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Freeview is the name for the collection of free-to-air services on the Digital Terrestrial Television platform in the United Kingdom. The service was launched at 5.00 am on 30 October 2002 and is jointly operated by its five equal shareholders – BBC, ITV, Channel 4, BSkyB and transmitter operator Arqiva. This article documents the history of the Freeview service, from its inception up to the present.

The launch

Following the collapse of ITV Digital, the Independent Television Commission re-advertised the licenses for the three multiplexes (MUX B, C and D) that had been used by ITV Digital. On 16 August 2002 the licenses were granted to members of the Freeview consortium, with BBC getting multiplex B and Crown Castle getting multiplexes C and D.[citation needed]

Although all pay channels had been closed down on ITV Digital, many free-to-air channels continued broadcasting, including the five analogue channels, the digital BBC channels, ITV2, the ITN News Channel, S4C2, TV Travel Shop and QVC.[1]

Freeview launched on 30 October 2002 at 05:00. Sky Travel, UK History, Sky News, Sky Sports News, The Hits and TMF were available on the launch, however many channels originally available have since been removed. BBC Four and the interactive BBC streams were moved to multiplex B.[2] Under the initial plans, the two multiplexes operated by Crown Castle would carry eight channels altogether. In February 2003 BBC Three replaced BBC Choice, which since early 2002 no longer contained children's programming as the job was fulfilled by the CBBC and CBeebies channels.

The seventh stream became shared by UK Bright Ideas and Ftn which launched in February 2003. The eighth stream was left unused until April 2004 when the shopping channel Ideal World launched on Freeview. There are now 13 streams carried by the two multiplex, with Multiplex C carrying 5 streams, and Multiplex D carrying 8.

Pay television returned to the terrestrial platform in March 2004 when Top Up TV launched. The BBC and Crown Castle multiplexes were at the time not allowed to broadcast pay channels, so the new service broadcast on multiplex A and Channel 4's half of multiplex 2.[3] The autumn of 2004 saw the launch of two new free-to-air entertainment channels; ABC1 in September and ITV3 in November. ITV3 was the replacement for Plus on platforms other than Freeview.

2005

In early 2005, two new channel streams became available on the two Crown Castle multiplexes. ITV and Channel 4 won one stream each. ITV used their channel to broadcast Men & Motors. Channel 4's entertainment channel E4 had up until this time been broadcast as part of the Top Up TV package, and at this time it was decided that E4 would be made free-to-air, as well as being available on Freeview along with E4 +1 which was launched at the same time in the newly acquired stream. They also launched a live stream of the Big Brother house, which was later replaced by quiz channel Quiz Call.[citation needed]

In the autumn of 2005 Channel 4 and ITV joined the Freeview consortium. They also launched two new channels, More4 and ITV4, respectively. Sky replaced Sky Travel with the broader entertainment channel Sky Three.[citation needed]

Another stream became available on the Crown Castle multiplexes. Channel 4 won the bidding for this stream, which reportedly reached £12 million per year.[4] The space was initially used to broadcast More4 +1.

The ITV News Channel had seen its broadcasting hours reduced to daytime after the launch of ITV4. It stopped broadcasting on 23 December 2005 at 18:00 and the space was taken over by CITV in March 2006.[citation needed]

2006

ITV Play was launched in April 2006, and Men & Motors was taken off Freeview to make way for this to happen. FilmFour ceased its subscription service in mid-2006. Also, at the same time, it launched on Freeview and changed its name on all platforms to Film4, and introduced commercials during films for the first time. It also reduced its broadcasting hours to 12:45 – 08:45 so National Lottery Extra and Gems TV could launch. On Freeview, it replaced More4 +1, although the space was briefly used for Big Brother coverage before it was launched on Freeview.

Five had bought a stake in the company behind the Top Up TV service, and in the autumn of 2006 it was restructured into a video on demand service. This made space for Five to launch two new channels in October, which were Five Life and Five US (now known as 5* and 5 USA respectively).[5][6]

Quiz Call was sold in November 2006, however because the deal did not include the Freeview slot it meant it had to close down. The space was then used by Film4 +1. [citation needed]

2007

ITV Play stopped programs in the early hours of 6 March 2007. Originally, it was to return later in March, but it was decided it would close down for good, with it being removed from the EPG on 16 March 2007. The slot got reused for a one-hour timeshift of ITV2, ITV2 +1, shortly afterwards.[7]

Channel 4 replaced Film4 +1 with Channel 4 +1 in August 2007.[8] Disney decided to leave Freeview and unexpectedly closed down ABC1 shortly after midday on 26 September 2007, days before it was supposed to close down on 1 October 2007.[9]

Ftn was replaced by Virgin1, UKTV Bright Ideas was closed down, UKTV History had its broadcasting hours restricted to daytime and UKTV G2 was launched on Freeview under the new name Dave.[10]

Additionally, in December 2007, the Jewellery Channel was made available on Freeview on channel 44.

2008

CITV eventually moved into ABC1's old space, allowing ITV4 to broadcast 24/7. Because the slot that CITV moved into would interfere with S4C if available in Wales, it means that CITV can now only be received using Freeview in England, Scotland and Northern Ireland. CITV continues to be available in Wales on all other platforms.[11]

The Jewellery Channel was removed in May 2008 because the broadcast license was not renewed, and was replaced by a second stream of Gems TV, which was referred to inside the EPG as "GEMSTV1".

The Hits was renamed 4Music in August 2008.[12]

2009

In January 2009, price-drop tv was replaced by Quest, gambling service Super Casino launched in new space on the SDN multiplex, Turner channel Nuts TV was closed and replaced with four-hours of news channel CNN International, and Arqiva announced that their latest new channel slot had been sold to UKTV who now use it to broadcast Dave ja vu (originally Dave +1, and is a one-hour timeshift of Dave). Then, Russia Today TV announced that they were going to broadcast for a small amount of time during the day, timesharing with Dave +1. Also, January saw NETPLAY TV launch on channel 49, timesharing with Super Casino on 48. This shows Rocks&Co and various JML presentations throughout the day. Finally, Directgov launched on channel 106.[citation needed]

Quest, was due to launch on Channel 47 on 14 May. Following the broadcast of a preview loop from 07:00, the channel launch was suspended at 10:00 by its channel owners, who stated that the channel would be delayed until later in the year due "to a number of commercial factors". [citation needed] The channel successfully launched on 30 September 2009.

After Quest was launched, Film4 broadcast hours were extended to 09:45 – 08:45 (although films only broadcast between 11:00 – around 04:00), as Gems TV changed its schedule to broadcast during Quest's downtime (between 01:00 – 11:00). Film4 now, instead of closing down in downtime hours, instead broadcasts teleshopping or an animated caption stating it will return at 11:00. Around the same time, Gems TV ceased its second stream and was replaced by extended coverage of CNN.

On 20 May Virgin1 went 24 hours on Freeview, with a timeshifted version of the channel on channel 35 between 18:00 and 06:00. However, it was, later in the year, reduced back to 09:00 – 19:00 in Wales and to 09:00 – 03:00 for the rest of the UK, allowing Tease Me TV to launch.[13]

On 15 July 2009, quiz channel Big Deal launches on channel 37 between 22:00 and 05:00, timesharing with Create and Craft and Russia Today. [citation needed]

Freeview underwent a major multiplex re-configuration on 30 September 2009, which required all Freeview users to retune.[14] This cleared multiplex B (aka PSB3 aka BBCB) to run in DVB-T2 mode, and moved all BBC television and radio services to multiplex PSB1 (BBCA) in post-DSO areas. Five moved to multiplex 2/PSB2/D3+4, swapping with ITV3 which ended up on multiplex A/COM4/SDN. ITV4 moved to Multiplex D/COM6 swapping with ITV2 +1, which ended up on Multiplex 2/PSB2 (in ITV plc areas ITV2 +1 moved to LCN 33 in anticipation that it would become ITV1 +1).[15] 18 million households were required to retune their television sets on or after midday on 30 September.[14] The changes lead to several hundred complaints from people who had lost channels as a result of retuning their equipment.[16]

To make room for the HD channels, the number of interactive BBC streams was reduced from 4 to 2 in pre-DSO areas and 1 in post-DSO areas, and the Community Channel became inaccessible to post-DSO areas. However, as the Community Channel later switched multiplexes from B to C, it was restored to post-DSO areas.

Freeview HD started broadcasting on 2 December 2009, when BBC HD and ITV HD started transmission to parts of the country.[17]

2010

In February 2010 National Lottery Extra ceased to exist. The channel was replaced by extended coverage of Film4, which became 24/7 once the channel stopped, but continued to show just teleshopping and animated captions between around 04:00 – 11:00.

Channel 4 HD joined the platform on 30 March 2010.[18] A few days later, on 2 April, ITV1 HD launched as a standard channel on all platforms. The high-definition version of S4C, Clirlun, launched on 30 April 2010.

Five HD was originally planned to be the fourth HD channel to launch on Freeview. But in March, it was revealed that Five HD would not be launching in 2010. The other applicant, Film4 HD, was also unable to launch. The commercial public service broadcasters will be able apply to the launch of another HD service in 2012, when a fifth HD stream is expected to become available.[19]

The fourth HD channel slot was automatically given to the BBC, who, on 28 May, announced that they intended to use the space to launch a high-definition simulcast of BBC One in the autumn.[20]

During June 2010, 4TVInteractive ceased broadcasting on the platform on channel 300. It was used to provide up to 14 days worth of EPG data to compatible receivers between 03:00 and 04:00. Receivers which relied solely on this data and are not compatible with the standard 8-day EPG requirement for products with digital tick are no longer able to provide advance EPG data.

On 1 July 2010, Al-Jazeera English launched on the platform[21] and Russia Today extended its hours to broadcast 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

During August 2010, Sky Sports 1 and 2 were made available on digital terrestrial television via BT Vision and Top Up TV.

On 23 August 2010, Sky Sports News was removed from the platform due to it becoming a pay TV channel. The slot was then reused for a 1-hour timeshift of Sky3, called Sky3 +1.

On Friday 3 September 2010, Virgin1 changed their name to Channel One. This was because its new owner, Sky, was not entitled to use the Virgin name in their channels.

On the midnight after 13 November 2010, CNN International was removed from Freeview.

On 30 November 2010, S4C2 was removed from Freeview, for this being because its live coverage from the National Eisteddfod and Royal Welsh show would be more heavily featured on the main S4C channel. It ceased broadcasting on all remaining platforms on 6 December 2010.

2011

ITV launched their timeshift channel for ITV1 which is called ITV1 +1 on 11 January 2011. To make way for the timeshift, ITV2 +1 no longer broadcast for 24 hours a day and changed its hours to 19:00 – 06:00. However, ITV2 +1 restored its 24/7 status on 2 August 2011 as a new eleventh stream became available on the multiplex.

Channel One began to leave Freeview across the country, starting with Wales on 31 January 2011 at 19:00 and finishing with the rest of the country on 1 February 2011 at 03:00. On the other platforms, Channel One continued until 1 February 2011 at 06:00 with its one-hour timeshift, Channel One +1, ceasing broadcasts at 07:00 the same day. On Freeview, the slot was used to launch Challenge. Challenge launched at 09:00 the day Channel One stopped broadcasting.

Sky3 & Sky3 +1 became Pick TV & Pick TV +1 at 06:00 on 28 February 2011.

The Scottish Gaelic channel BBC Alba was launched in Scotland on 8 June 2011, replacing TeleG, which had been on channel 8 in Scotland from the launch of Freeview. To make room for the launch, all radio stations owned by BBC (except BBC Radio 1Xtra, BBC Radio 5 Live and BBC 6 Music) now only operate between midnight and 17:00 (16:00 on weekends). However, the radio stations are only affected when watching in Scotland via Freeview.

Gems TV stopped timesharing with Quest on 30 June 2011, as a new stream became available on the multiplex.

Food Network launched on channel 49 on 7 July 2011, broadcasting between 18:00 and 22:00.[22]

Really launched on channel 20 on 2 August at 10:00, reducing Dave ja vu to a two-hour service between 02:00 – 04:00.[23]

Pick TV +1 closed on channel 44 on 20 September 2011 at 14:00. This allowed all channels owned by Sky to be on multiplex C as well as Challenge to go 24 hours in Wales.

On 21 September 2011, the Jewellery Channel was restored to Freeview, this time being on channel 60. The channel replaced Challenge's old slot on multiplex A.

In October 2011, Daystar silently closed on channel 47. The channel however continues to broadcast on other platforms.

2012

Movies4Men, Movies4Men +1, Movies4Men2 and Movies4Men 2 +1 all closed in January 2012 on the local multiplex that broadcasts in Manchester. Movies4Men 2 and Movies4Men 2 +1 closed themselves in May of that year. Movies4Men and Movies4Men +1 returned about a year later in Manchester. In 2014 Movies4men returned. Movies4men +1 replaces the old Movies4men in Manchester

4seven launched on channel 47 with a placeholder channel on 2 April 2012 in post-switchover areas, and officially launched on 4 July 2012.

2013

BBC Two HD launched on 19 February on channel 102 replacing BBC HD

Drama launched on 8 July on channel 20 replacing GOLD which moved to channel 26. This then caused the previous channel 26 station Home to be moved to new channel number 54. This also caused Dave ja vu to reduce its broadcast hours

Film4 moved to multiplex 2, making the channel more widely available in the UK

Travel Channel launched on channel 42 with limited broadcast hours of 18:00–22:00

True Entertainment launched on channel 61, making it the first CSC Media Group channel to launch on the platform

Pay TV provider Top Up TV closed on 31 October after 9 years of providing extra pay TV content. Most Top Up TV set top boxes will still be able to receive Freeview channels

In July 2013 Ofcom announced that they would make some of the spectrum freed up up from the analogue switchover to launch two additional terrestrial multiplexes that could carry ten high-definition channels. The BBC subsequently announced that it would launch high-definition versions of BBC Three, BBC Four, BBC News, CBBC and CBeebies.[24] All these channels launched on 10 December 2013, with BBC Three and CBBC using vacant capacity on BBC's existing multiplex, while the others used the new capacity.

One other HD channel, Al Jazeera English, had launched in November, also using the new multiplexes.

2014

Channel 5 +24 launched on 4 February on channel 55. Between 7pm and 12 midnight, it broadcasts the previous day's Channel 5 schedule.

Movies4Men returned to Freeview nationwide. It had previously been Manchester only.

Pop launched on 20 March 2014, making the it the 4th children's channel (other than HD Channels) to launch on Freeview.

Shop at Bid and Price Drop closed on 17 April 2014, with the channels being removed from the EPG on 25 April 2014.

On 8 May 2014, Chart Show TV launched, but timeshares with POP meaning it is nighttime only. This did not last very long as Chart Show TV is now only available on the Manchester Stream. POP became 24 Hours in the process.

References

  1. ^ "UK DTT Channel List (free-to-view including yr2002 dtt trials)". Unsatisfactorysoftware.co.uk. Retrieved 25 February 2009.
  2. ^ "UK DTT Channel List (Freeview)". Unsatisfactorysoftware.co.uk. Retrieved 25 February 2009.
  3. ^ "UK DTT Channel List (Freeview/Top Up TV)". Unsatisfactorysoftware.co.uk. Retrieved 25 February 2009.
  4. ^ "Confirmed: Channel 4 wins new Freeview slot". digital Spy. 28 November 2005.
  5. ^ Lovelace Consulting (21 November 2005). "Five buys stake in Top Up TV – DTG News". Dtg.org.uk. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
  6. ^ "Five launches Two New Channels". Broadcast Now. 5 June 2006. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
  7. ^ Lovelace Consulting (14 March 2007). "ITV Play closes down, replaced by ITV2+1 – DTG News". Dtg.org.uk. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
  8. ^ "Freeview Press Release on the launch of Channel4+1". Freeview.co.uk. 20 August 2007. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
  9. ^ Lovelace Consulting. "DTG News Item – Disney to axe ABC1". Dtg.org.uk. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
  10. ^ Thursday, 20 September 2007, 10:26 BST (20 September 2007). "UKTV G2 becomes Dave, Joins Freeview". Digital Spy. Retrieved 27 January 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ "Round the clock broadcasts for ITV4". Digital Spy. 7 February 2008.
  12. ^ "The Hits becomes 4Music – Digital Spy News". Digitalspy.co.uk. 18 July 2008. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
  13. ^ "Digital TV – News – Virgin1 to go 24 hours on Freeview – Digital Spy". Retrieved 1 August 2009.
  14. ^ a b "18m Freeview homes in TV retune". BBC News. 30 September 2009. Retrieved 30 September 2009.
  15. ^ [Freeview – Remember to Retune http://www.freeview.co.uk/freeview/Press/Freeview-launches-Remember-to-Retune-campaign]
  16. ^ "Complaints over Freeview retune". BBC News. 30 September 2009. Retrieved 30 September 2009.
  17. ^ "Freeview HD begins UK transmissions". Digital Spy. 2 December 2009.
  18. ^ "Channel 4 HD launches on Freeview HD". Digital Spy. 30 March 2010.
  19. ^ "Digital TV – News – No Five HD on Freeview before 2012". Digital Spy. 15 March 2010. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
  20. ^ "BBC One HD to launch in autumn". Digital Spy. 28 May 2010.
  21. ^ Sweney, Mark (30 June 2010). "Al-Jazeera English to launch on Freeview". London: mediaguardian.co.uk.
  22. ^ Food Network UK launches on Freeview channel 49 on 7 July 2011 – Freeview.co.uk
  23. ^ Really launches on Freeview channel 20 and replaces Dave Ja Vu on 2 August 2011 – Freeview.co.uk
  24. ^ "BBC to launch five new HD channels". BBC News. 16 July 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
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