Eyewitness News
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Eyewitness News is a style of news broadcasting that is used by local television stations in different markets around the world. It refers to a particular style of television newscast with an emphasis on visual elements and action video. It replaced the traditional "man-on-camera" newscast.[1]
History
Pioneered by Westinghouse
The earliest known use of the Eyewitness News name in American television was in April 1959 when KYW-TV - at the time, based in Cleveland, Ohio and owned by Westinghouse Broadcasting - launched the nation's first 90-minute local newscast (under the title Eyewitness), which was combined with the then 15-minute national newscast.[1] The name was then adopted for use by Westinghouse's other television stations – KPIX in San Francisco, California; WJZ-TV in Baltimore, Maryland; WBZ-TV in Boston, Massachusetts and KDKA-TV in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania – for their local newscasts.
After the KYW-TV call letters, management, and some staffers moved from Cleveland to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1965 (the result of a government-ordered reversal of a 1956 station swap involving it and Cleveland's WNBK (the current day WKYC) between Westinghouse and NBC) its then-news director, Al Primo, created the Eyewitness News format.[1] In this format, which was meant to be faster in pace than the standard newscast format (in which an anchor simply read headlines), a reporter in the field would be the "eyewitness" to a news event to the anchor in the studio and the viewer at home. The anchors became personalities instead of presenters with the introduction of banter, or "happy talk" as it was named by Al Primo. Anchors would give their own personal comments in between stories to let viewers know their personalities.[1]
Primo used the cue 007 from the 1963 film From Russia with Love as the musical theme. The format quickly became a hit in Philadelphia and allowed KYW-TV to surge past longtime leader WCAU-TV for first place, a position it kept on and off until the late 1970s. KYW-TV's success spawned rival station WFIL-TV to develop the Action News format to compete with it (after NBC was ordered to re-assume control of its Cleveland broadcasting properties in 1965, the Eyewitness News name left that city until WEWS-TV adopted it for its newscasts in the 1970s).
KYW-TV used the name and format until 1991 and re-adopted it in 1998. All five major stations owned by Westinghouse prior to its 1996 acquisition of CBS have used Eyewitness News as their newscast title at some point in time; KYW-TV and WJZ-TV continue to do so. It was a common theme for their local newscast since the CBS logo is shaped like an eye, although until 1995 only KDKA-TV and KPIX were affiliated with CBS.
Expansion to ABC
In 1968, Primo moved to WABC-TV in New York City and took the Eyewitness News concept there with him, choosing music from the 1967 Paul Newman film Cool Hand Luke – the "Tar Sequence" cue (composed by Lalo Schifrin) – as the theme. However, he added a new twist at WABC-TV – light, informal-sounding conversation among the anchors between the news stories and segments, which came to be known as "happy talk". Among the newscasters in the first wave of happy talk on WABC-TV was young reporter Geraldo Rivera, a comical and entertaining weatherman in Tex Antoine, and Bill Beutel and Roger Grimsby as anchormen of contrasting yet complementing styles. WABC-TV has kept the name and format since then, and has been the highest-rated station in New York City for much of that time.
The format, as modified by WABC-TV, was copied by many other stations in the United States, with four other stations owned and operated by ABC – KABC-TV in Los Angeles, WLS-TV in Chicago, WXYZ-TV in Detroit and KGO-TV in San Francisco – using both the format and the Cool Hand Luke theme (in the case of KGO, since KPIX was already using the Eyewitness News name, KGO titled its newscasts as Channel 7 NewsScene in 1969 and by 1983 simply Channel 7 News, while WXYZ used the Action News name since rival WJBK-TV was using the Eyewitness News name for its newscasts; KABC and WLS were free to use the Eyewitness News name as did WABC-TV). Ironically, WPVI, which developed the Action News format, is also now an ABC owned-and-operated station.
In addition, U.S. Spanish-language stations also use their own version of Eyewitness News, called Noticias de Primera Plana (Headline News, a concept translation in Spanish of Eyewitness News) on certain owned-and-operated stations of Spanish networks.
A separate, but mostly unrelated, Eyewitness News format was developed by Irv Weinstein in Buffalo, New York for WKBW-TV. This format was mostly based not on the original Eyewitness News (though it used the same logo; in actuality, a slightly modified version of it) but rather on the Action News format of its sister stations in the Capital Cities Communications stable. While based on Action News's brief and numerous reports, Weinstein built his Eyewitness News newscast around attention-grabbing catchphrases and alliterative headlines, along with occasional wisecracking or sarcastic one-liners about the day's news stories.
This version of Eyewitness News was used on WKBW as well as other Capital Cities stations where the Action News name was in use by another station, such as WTVD in Durham, North Carolina. It was also used on a few stations not owned by Capital Cities, including WOKR (now WHAM-TV) in Rochester, New York.
Outside the United States
In Mexico and other Hispanic American countries during the 1970s and 1980s, some local newscasts also used the Eyewitness News format, under the names Noticias de Primera Plana (Headline News) and Noticias de Acción (Action News).
The title was used in Canada, on CTV affiliate CFRN-TV in Edmonton.
In Japan, TV Tokyo branded its newscasts as Eyewitness News, but abbreviated as EyeNews.
In Indonesia, Metro TV branded its newscasts as iWitness, and abbreviated as Eyewitness. It has since become one of the featured segments on the daytime news program Wide Shot.
In Australia, BTQ-7 in Brisbane adopted the Eyewitness News branding in the early 1970s. The branding was also employed by NWS-9 in Adelaide for its evening newscast. TEN-10 in Sydney and ATV-0 in Melbourne, the principal stations of Network Ten, adopted the Eyewitness News branding in the mid-1970s and it was later adopted by other stations in the Network Ten group (SAS-10 (later SAS-7) in 1976 and TVQ-0 (later TVQ-10) in 1978) as BTQ-7 and NWS-9 later relinquished the brand. Regional affiliates for Network Ten including CTC-7 in Canberra (Ten Capital Eyewitness News, formerly Capital 7 Eyewitness News, Capital Television Eyewitness News and Ten National News), Southern Cross Network in Victoria (Southern Cross/TV8 Eyewitness News formerly TV8 Newshour), and QTV in Townsville (QTV Eyewitness News and later Ten North Queensland Eyewitness News), also used the Eyewitness News name. The Australian version of Eyewitness News more closely resembled Weinstein's version than the original format, but it became one of the ratings winners in the 1980s due to its one-hour duration unlike other newscasts. Network Ten dropped the use of the Eyewitness News name in September 1988 (but retained it in Brisbane until October 31, 1988 on TVQ-10) but later reinstated it in July 1989 for six months, and then again in January 1991 for four more years, this time using its present logo. Network Ten reinstated the "Eyewitness News" branding once again on September 16, 2013.
In South Africa, Eyewitness News is used by Eyewitness News, located in Johannesburg and in Cape Town.[2] It is also used by Talk Radio 702 and 94.7 Highveld Stereo in Gauteng, 567 CapeTalk and 94.5 Kfm in Cape Town.
United States stations that use or have used the Eyewitness News format or name
- 1Indicates station was originally owned by Westinghouse Broadcasting and now is owned-and-operated by CBS
- 2Indicates station is owned-and-operated by ABC
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Music package
Eyewitness News is also the name of a syndicated news music package, composed by Frank Gari, founder of music production firm Gari Media Group (formerly Gari Communications).
Beginning in 1968, ABC owned-and-operated stations in major markets had used the Cool Hand Luke "Tar Sequence" theme for their newscasts. In 1983, these stations started using News Series 2000, an updated version of the original Schifrin theme, composed by Gari, that had been originally commissioned by WLS-TV in Chicago.
However, in the early 1990s, Schifrin raised his royalties for using the Cool Hand Luke "Tar Sequence" music and its variations to a level that effectively priced the theme out of the local news market. As a result, in 1994, Gari was commissioned by ABC's New York City flagship WABC-TV to compose a new music package called Eyewitness News. This new package, based slightly on the "Tar Sequence" theme, has been updated several times. WABC-TV currently uses the Series 4 version, which was specifically updated for the station in 1999.
Besides being used in America, the Eyewitness News music package has also been licensed for use overseas. Hong Kong Cable News uses the theme for its morning newscast, while POP TV in Slovenia has used it for its main newscasts. It is also used by Nine Network in Australia and its owned-and-operated stations for their newscasts. Its rival network, Network Ten, used "Move Closer to Your World" as the theme for the Eyewitness News newscasts on its stations except for TVQ-0 in Brisbane, from 1976 to 1988 (Network Ten did not reach Perth until May 26, 1988), a record twelve years before the theme music was changed to reflect the full reach of the network across Australia's five major cities. By then, Frank Gari's "Turn To News", Ten's then news theme in both Brisbane (in 1986) and later in Adelaide (in early 1987), was adopted by Ten's stations in Melbourne, Sydney, and later in Perth that year.
Another news theme, "Team to Watch", used by KNXT-TV (now KCBS-TV) in Los Angeles in the 1980s, was used as the Ten News update theme on almost all its stations, and in the mid-1980s became the Eyewitness News theme on TEN-10 Sydney. Presently, Ten Eyewitness News uses the current theme music first used in 1995, when it was renamed Ten News.
A station using the Eyewitness News music package might not necessarily use the Eyewitness News title for its newscasts, and vice versa. For example, WXYZ-TV in Detroit uses the music package, but uses the Action News format and branding, and in 2006 KGO-TV started using the "Eyewitness News" package but brands its newscasts as ABC 7 News.
In 2005, Gari Communications renamed the "Eyewitness News: New Generation" news package to the "ABC O&O News Collection", as the packages are now only commissable by ABC owned-and-operated stations and affiliates. Despite this, many still refer to the package as "Eyewitness News". In Buffalo, New York, "Move Closer to Your World" is known as the Eyewitness News theme; it has been used by WKBW-TV from 1972 to 2003, and again since 2008.
United States stations that use or have used Eyewitness News music package
| DMA# | DMA Name | Station | Affiliation | Years Used | Other Notes |
| 1. | New York City, New York | WABC-TV | ABC | 1994–present | First station to commission Series 1 in 1994 and Series 4 in 1999, Commissioned New Generation 3 (exclusively for WABC) in 2010. |
| 2. | Los Angeles, California | KABC-TV | ABC | 1995–present | First station to commission Series 1 in 1995 and New Generation Series 1 in 2006 after starting high definition broadcasts. Also commissioned New Generation 1 in 2007 and New Generation 2 in 2008. |
| KDOC-TV | Independent | 2014–present | 7 p.m. newscast is produced by KABC | ||
| 3. | Chicago, Illinois | WLS-TV | ABC | 2013–present | Commissioned Series 1 and New Generation 2 in 2013; used for morning newscasts. Gari's "Stimulus (formerly "News Series 2000 Plus") New Generation 2", originally commissioned for WLS, is used for all other newscasts. |
| 5. | San Francisco, California | KGO-TV | ABC | 2006–present | Commissioned New Generation Series 1 |
| KOFY-TV | Independent | 2007–present | 9 p.m. newscast is produced by KGO | ||
| 8. | Washington, DC | WJLA-TV | ABC | 2006–2015 | Commissioned New Generation Series 1 in 2006 and started using Series 1 for breaking news after starting HD newscasts in December 2008 |
| 10. | Houston, Texas | KTRK-TV | ABC | 1995–present | Commissioned Series 1 and 2 in 1995, Series 5 and New Generation Series 1 in 2006 |
| 11. | Detroit, Michigan | WKBD-TV | The CW (formerly UPN) | 2002–2004 | Aired a 10 p.m. newscast produced by WXYZ |
| WXYZ-TV | ABC | 2001–2009 | Commissioned New Generation Series 2 only for its opens and bumpers, but uses Series 4 for closes. Also used New Generation 1 for promos of its 5pm and 11pm newscasts. Also commissioned Series 1 for opens and Series 3 for bumpers in 2001 | ||
| 12. | Tampa-St. Petersburg, Florida | WFTS | ABC | 2007–2009 | Commissioned Series 1 for IDs, Series 4 for weather stingers, and New Generation Series 1 and 2 |
| 13. | Phoenix, Arizona | KNXV-TV | ABC | 2007–2009 | Commissioned Series 1 and New Generation Series 1 after starting high definition broadcasts |
| 17. | Cleveland, Ohio | WEWS-TV | ABC | 2007–2009 | Commissioned New Generation Series 1 after starting high definition broadcasts, used New Generation Series 1 for opens and talent rejoins |
| 18. | Denver, Colorado | KMGH-TV | ABC | 1995–1997 and 2006–2012 | Commissioned Series 2 in 1995 after the 3-way affiliation change with KCNC and KUSA, and New Generation Series 1 in 2006 |
| 19. | Orlando, Florida | WFTV | ABC | 1995–1997 and 2006–2009 | Commissioned Series 2 in 1995 and New Generation Series 1 in 2006, used Series 3 for weather alerts |
| WRDQ | Independent | 2007–present | Newscasts produced by WFTV | ||
| 21. | St. Louis, Missouri | KTVI | Fox | 1995–1998 | Commissioned Series 2 after the affiliation switch with KDNL. |
| 25. | Indianapolis, Indiana | WRTV (channel 6.1) | ABC | 2004–2012 | Commissioned Series 3 in 2004, New Generation Series 1 in 2006, and first station to commission New Generation Series 3 in 2008 after starting high definition newscasts |
| 6 News 24/7 (formerly NewsChannel 64 – WRTV-DT 6.2) | Local news | 2004–2012 | 24 hour cable news channel produced by WRTV | ||
| 28. | San Diego, California | KGTV | ABC | 2006–2012 | Commissioned New Generation Series 1 in 2006 and New Generation Series 2 in 2008 |
| 29. | Raleigh, North Carolina and Durham, North Carolina | WTVD | ABC | 1995–present | Commissioned Series 2 in 1995, Series 1 in 2000, Series 3 in 2005, Series 4 in 2006 and New Generation Series 1 in 2007 |
| WLFL | The CW (formerly The WB) | 2006–present | 10 p.m. newscast is produced by WTVD | ||
| 43. | Las Vegas, Nevada | KTNV-TV | ABC | 2003–2011 | Commissioned Series 4 in 2003, New Generation Series 1 in 2006, and New Generation Series 2 in 2008 after starting high definition broadcasts |
| 51. | New Bedford, Massachusetts and Providence, Rhode Island | WNAC | Fox | 2002–2004 | Newscast produced by sister station WPRI |
| WPRI | CBS | 2002–2004 | Commissioned Series 2 and 3 | ||
| 58. | Dayton, Ohio | WDTN | NBC (formerly ABC) | 2002–2004 | WDTN commissioned Series 1 before the affiliation switch with WKEF and the ownership change from Hearst-Argyle to LIN TV. |
| 62. | Tulsa, Oklahoma | KTUL | ABC | 2006–present | Commissioned Series 4 and New Generation Series 1 |
| 66. | Flint, Michigan | WJRT | ABC | 1997–present | Commissioned Series 2 in 1997 and New Generation Series 1 in 2006 |
| 69. | Green Bay, Wisconsin | WBAY-TV | ABC | 2006–present | Commissioned Series 2 for closes and New Generation Series 1 for opens after a licensing dispute with Stephen Arnold Music, the producer of their previous theme, "Counterpoint". |
| 70. | Toledo, Ohio | WTVG | ABC | 1997–present | Commissioned Series 2 in 1997, Series 3 in 1999, Series 4 in 2005, and New Generation Series 1 in 2006 |
| 71. | Tucson, Arizona | KVOA-TV | NBC | 1999–2007 | Commissioned Series 2 and 3 in 1999 |
| 73. | Des Moines, Iowa | WOI-TV | ABC | 2006–present | Commissioned New Generation Series 1 |
| 85. | Madison, Wisconsin | WMTV | NBC | 1999–present | Commissioned Series 2, 3 and New Generation Series 1; one of only two NBC stations that currently use this package |
| 88. | Waco, TX | KXXV | ABC | 2007–present | Commissioned New Generation Series 1 |
| 89. | Cedar Rapids, Iowa | KGAN | CBS | 1996–2004 | Commissioned Series 2 and 3 |
| 90. | Burlington, Vermont | WVNY-TV | ABC | 1999–2003 | Commissioned Series 2 and 3 from 1999-2003, when its separate news department closed. News department now shared with WFFF-TV. |
| 96. | Savannah, Georgia | WJCL | ABC | 2005–present | Commissioned Series 2 for morning newscasts and Series 3 for other newscasts |
| 97. | Davenport, Iowa | WQAD-TV | ABC | 2009–present | |
| 100. | Charleston, South Carolina | WCIV | ABC | 2007–present | Commissioned Series 3 and New Generation Series 1 |
| 101. | Evansville, Indiana | WTVW | The CW (formerly Fox) | 2004 and 2005 | Commissioned Series 2 and 3 |
| 104. | Lincoln, Nebraska | KLKN | ABC | 2007–present | Commissioned New Generation Series 1 in 2007 and New Generation Series 2 in 2008 |
| 111. | Tyler-Longview, Texas | KLTV | ABC | 2007–present | Commissioned New Generation Series 1 |
| 125. | Salinas, California | KION (formerly KMST) | CBS (formerly UPN) | 1997–2006 | Commissioned Series 2 and 4 |
| 126. | Bakersfield, California | KERO | ABC | 2007–present | Commissioned Series 2 and New Generation Series 1 |
| 128. | Columbus, Georgia | WTVM | ABC | 2006–present | Series Type Unknown |
| 143. | Sioux City, Iowa | KCAU-TV | ABC | 2006–present | Commissioned New Generation Series 1 in 2006 and New Generation Series 1 in 2007 |
| 147 | Lubbock, Texas | KLBK | CBS | 2007–present | Commissioned Series 3. |
| 154. | Anchorage, Alaska | KYUR (formerly KIMO) | ABC | 1996–2007 | Commissioned Series 2, flagship station of "Alaska's Superstation" network |
| 176. | Lake Charles, Louisiana | KPLC | NBC | 2013–present | One of only two NBC stations that currently use this package |
| 180. | Jonesboro, Arkansas | KAIT | ABC | 2007–present | Commissioned New Generation Series 1 |
| 182. | Charlottesville, Virginia | WVAW-LD | ABC | 2006–present | Commissioned New Generation Series 1 in 2006 and New Generation Series 2 in 2008 |
| 188. | Lafayette, Indiana | WLFI | CBS | 1996–2000 | Commissioned Series 2 |
The theme music for Rising Star, which is coincidentally broadcast on ABC, is loosely based on the Eyewitness News package.
See also
References
- ^ a b c d Michael D. Murray. Encyclopedia of television news By. p. 73.
While a large number of local television stations used the name "Eyewitness News" for only a relatively short period, ... Eyewitness News had five key provisions: emphasis on visual elements and "action" video, sometimes in the form of ...
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Eyewitness News: Contact us (in South Africa)
- ^ WAGA Eyewitness News at 6:00pm Open
- ^ KTRK Channel 13 Eyewitness News Tonight Intro 10/17/90
- ^ ABC 7 Eyewitness News at 11 Open
External links
- TV Newscast Titles – listings of other stations that have used the Eyewitness News name
- CBS3 Eyewitness News Team – unofficial site documenting the development of Eyewitness News at KYW-TV
- SouthernMedia's NMSA – listing of American stations that have used Eyewitness News: the news music package