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Ford EcoBoost engine

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Ford EcoBoost engine
Overview
ManufacturerFord Motor Company
Also calledTwinForce (obsolete)
EcoBoost SCTi
GTDi
Production2009–present
Layout
ConfigurationI-3, I-4 and 60° V6
DisplacementV6 3.5: 3496 cc (213 CID)
V6 2.7: 2694 cc (164 CID)
I4 2.0: 1999 cc (122 CID)
I4 1.6: 1596 cc (97 CID)
I3 1.0: 995 cc (60.44 CID)
Cylinder boreV6 2.7: 3.30 in (83 mm)
I4 2.0: 3.4 in (87.5 mm)[4]
I4 1.6: 3.1 in (79.0 mm)[1]
I3 1.0: 2.83 in (71.9 mm)
Piston strokeV6 3.5: 3.49 in (86.7 mm)
V6 2.7: 3.30 in (83 mm)
I4 2.0: 3.27 in (83.1 mm)
I4 1.6: 3.2 in (81.4 mm)
I3 1.0: 3.2 in (82 mm)
Cylinder block materialV6 2.7: Compacted graphite iron
I3: Cast iron
All others: Aluminum
Cylinder head materialAluminum
ValvetrainDOHC with Direct Acting Mechanical Buckets (DAMB)
Variable camshaft timing
Compression ratioV6 3.5: 10.0:1
I4 2.0: 10.0:1
I4 1.6: 10.0:1
Combustion
TurbochargerV6: Dual Borg Warner K03 low inertia integrated turbo system
I4 2.0: Borg Warner K03 low inertia integrated turbo system
I4 1.6: Borg Warner KP39 low inertia turbo
ManagementV6: ?
I4 2.0: Bosch MED17 with CAN-Bus and individual knock control
I4 1.6: Bosch MED17 with CAN-Bus and individual cylinder knock control
Fuel typeGasoline direct injection
Dimensions
Dry weightV6 3.5: 449 lbs (203 kg)
V6 2.7: 440 lbs (200 kg)
I4 2.0: 328 lbs(149 kg)
I4 1.6: 251 lbs (114 kg)
I3 1.0: 213 lbs (97 kg)[2]
Chronology
PredecessorFord Duratec 35, Ford Duratec
Ford EcoBoost race car

EcoBoost is a family of turbocharged, direct-injection gasoline engines produced by the Ford Motor Company and co-developed by German company FEV Engineering (German Wikipedia article).[3]

EcoBoost-equipped engines are designed to deliver horsepower and torque consistent with those of larger-displacement (cylinder volume), naturally aspirated engines, which Ford claims can achieve about 30% better fuel efficiency and 15% fewer greenhouse emissions. These claims were challenged by Consumer Reports in 2013.[4] Ford sees the EcoBoost technology as less costly and more versatile than further-developing or expanding the use of hybrid and diesel engine technologies. As such, Ford intends to use EcoBoost extensively, across a broad range of vehicle product lines.[5]

Production: Global Family

EcoBoost gasoline direct-injection turbocharged engine technology adds 128 patents and patent applications to Ford's 4,618 active and thousands of pending U.S. patents.[6] Some of the costs of US development and production were assisted by the $5.9 billion ATVM DOE loan.[7]

The V6 EcoBoost engines are being assembled at Cleveland Engine Plant No. 1 in Brook Park, Ohio.[8] The 2.0-L I4 EcoBoost engines will be produced at the Ford Valencia Engine Plant in Spain in 2009.[9] The 1.6-L I4 EcoBoost engines will be made at the Ford Bridgend Engine Plant in the United Kingdom.[9] The future small displacement I3 EcoBoost engine will be produced both at the Ford Cologne Engine Plant in Germany and at Ford Romania.[9]

By 2012, the company plans to produce 750,000 EcoBoost units annually in the US and 1.3 million globally in the world market. Ford expected over 90% of its global vehicle lineup (includes North America) to offer EcoBoost engine technology by 2013.[9][10] From the engine's beginning to November 2012, 500,000 Ford EcoBoost vehicles have been sold.[11]

Marketing: GTDi

Volvo used the term PTDi (petrol turbocharged direct injection) for the 1.6-L I4 engine when introducing Volvo S60 concept[12] and for the 2.0-L I4 engine when introducing Volvo XC60.[13]

Engine family list

Name Family Displacement Year Features
EcoBoost 10 Fox 999 cc (61.0 cu in) 2012–present DOHC I3
EcoBoost 15 Sigma 1,500 cc (92 cu in) 2014–present DOHC I4
EcoBoost 16 Sigma 1,596 cc (97.4 cu in) 2010–present DOHC I4
EcoBoost 20 Mazda L engine 1,999 cc (122.0 cu in) 2010– DOHC I4
EcoBoost 20 (Next-gen) 1,999 cc (122.0 cu in) 2015- DOHC I4
EcoBoost 23 Mazda L engine 2,261 cc (138.0 cu in) 2015–present DOHC I4
EcoBoost 27 Nano 2,694 cc (164.4 cu in) 2015–present DOHC V6
EcoBoost 30 Nano ~3,000 cc (180 cu in) 2016- DOHC V6
EcoBoost 35 Cyclone V6 3,496 cc (213.3 cu in) 2010–2015 DOHC V6
EcoBoost 35 (Next-Gen) Nano 3,496 cc (213.3 cu in) 2015- DOHC V6

Inline 3-cylinder

1.0-L Fox

Ford currently produces a 1.0-L turbocharged in-line three-cylinder engine for the EcoBoost family developed at Ford's Dunton Technical Centre in the UK. Production started in April 2012. The 1.0 is built initially in two versions: 74 kW (101 PS; 99 hp) and 88 to 92 kW (120 to 125 PS; 118 to 123 hp).

The more powerful version delivers a maximum of 170 N⋅m (125 lb⋅ft) from 1,400–4,500 rpm and 200 N⋅m (148 lb⋅ft) on overboost, which makes for a broad torque curve when compared to a naturally aspirated gasoline engine. A 140-PS (138-hp) version has also been released in the Fiesta Red Edition and Black Edition, with 155 lb ft (210Nm) of torque. The engine block is cast iron, which offers, in addition to the required strength, up to 50% faster warm-up than aluminum, at the expense of additional weight.[14][15]

To quell the natural vibrations of a three-cylinder design, unspecified efforts have been made in the flywheel design to ensure satisfactorily smooth running without the use of energy sapping balance shafts. The engine also features an internal timing belt, unconventionally running in engine oil, as engineers found this to enhance lifespan and efficiency while also reducing noise. The exhaust manifold is cast into the cylinder head, reducing warm up times, so further aiding efficiency.

All this is packaged in an engine block the size of an A4 sheet of paper.[16] With the introduction of the face-lifted 2013 Ford Fiesta, Ford introduced a naturally aspirated version of 1.0 Fox engine. The two versions produce 65 hp and 80 hp, and both engines use direct injection and Ti-VCT like the turbocharged versions. Start-stop technology is also available.

The engines are produced in Cologne, Germany, and Craiova, Romania, with production to later expand in Chongqing, China. Production is expected to be 700,000–1,500,000 units per year. The engine is available in Ford Focus, the Ford Focus-based C-MAX and Grand C-MAX, the Fiesta-based B-Max, and Transit Courier.[17] This version is also available in the second-generation Ford Ecosport manufactured and sold in Brazil, India, Thailand, and Russia, although in some markets, this vehicle comes with the 2.0-L EcoBoost engine.

Ford has announced that the 1.0-L EcoBoost engine will be available for the American market starting with the all-new 2014 Ford Fiesta sedan and hatchback. It was announced at the 2012 Los Angeles Auto Show, when the 2014 Fiesta was introduced. The 123-hp version is now available in the North American market Focus starting with model year 2015. In the latest run of events, the 1.0-L engine was awarded the International Engine of Year Award 2016. Sixty-five motoring journalist from over 31 countries inspected the nominees on the factors like driveability, fuel economy, smoothness, and noise, coming to the conclusion that EcoBoost is the best performer of all, thus making it the Best Engine Under 1.0 L for the fifth time in a row.[18]

Applications

(100 PS (99 hp))

(125 PS (123 hp))

(140 PS (138 hp))

Inline four-cylinder

Four EcoBoost I4 engines are in production. A 1.5-L downsized version of the 1.6-L, the 1.6-L which replaces larger-displacement, naturally aspirated I4 engines in Ford vehicles, a 2.0-L which replaces small-displacement, naturally aspirated V6 engines, and a 2.3-L used in high-performance applications. All four engines are turbocharged and direct injected. The production engine family was officially announced at the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show.[19]

1.5-L

A 1.5-L version of the EcoBoost engine family was first unveiled in the 2014 Ford Fusion as a downsized version of the 1.6-L EcoBoost engine.[20] The downsized displacement is a result of Chinese vehicle tax regulations which tax vehicles with engine displacements of 1.5-L or less at lower rates. The 1.5-L EcoBoost adds new technology compared to the 1.6-L on which it is based, including an integrated exhaust manifold and a computer-controlled water pump clutch to decrease warm up time. In the 2015 Fusion, the engine produces 181 hp (135 kW; 184 PS) and 185 lb ft .

Applications

184 PS (135 kW; 181 hp)

181 PS (133 kW; 179 hp)

150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp)

160 PS (118 kW; 158 hp)

1.6 litre

A 1.6-L version was first unveiled in the 2009 Lincoln C concept. The engine is rated at 178 hp (133 kW; 180 PS) and 180 lb⋅ft (244.0 N⋅m).[21]

The European market version of the 1.6-L provides 150 hp (112 kW; 152 PS), although a 160 hp (119 kW; 162 PS) version is used in the Ford Mondeo.

The 1.6-L EcoBoost engine is raced in the British Formula Ford Championship. The units have replaced the original N/A 1.6-L Duratec units, which in turn replaced the 1.8-L Zetec-engined cars. The engine has also been used for the past few seasons in the WRC in the Ford Fiesta.

Ford has recalled certain Ford Escapes equipped with this engine due to the potential for them to catch fire after overheating.[22]

Main article: Ford_Escape § Safety_and_recalls

The 1.6-L EcoBoost engine is produced at the Ford Bridgend Engine Plant in Bridgend, Wales.

Specifications

Type-turbocharged, direct gasoline-injected inline four-cylinder engine with twin independent variable-camshaft timing
Displacement-1,596 cc (1.6 L; 97 cu in)

Applications

150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp)

160 PS (118 kW; 158 hp)

180 PS (132 kW; 178 hp)

185 PS (136 kW; 182 hp)

200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp)

2.0-L (2010–)

A 2.0-L version was first seen in the 2008 Ford Explorer America concept.[5] The engine was rated at 275 hp (205 kW; 279 PS) and 280 lb⋅ft (380 N⋅m).

It is the first EcoBoost engine to include twin independent variable cam timing (Ti-VCT), with advertised 10–20% better fuel economy while maintaining the performance of 3.0-L V6s.[23][24]

This engine is derived from the 2.0-L Mazda L engine block used by Ford in the North American Focus MK3, but equipped with unique heads, fuel injection system, and Ford's Ti-VCT. It should not be confused with the Mazda 2.3 DISI Turbo, which also features direct injection along with turbocharging, but shares little else aside from the same engine block.

The 2.0-L EcoBoost engine used in North American vehicles is now produced at the Cleveland engine plant in Brookpark, OH.

Specifications

Type- turbocharged, direct gasoline-injected inline four-cylinder engine with Ti-VCT
Displacement-1,999 cc (2 L; 122 cu in)

Applications

2.0-L “Twin-scroll” (2015–)

A redesigned 2.0-L EcoBoost four-cylinder will be introduced with the second-generation Ford Edge, followed by the 2017 Ford Escape in spring 2016.[34] It features a higher compression ratio than its predecessor (10.1:1 vs 9.3:1) along with twin-scroll turbocharger and fuel and oil systems upgrades.[35] This new engine will deliver more low-end torque than its predecessor and all-wheel drive will be available in this configuration for the first time. It is also expected to tow 3500 lbs in the redesigned Edge and 2017 Escape.

Applications

2.3 litre

The 2.3L version of the EcoBoost engine debuted in the 2015 Lincoln MKC crossover. Based upon the 2.0L EcoBoost, the 2.3-L engine produces 289 PS (213 kW; 285 hp) @ 5500 rpm, 305 lb⋅ft (414 N⋅m) @ 2750 rpm. This engine is also available in the Ford Mustang EcoBoost, with power figures of 310 hp (231 kW; 314 PS) @ 5500 rpm, 320 lb⋅ft (434 N⋅m) @ 3000 rpm.

The 2.3-L EcoBoost engine is produced with the 2.0-L EcoBoost at the Valencia Engine Plant in Valencia, Spain.

Applications

  • 280 hp (209 kW; 284 PS) @ 5600 rpm, 310 lb⋅ft (420 N⋅m) @ 3000 rpm
  • 285 hp (213 kW; 289 PS) @ 5500 rpm, 305 lb⋅ft (414 N⋅m) @ 2750 rpm
  • 310 hp (231 kW; 314 PS) @ 5500 rpm, 320 lb⋅ft (434 N⋅m) @ 3000 rpm
  • 350 hp (261 kW; 355 PS) @ 6000 rpm, 350 lb⋅ft (475 N⋅m) @ 3200 rpm

V-type six-cylinder

2.7-L

Introduced with the 2015 Ford F-150 is a twin-turbo 2.7-L V6 EcoBoost engine. It delivers 325 hp (242 kW) and 375 lb⋅ft (508 N⋅m).[39] The engine is built at the Lima Ford Engine Plant.[40] Ford has invested half a billion dollars in the Lima plant for the new engine. Ford also states that the new engine will bring 300 jobs to Allen County,[41] but transfers from other plants make the actual number hard to pin down. A 335-hp version is to be an option on the 2017 Lincoln Continental. Being a next-generation design, it uses compacted graphite iron, a material Ford uses in its 6.7-L PowerStroke diesel engine.

Applications

  • 325 hp (242 kW) @ 5750 rpm, 375 lb⋅ft (508 N⋅m) @ 3000 rpm
  • 335 hp (250 kW) @ 5500 rpm, 380 lb⋅ft (515 N⋅m) @ 3000 rpm[42]
  • 310 hp (231 kW) @ 4,750 rpm, 350 lb⋅ft (475 N⋅m) @ 2,750 rpm
  • 325 hp (242 kW) @ 5500 rpm, 380 lb⋅ft (515 N⋅m) @ 3500 rpm

3.0-L

A 3-L twin-turbocharged gasoline direct-injection engine was released in 2016, that currently produces 400 horsepower (all-wheel drive, 350-horsepower front-drive MKZ) and about 400 pound feet of torque. Currently, the 3.0-L is exclusive to Lincoln's MKZ, replaces the 3.7-L Ti-VCT Cyclone V6 engine, and 2017 Continental as of June 2016. However, it may appear in the 2017 Navigator, too, that would replace the 3.5-L 380-hp engine of 2015 model. Ford's Taurus SHO, Expedition, and Explorer models are also potential users.

3.5-L

The first Ford vehicle to feature this engine was the 2007 Lincoln MKR concept vehicle under the name TwinForce.[43] The engine was designed to deliver power and torque output equivalent to a typical 6.0-L or larger-displacement V8 while achieving at least 15% better fuel efficiency and reduced greenhouse emissions. In the MKR, the concept TwinForce engine was rated at 415 hp (309 kW) and 400 lb⋅ft (542 N⋅m) of torque, as well as run on E85 fuel.[44] When the same prototype engine reappeared in the Lincoln MKT concept in 2008 North American International Auto Show, the name was changed to EcoBoost. Official EcoBoost production began on May 19, 2009 at Cleveland Engine Plant No. 1.

The production engines use the Duratec 35 V6 engine block. The fuel charging and delivery systems can attain high fuel pressures up to 2150 psi, necessary for efficient operation of the direct fuel injection system. It uses two BorgWarner turbochargers which can spin up to 170,000 rpm and provide 12 psi of boost. The turbos are set up in a twin-turbo configuration. The engine can consume up to 25% more air over the naturally aspirated counterpart. Through the use of direct injection, the engine needs only regular-grade gasoline to run. The EcoBoost V6 was first available as an engine option for 2010 Lincoln MKS, followed by 2010 Ford Flex, 2010 Ford Taurus SHO, and 2010 Lincoln MKT.[45] The fuel-charging and -delivery systems were co-developed with Robert Bosch GmbH.[46]

In 2009, Ford modified an experimental 3.5-L V6 EcoBoost engine with both E85 direct injection and gasoline indirect fuel injection, which achieved a brake mean effective pressure of 395 psi (27 bar), which translates to roughly 553 pound-feet (750 N⋅m) of torque and 316 horsepower (236 kW)@3000 rpm (flat torque curve from 1500–3000 rpm).[47]

Applications

3.5-L (second generation)

The next-generation 3.5-L EcoBoost V6 is being produced for the 2017 Ford GT, revealed at the 2015 Detroit Auto Show in January.[56] It will produce over 600 hp (447 kW) [57] paired with a seven-speed semiautomatic transmission. This engine theoretically replaces the 5.4-L supercharged modular V8 from the last generation Ford GT which produced 550 horsepower. The GT has been on a 11-year hiatus, and will return in 2016 for the 2017 model year.

Also announced at the 2015 Detroit Auto Show was the 2017 Ford F-150 SVT Raptor, which is powered by an all-new 3.5-L twin-turbocharged EcoBoost V6.[58] This new engine is expected to produce between 450 and 500 horsepower in the Raptor, up from the previous 6.2-L V8's 411. Torque is also expected to be higher than the 434 lb-ft produced by the naturally aspirated 6.2-L Boss V8.

The same second-generation 3.5-L V6 is replacing the first-generation engine in the 2017 F-150 line-up. It will be standard on the F-150 Limited and remain an optional upgrade for many other trim levels. With the overhaul of every component in the engine, the specifications are 375 hp (280 kW) and 470 lb⋅ft (637 N⋅m). Paired with the second-generation 3.5-L EcoBoost V6 is the new 10R80 10-speed automatic transmission. This new transmission is mandatory with all new second-generation 3.5-L V6 EcoBoost F-150s, but the new transmission is restricted to this engine solely for the 2017 model year.

See also

References

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