Hup language
| Hup | |
|---|---|
| Hupdë | |
| Pronunciation | [húpʔɨ̌d] |
| Native to | Brazil |
| Ethnicity | Hupd'ëh, Yohup |
Native speakers | 1,700 (2006–2007)[1] |
Nadahup
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Either:jup – Hupyab – Yuhup (Yahup) |
| Glottolog | hupy1235 |
| ELP | Hupda |
The Hup language (also called Hupdë,[2] Hupdá, Hupdé, Hupdá Makú, Jupdá, Macú, Makú-Hupdá, Macú De, Hupda, and Jupde) is one of the four Nadahup languages. It is spoken by the Hupda and Yohup, indigenous Amazonian peoples who live in Brazil and Colombia. There are at least three main dialects of Hupdë, of which Yohup (Yuhupde, Yahup) is so distinct that native speakers report limited mutual intelligibility.[3] Hupdë is considered an inferior language by the neighbouring peoples of the Hupda. This has led to all adult Hupda becoming bilingual, speaking both Hupdë and Tucanoan. The bilingualism is one-sided, however, as native speakers of Tucanoan do not believe Hupdë to be a language worth learning.[4] Hupdë is a nominative–accusative language,[5] with a highly developed evidentiality system.[6]
Phonology
Consonants
Hup has glottalized consonants of both stops and approximants which can be seen in the chart below.[7]This language also has nasal allophones of the voiced stops.[7]
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glottalized Stop | b' | d' | j' | g' | |
| Unvoiced Stop | p | t | c | k | ʔ |
| Voiced Stop | b | d | j | g | |
| Fricative | ç | h | |||
| Glottalized Approximant | w' | y' | |||
| Approximant | w | y |
Vowels
While this language has nasal vowels, as well, they are not contrastive with the oral counterparts.[7]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ɨ | u |
| Mid | e | ə | o |
| Open | æ | a | ɔ |
References
- ^ Hup at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Yuhup (Yahup) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) - ^ The letter ë stands for [ə].
- ^ Christopher Moseley (2007). Encyclopedia of the world's endangered languages. Routledge. p. 132. ISBN 0-7007-1197-X.
- ^ Grammars in Contact. Oxford University Press. 2006. pp. 268–269. ISBN 0-19-920783-6.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ Robert M. W. Dixon; Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald (1999). The Amazonian Languages. Cambridge University Press. p. 404. ISBN 0-521-57021-2.
- ^ Epps, Patience (2005). Areal diffusion and the development of evidentiality: Evidence from Hup. Studies in Language, 29:617-650.
- ^ a b c Epps, Patience (2008). A Grammar of Hup. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
- Patience Epps (2008) A Grammar of Hup. Mouton de Gruyter.
- Moore, Barbara J.; Franklin, Gail L. Breves notícias da língua Maku-Hupda. Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1979 [1]
External links
- Hup Vocabulary List (from the World Loanword Database)
- Hup basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
- Hup Collection of Patience Epps at the Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America. Contains audio recordings and transcriptions of Hup language materials, "most from the Middle Tiquié River (primarily villages of Tat Dëh / Taracua Igarapé and Barreira Alta). A few texts from other communities, including Umari Norte of the upper Tiquié."
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