of other structures. Lake High School was destroyed, and 7 people were killed. The tornado was estimated to have caused $102.4 million (2010 USD) in damages.
EFU EF0 EF1 EF2 EF3 EF4 EF5
4 3+ 10+ 5+ 2 2 0

2020–present

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  • EF3 damage in Fryburg on March 15, 2024
    March 14, 2024 – An EF3 tornado hit the Lakeview area, killing 3 people and injuring 27 others.[59] A strong EF1 tornado touched down near Wapakoneta, moving through Auglaize County but injuring nobody.[60] An EFU tornado briefly touched down near Vanlue, causing no damage.[61] An EF3 tornado that initially touched down in Indiana moved into Darke and Miami counties, killing one person and injuring 39 others.[62] An EF2 tornado also damaged structures in Shiloh.[63] A strong EF2 tornado damaged several homes in Broadway,[64] and an EF1 tornado Delaware and Licking counties destroyed farm equipment.[65]
  • April 2, 2024 – A strong EF1 tornado crossed state lines from Kentucky into Lawrence County, damaging housrs and other buildings while downing power lines. One person was injured, and the tornado was originally classified as a downburst. 2 more EF1 tornadoes touched down in Lawrence County, both of which uprooted trees and damaged small structures. A brief but strong EF1 tornado damaged trees directly north of Pea Ridge, West Virginia, and an EF1 tornado uprooted multiple large hardwood trees outside of Crown City. An EF1 tornado tracked through areas near Manchester, causing extreme damage to large trees and power lines. An EF0 tornado touched down briefly in Gratiot before lifting, causing minimal damage. A relatively weak EF1 tornado touched down briefly near Zanesville, destroying a shed and various other small structures. A brief but strong EF2 tornado hit Jackson, damaging a house and uprooting multiple trees. An EF0 and EF1 tornado touched down in Muskingum County, both causing little damage, A brief EF1 tornado also tracked through New Concord, and multiple trees were snapped or uprooted.

References

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  1. ^ a b c "Summary of Ohio tornadoes". November 1975.
  2. ^ a b "Ohio - Humid, Temperate, Continental | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2024-05-21.
  3. ^ a b c d "Northwest Ohio Is Swept By Tornado; 19 Known Dead". Toledo Blade. Press Pool. March 30, 1920.
  4. ^ a b Mitchell, Charles L. (April 1920). "Tornadoes of March 28, in Northeastern Illinois". Monthly Weather Review. 28 (4). Chicago, Illinois: United States Weather Bureau: 191–196. Bibcode:1920MWRv...48..191M. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1920)48<191b:TOMINI>2.0.CO;2.Open access icon
  5. ^ 1924: Lorain Tornado Archived 2008-03-19 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ 1924: Lorain Tornado Archived 2008-03-19 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ Schmidlin, Thomas W.; Schmidlin, Jeanne Appelhans (9 August 1996). Thunder in the Heartland: A Chronicle of Outstanding Weather Events in Ohio. Kent State University Press. pp. 254–258. ISBN 9780873385497. Retrieved 15 March 2019 – via Google Books.
  8. ^ Grazulis, Significant Tornadoes, 915.
  9. ^ Ohio Event Report: F1 Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Information (Report). National Weather Service. Retrieved 22 October 2021.
  10. ^ Ohio Event Report: F1 Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Information (Report). National Weather Service. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  11. ^ "WESTSIDE TORNADO OF 1953 | Encyclopedia of Cleveland History | Case Western Reserve University". case.edu. 2021-01-01. Retrieved 2024-05-21.
  12. ^ Ohio Event Report: F3 Tornado. National Weather Service (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  13. ^ "Ohio Event Report: F3 Tornado". National Weather Service. National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  14. ^ Grazulis, Thomas P. (July 1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680–1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. p. 1018. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
  15. ^ "The Press-Gazette from Hillsboro, Ohio on February 13, 1959 · Page 1". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 22 July 2020."The Press-Gazette from Hillsboro, Ohio on February 13, 1959 · Page 2". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  16. ^ "Indiana Tornadoes: April 25, 1961 Tornado". Indiana Tornadoes. 25 April 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  17. ^ Ohio Event Report: F4 Tornado. National Weather Service (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
  18. ^ Ohio Event Report: F2 Tornado. National Weather Service (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
  19. ^ Ohio Event Report: F3 Tornado. National Weather Service (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  20. ^ Ohio Event Report: F1 Tornado. National Weather Service (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  21. ^ Ohio Event Report: F1 Tornado. National Weather Service (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  22. ^ "Storm Events Database - Event Details | National Centers for Environmental Information". www.ncdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-21.
  23. ^ "Storm Events Database - Event Details | National Centers for Environmental Information". www.ncdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-21.
  24. ^ National Weather Service (August 2020). Ohio Event Report: F4 Tornado. Storm Events Database (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  25. ^ National Weather Service (August 2020). Ohio Event Report: F4 Tornado. Storm Events Database (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  26. ^ a b National Weather Service (August 2020). Ohio Event Report: F4 Tornado. Storm Events Database (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  27. ^ National Weather Service (August 2020). Ohio Event Report: F3 Tornado. Storm Events Database (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  28. ^ "Tornado Rips County, 17 Die, 94 Injured". The Journal. No. 244. Lorain, Ohio. April 12, 1965.
  29. ^ Naftel, Blake (3 April 2005). "The Palm Sunday Tornado Outbreak - April 11, 1965". The Palm Sunday Outbreak. Kalamazoo, Michigan: Western Michigan University. Archived from the original on 8 April 2005. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  30. ^ National Weather Service (August 2020). Ohio Event Report: F1 Tornado. Storm Events Database (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  31. ^ National Weather Service (August 2020). Ohio Event Report: F1 Tornado. Storm Events Database (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  32. ^ National Weather Service (August 2020). Ohio Event Report: F2 Tornado. Storm Events Database (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  33. ^ National Weather Service (August 2020). Ohio Event Report: F1 Tornado. Storm Events Database (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  34. ^ a b National Weather Service (August 2020). Ohio Event Report: F1 Tornado. Storm Events Database (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  35. ^ National Weather Service (August 2020). Ohio Event Report: F1 Tornado. Storm Events Database (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  36. ^ "Tornadoes of 1968". Louisville, KY Weather Forecast Office. Louisville, Kentucky: National Weather Service. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
  37. ^ "Tornadoes of 1968". Louisville, KY Weather Forecast Office. Louisville, Kentucky: National Weather Service. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
  38. ^ Storm Data Publication 1968, #10083177
  39. ^ Storm Data Publication 1968, #10083172
  40. ^ Storm Data Publication 1968, #10083173
  41. ^ Storm Data Publication 1968, #10083183
  42. ^ a b Storm Data Publication 1968, #10083184
  43. ^ Storm Data Publication 1968, #10083187
  44. ^ Storm Data Publication 1968, #10083190
  45. ^ Grazulis, Thomas P (July 1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991. St. Johnsbury, VT: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
  46. ^ Grazulis, Thomas P (July 1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991. St. Johnsbury, VT: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
  47. ^ Storm Data Publication 1971, #10086663
  48. ^ Storm Data Publication 1971, #10086664
  49. ^ a b c d "April 3, 1974 Xenia Tornado Memorial Marker". Retrieved 12 December 2013.
  50. ^ a b c d e f g h "April 3–4, 1974 Super Outbreak". National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). 2024-04-03. Retrieved 2024-05-21.
  51. ^ Ohio Event Report: F0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. Retrieved 23 April 2017. {{cite report}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
  52. ^ "June 2, 1980 Tornadoes". Tornado History Projects. Storm Predicition Center. Archived from the original on 24 July 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  53. ^ Grazulis, Thomas P. (July 1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
  54. ^ "Tornado History Project: March 10, 1986". Archived from the original on 2017-10-16. Retrieved 2017-06-07.
  55. ^ "Tornado History Project: March 10, 1986". Archived from the original on 2017-10-16. Retrieved 2017-06-07.
  56. ^ "Tornado History Project: March 10, 1986". Archived from the original on 2017-10-16. Retrieved 2017-06-07.
  57. ^ "Storm Events Database - Event Details | National Centers for Environmental Information". www.ncdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-22.
  58. ^ "Storm Events Database - Event Details | National Centers for Environmental Information". www.ncdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-22.
  59. ^ National Weather Service Wilmington, Ohio. "NWS DAMAGE SURVEY FOR 03/14/2024 TORNADO EVENT". Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  60. ^ National Weather Service Wilmington, Ohio. "NWS DAMAGE SURVEY FOR 03/14/2024 TORNADO EVENT". Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  61. ^ National Weather Service Wilmington, Ohio. "NWS DAMAGE SURVEY FOR 03/14/2024 TORNADO EVENT". Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  62. ^ National Weather Service Wilmington, Ohio. "NWS DAMAGE SURVEY FOR 03/14/2024 TORNADO EVENT". Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  63. ^ National Weather Service Wilmington, Ohio. "NWS DAMAGE SURVEY FOR 03/14/2024 TORNADO EVENT". Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  64. ^ National Weather Service Wilmington, Ohio. "NWS DAMAGE SURVEY FOR 03/14/2024 TORNADO EVENT". Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  65. ^ National Weather Service Wilmington, Ohio. "NWS DAMAGE SURVEY FOR 03/14/2024 TORNADO EVENT". Retrieved 19 March 2024.