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Padma Shri
Gemini Ganesan
Born
Ramasamy Ganesan

(1925-11-17)17 November 1925[1]
Pudukottai, Madras Presidency, British India (now Tamil Nadu, India)
Died22 March 2005(2005-03-22) (aged 84)
Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Other namesKadhal Mannan, Gemini Mama[2]
Alma materMadras Christian College, Chennai
Years active1947–2002
Spouse(s)Alamelu (1940–2005)
Pushpavalli (Deceased)
Savitri (1952–1981) (Deceased)
Juliana Andrew (1997-2005)
ChildrenWith Alamelu
Kamala Selvaraj (daughter)
Revathi Swaminathan (daughter)
Narayani Ganesan (daughter)
Jaya Shreedhar (daughter)
With Pushpavalli
Rekha (daughter)
Radha (daughter)
With Savitri
Vijaya Chamundeswari (daughter)
Satheesh Kumar (son)

Ramasamy Ganesan (17 November 1925[3] – 22 March 2005), better known by his stage name Gemini Ganesan, was an Indian film actor who worked mainly in Tamil cinema. He was nicknamed "Kadhal Mannan" (King of Romance) for the romantic roles he played in films.[4] Ganesan was one the "three biggest names of Tamil cinema", the other two being M. G. Ramachandran (known by his initials as MGR) and Sivaji Ganesan.[5] While Sivaji Ganesan excelled in films with drama, and MGR dominated films with fight sequences, Gemini Ganesan held his own with sensitive portrayals of the yearning lover.[6] A recipient of the shree in 1971, he had also won several other awards including the "Kalaimamani", the "MGR Gold Medal" and the "Screen Lifetime Achievement Award". He came from an intercaste family, and was one of the few graduates to enter the film industry at that time.[7]

Gemini Ganesan made his debut with Miss Malini in 1947, but was noticed only after playing the villain in Thai Ullam in 1953.[8] After playing the lead role in Manam Pola Mangalyam (1954), he finally acquired star status.[9] However, unlike Sivaji Ganesan or MGR, Gemini Ganesan was not originally a stage performer, and was never involved in politics. In his long film career spanning over five decades, Ganesan acted in more than 200 films, mainly in Tamil, and Hindi, Malayalam, Telugu, and Kannada.[10] His performances on the screen were enhanced by successful playback singers such as A. M. Rajah and P. B. Sreenivas.[6][11] In spite of his celebrated film career, Ganesan's personal life, particularly his marriages to multiple women over the years, has often been a subject of criticism. He married South India's great actress Savitri and they had his only son out of all his marriages.[12] He won 2 Filmfare Awards during his entire acting career.

Early life

Gemini Ganesan was born Ramasamy Ganesan in 1925[13] to an inter-caste couple. Ganesan's paternal grandfather, Narayanaswami, was the Principal of the Maharajah's College, Pudukkottai.[14] Early in his life, Narayanaswami was married to a Brahmin girl of his own subcaste, but he later made another (informal) alliance, with a woman named Chandramma from the Isai Vellalar community of musicians and dancers.[14] Chandramma was not in formal terms the wife of Narayanaswami; the system known as "Chinna Veedu" was fairly common in those days, and the typical situation was for a wealthy gentleman to consort with a woman from the Isai Vellalar community of devadasis and professional performers. Notable among Narayanaswami's children with Chandramma were Muthulakshmi and Ramaswamy, father of Gemini Ganesan.[14] Ramaswamy married Bhagirthi Amma (or Bagirathi Amma), a woman of his mother's community. Ganesan was the son of Ramaswamy and Bhagirathi Amma.

Ganesan's grandfather died when he was in the sixth class and not long after that, he lost his father as well. Meanwhile, Muthulakshmi (now known as Muthulakshmi Reddi) had studied well and become a doctor; she was affluent and educated and had thoroughly abandoned the style of life followed by her mother and maternal ancestors, so much so that she became the leader of a social reform movement aimed at eradicating the Devadasi system. She was instrumental in ensuring the passage through parliament of the Devadasi Abolition Act. After the death of his father, Ganesan, along with his mother Bagirathi, moved to his aunt Muthulakshmi's residence in Madras (now known as Chennai). Muthulakshmi provided shelter to her mother Chandramma and also to Bhagirthi Ammma and little Ganesan, but she was very dismissive and insulting towards her destitute relatives and she felt ashamed of them because of their background as courtesans. She heaped many insults on the two widowed women, and ensured that they did not show their faces to any guests who visited to the house. Unhappy with the situation, Chandramma and Bhagirthi Amma returned to Pudukkottai. However, they left little Ganesan with his aunt, because they felt that if he grew up under her care, he would grow into an educated and respectable man. Muthulakshmi liked this arrangement because she was childless.[6]

Education

Since Gemini Ganesan's aunt Muthulakshmi was an ardent follower of Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, she decided to enroll him into Ramakrishna Mission Home. There, he was taught yoga and sanskrit and was made to read the Upanishads, Vedas and Bhagavad Gita. He spent a disciplined life at the Home and became an expert in Yoga. However, he could not bear the agony of being separated from his mother, who was at Pudukkottai. Therefore, he returned to his native place and studied at a high school there. Later on, he joined Maharajah's College, located in the same place. However, he completed his graduation at Madras Christian College, Chennai.[6]

Early work

Ganesan's dream was to become a doctor.[15] In April 1940, he went to Trichy to see T.R. Alamelu. Alamelu's father proposed his daughter in marriage and promised him a medical seat after graduation. Ganesan immediately agreed and married Alamelu in June 1940. Alamelu lost her father and her elder sister within one month of her marriage. Ganesan's dreams of becoming a doctor shattered. There was no choice left for him but to find a job immediately as he was the only person to support his family. He got an interview from the Indian Air Force. Much against Alamelu's wishes, Ganesan went to Delhi. In Delhi, he met his uncle Narayanaswami who advised him to become a teacher. Finally, Ganesan worked as a lecturer in the Department of Chemistry, at Madras Christian College. Later on, he took up the job of a production executive in Gemini Studios in 1947, from where the title "Gemini" was added to his name. He received an entry to films from the casting department of the Studio itself.[6]

Career

Initial years

Gemini Ganesan (First from left seen in the film Miss Malini

From the casting department, Ganesan made his film debut in 1947 with the social satire film Miss Malini, in a minor role. The film, which was written by R. K. Narayan,[16] and cast him alongside his future wife Pushpavalli, was a box office failure as it was considered "ahead of its time", but was well received by intellectuals. Currently, no print of that film exists, making it a lost film.[17] This was followed by Chakradhari, in which he played another minor role as the Hindu god Krishna. The film was a box office success, but his performance went unnoticed. It was not until 1953, when he played a villainous role in the film Thai Ullam, opposite R. S. Manohar, did people take notice of him as an actor. The next year, he appeared in a supporting role in the Gemini Studios production Moondru Pillaigal, which was unsuccessful. He was then cast as a hero for the first time with Manam Pola Mangalyam. The film, which featured him in a dual role, paired him with his future wife Savitri, and became a "milestone in his life".[18] From then on, he carved out a niche for himself in Tamil cinema with films that required a lot of romance, but little action.

Stardom in the south

In his career spanning nearly 50 years, Ganesan played a variety of roles, from Abhimanyu in Mayabazar (1957), to freedom fighter Madasamy in Kappalotiya Thamizhan (1961), and in Pennin Perumai (1960), he played a non-assertive imbecile morphing into a well-moulded human being. Ganesan also starred in Kalathur Kannamma (1959), which was also the debut for Kamal Haasan, who would later become one of the leading actors in Tamil cinema. The film won the Certificate of Merit for the Third Best Feature Film in 1961.[19] Ganesan also starred in Veerapandiya Kattabomman (1959), alongside Sivaji Ganesan. The film was selected for the Afro-Asian Film Festival in 1960.[20] It was also nominated for the National Film Award in 1960, along with Gemini Ganesan's Kalyana Parisu, but both lost to Bhaaga Pirivinai. The Ruritanian romance film Vanjikottai Valiban (1958) was a high budget film and became a huge commercial success due to much hype.[21] The historical fiction film Parthiban Kanavu (1960) won the President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film,[22] but failed commercially.[23]

His 1961 film Then Nilavu, was the first Tamil film to be shot extensively in Jammu and Kashmir, and became a great success at the box office.[24][25] He co-starred with rival actor M. G. Ramachandran in Mugarasi (1966), which was their only film together.[2] Konjum Salangai (1962), which featured Ganesan alongside Savithri was released in various countries outside India, having subtitles in over 22 languages, and it was also the first Tamil film to be released in Poland, in a dubbed version.[26] Ganesan's best performance is considered to be in his home production Naan Avan Illai (1974), in which he played many roles as a seducer of women. Directed by K. Balachandar, this film won high critical praise for Ganesan's performance, but according to Ganesan, the film did not succeed commercially.[18] Some of his other best works include Missiamma, School Master, Kanavaney Kankanda Deivam, Meenda Sorgam, Shanti Nilayam, Vaazhkai Padagu, Karpagam, Ramu, Thamarai Nenjam and Punnagai. Ganesan had paired with several leading actresses such as Anjali Devi, Pushpavalli, Padmini, Vyjayanthimala, Savitri, Devika, Vijayakumari, Saroja Devi, Rajasree, Kanchana, Jayanthi, K. R. Vijaya, Bharathi and Jayalalithaa.[2]

Bollywood career

Gemini Ganesan acted in a few Hindi films, most of which were remakes of his Tamil films. His first Hindi film was Missiamma's remake Miss Mary (1957), where he was paired with Meena Kumari. The film became one of the biggest hits of that year.[27] Notably, he played the lead role in Devta, which was the Hindi version of his own Tamil film Kanavaney Kankanda Deivam.[28] He also acted in the Ruritanian epic film Raj Tilak (1958), which was the Hindi remake of his own Vanjikottai Valiban.[27] It was a box office failure, having collapsed within a week of its release.[29] He later appeared in a guest role in Nazrana (1961), the Hindi remake of his own Kalyana Parisu, that had him in the lead.[30] Though the film was an average grosser, it was the 12th highest-grossing film of the year.[31]

Later years

Later in his career, he switched to slightly different character roles. Notable among these was the Telugu film Rudraveena (remade in Tamil as Unnal Mudiyum Thambi), considered one of his best films in Telugu. Another notable film was Avvai Shanmughi (1996), in which he characteristically played the role of an old man longing for an old maid, portrayed by Kamal Haasan. Towards the end of his acting career, he kept himself busy with elegant roles in television serials, one notable serial was Krishnadasi.[32] Ganesan also appeared in Mettukudi (1996), Kaalamellam Kadhal Vaazhga (1997),[33] Thodarum[34] (1998), and his last major role came the same year with Naam Iruvar Namakku Iruvar,[35] followed by special appearances in Gemini (2002)[36] and Adi Thadi (2004).[37]

Other work

Unlike the other two leading Tamil actors of that time – Sivaji Ganesan and M. G. Ramachandran, Gemini Ganesan did not come from a stage background. This made his screen presence refreshingly credible and his acting was not stylized. He sustained his film career without the support of any fan club or backing of a political party. He stayed away from politics, even declining a Rajya Sabha MP offer by Rajiv Gandhi.[2] The only time he even barely approached politics was when he organised a function for poet Subramania Bharathi at Ettayapuram in 1963.[19] Apart from acting, Ganesan was also a shrewd businessman and invested heavily in real estate and property development.[8] He was a good sportsman, having captained his college Cricket team and was successful in sports like tennis, golf and badminton.[38] Ganesan also directed the film Idhaya Malar (1976), starring Kamal Haasan and Y. G. Mahendran.[39]

Acclaim and criticism

Gemini Ganesan has widely been praised for his versatility in acting, having performed a "wide range of roles".[18] He was "at his best" with Savitri, with whom he had acted in several successful films.[40] In February 2006, Dayanidhi Maran had released a commemorative postage stamp of the actor, who he described as a "multi-dimensional personality, who evinced keen interest in Carnatic music, reading, yoga and poetry."[41] He is also credited for having introduced leading Tamil actor Kamal Haasan to the National Award-winning Kalathur Kannamma, where the latter was a child artist.[19] Ganesan also took part in a World Tamil Conference in Kuala Lumpur, notably because he "loved Tamil language". According to politician M. Karunanidhi, the actor had developed a "reformer's mind" because he was raised by his aunt Muthulakshmi Reddy, who fought for the abolition of the devadasi system. Director K. Balachandar called Ganesan a "director's delight" and stated that "The advantage of having him as a hero was that he was convinced about the capabilities of a director, he would leave it to the director and would not interfere". Lyricist Vairamuthu said: "'Gemini' Ganesan was not envious of anyone and promoted many actors by recommending them to producers and directors".[42]

Despite being one of the most successful actors of Tamil cinema during his time, Gemini Ganesan was criticised for being "fossilised in one type of portrayal",[40] as most of his films were typically "boy meets girl" romantic films.[8][43] He was married to multiple women, such as actresses Savitri and Pushpavalli, which led to him being labelled a "womanizer".[12] His hostile relationship with daughter Rekha was also criticised. He did not acknowledge Rekha's paternity during her childhood. It was in the early 1970s, when Rekha was looking for a career in Bollywood, that she revealed her origins. Later, at the peak of her career, Rekha told a magazine interviewer that her father's neglect still rankled and that she had ignored his efforts at reconciliation.[44][45] She did not even attend her father's funeral in 2005, and when asked about their relationship in a televised interview, she paused with silence and revealed nothing.[46]

Personal life

Gemini Ganesan, at 19, married Alamelu, with whom he lived and whom he fondly called "Boubji". She is his first wife. He later married Savitri. He was survived by seven daughters and a son. Alamelu and Ganesan have four daughters; three of them – Revathi, Kamala and Jayalakshmi - are medical doctors,the fourth Narayani is a journalist with The Times of India. Ganesan has two daughters with Pushpavalli – Bollywood actress Rekha, and Radha. The latter acted in a few Tamil films, but then opted for marriage and migration to the United States. Savitri and Ganesan have two children: a daughter, Vijaya Chamundeswari, and Ganesan's only son, Satheesh Kumar.[47] The actor noted in his autobiography Vaazhkai Padagu: "Somehow, I seemed to attract women who were in distress."[48] He also felt annoyed by the title "Kaadhal Mannan" as it "was used to brush him in black in his personal life".[49]

Abhinay Vaddi, who acted in Ramanujan (2014), is Ganesan's grandson.[50]

Legacy

A documentary film on the legend in the name of Kadhal Mannan was produced by Dr. Kamala Selvaraj and directed by Ashok Kumar, DFT (Programme Head-Vendhar TV) in 2011. It was screened to many film stalwarts and fans of the legend and received rave reviews from critics for bringing out a candid representation of the actor's life in detail. Following the response, a DVD version of the film was released in the same year. In the mid-2010s, three films were made in reference to the actor. Odam Ilavarasu's romantic comedy Gemini Ganeshanum Suruli Raajanum (2017) began in 2015 and featured the lead character as someone who falls in love with several women at the same time. Muthukumar's Kaadhal Mannan (2018) was initially titled as Gemini Ganesan, before the makers decided to change the title.[51] Furthermore, an official biopic of actress Savitri was made by director Nag Ashwin in Telugu and Tamil as Mahanati. Dulquer Salmaan was cast as Ganesan and revealed that his portrayal of Gemini Ganesan would go beyond just the physical resemblance and that the character's emotional side would also be depicted.[52]

Death

After a prolonged illness caused by renal failure and multiple organ failure, Gemini Ganesan died surrounded by Bobji and their daughters at his residence on 22 March 2005, 13:30 IST. He was cremated with full state honours. Prominent personalities including Tamil Nadu's chief ministers M. Karunanidhi and Jayalalitha paid their last respects to the veteran actor.[53] Ganesan's funeral was not attended by his estranged daughter Rekha, who was then in Himachal Pradesh shooting a film.[46]

Accolades

Notable filmography

Further information: Gemini Ganesan filmography
Year Film Language Notes
1947 Miss Malini Tamil
1952 Thai Ullam Tamil Villainous role
1953 Manampol Mangalyam Tamil First film as hero
1955 Guna Sundari Tamil as Hero
1955 Valliyin Selvan Tamil
1956 Pennin Perumai Tamil
1956 Kaalam Maari Pochu Tamil
1957 Mayabazar
Appeared in Tamil version only
1957 Miss Mary Hindi Arun (as Ganesh)
1958 Vanjikottai Valiban Tamil
1958 Raj Tilak Hindi Remake of Vanjikottai Valiban
1959 Veerapandiya Kattabomman Tamil
1959 Kalyana Parisu Tamil
1959 Kalathur Kannamma Tamil
1959 Nalla Theerpu Tamil
1960 Parthiban Kanavu
1961 Kappalottiya Thamizhan Tamil
1961 Pangaaligal Tamil
1961 Pasamalar Tamil
1961 Then Nilavu Tamil First Tamil film shot in Jammu & Kashmir
1969 Shanthi Nilayam Tamil
1970 Kaaviya Thalaivi Tamil Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor
1973 Jesus Malayalam
1974 Naan Avan Illai Tamil Also producer
Filmfare Award for Best Tamil Actor
1988 Unnal Mudiyum Thambi Tamil
1988 Rudraveena Telugu
1996 Mettukudi Tamil
1996 Avvai Shanmugi Tamil

References

  1. ^ https://www.celebrityborn.com/biography/gemini-ganesan/228
  2. ^ a b c d "Gemini Ganesan – Romance King of Tamil Films". 2 October 2005. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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  5. ^ "MGR-Sivaji-Gemini: TRINITY Album Launched". IndiaGlitz. 22 January 2011. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
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  9. ^ Randor Guy. "Arts / Cinema : Manam Pola Mangalyam 1954". The Hindu. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
  10. ^ a b "Book, DVD on Gemini Ganesan to be released". NDTV. 17 November 2010. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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  23. ^ "Paarthibhan Kanavu 1960". The Hindu. 29 May 2009. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  24. ^ "C.V Sridhar, veteran director passes away!". Sify. 20 October 2008. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
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  26. ^ "The first Tamil film in Poland?". The Times of India. 24 March 2013. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
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  36. ^ "Birthday Remembrance: Gemini Ganesan". Deccan Chronicle. 17 November 2013. p. 8. Archived from the original on 5 December 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  37. ^ http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2004/03/12/stories/2004031202260300.htm
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  40. ^ a b "The Hindu : Magazine / People : His own space". The Hindu. 27 March 2005. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
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  51. ^ http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Lakshmi-paired-with-Jiiva-in-Gemini-Ganesan/articleshow/49960873.cms
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