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Intel Graphics Technology

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Intel HD and Iris Graphics
API support
DirectXDirect3D 10+ (see capabilities)[1]
Shader Model 4+ (see capabilities)[1]
OpenCLDepending on version (see capabilities)[1]
OpenGLOpenGL 2.1+ (see capabilities)[1][2][3]
History
PredecessorIntel GMA
Core i5 processor with integrated HD Graphics 2000

Intel HD Graphics is a series of Intel's integrated graphics processors (IGPs) introduced in 2010 that are manufactured on the same package or die as the central processing unit (CPU).

Intel Iris Graphics and Intel Iris Pro Graphics are the IGP series introduced in 2013 with some models of Haswell processors as the high-performance versions of HD Graphics. Iris Pro Graphics was the first in the series to incorporate embedded DRAM.[4]

In the fourth quarter of 2013, Intel integrated graphics represented, in units, 65% of all PC graphics processor shipments.[5] However, this percentage does not represent actual adoption as a number of these shipped units end up in systems outfitted with discrete graphics cards.

History

Before the introduction of Intel HD Graphics, Intel integrated graphics were built into the motherboard's northbridge, as part of the Intel's Hub Architecture. This included Intel Extreme Graphics and the Intel Graphics Media Accelerator. As part of the Platform Controller Hub (PCH) design, the northbridge was eliminated and graphics processing was moved to the same die with the central processing unit (CPU).

The previous Intel integrated graphics solution, Intel GMA, had a reputation of lacking performance and features, and therefore was not considered to be a good choice for more demanding graphics applications, such as 3D gaming. The performance increases brought by Intel's HD Graphics made the products competitive with integrated graphics adapters made by its rivals, Nvidia and ATI/AMD.[6] Intel HD Graphics, featuring minimal power consumption that is important in laptops, was capable enough that PC manufacturers often stopped offering discrete graphics options in their low-end and mid-range laptop lines.

With the introduction of "Iris Graphics" and "Iris Pro Graphics" lines, the "HD Graphics" name has been relegated to denoting Intel's lower-end and mid-range integrated graphics products.

Generations

See also: List of Intel graphics processing units

Westmere

In January 2010, Clarkdale and Arrandale processors with Ironlake graphics were released, and branded as Celeron, Pentium, or Core with HD Graphics:[7]

  • HD Graphics – 12 execution units, up to 43.2 GFLOPS at 900 MHz

Sandy Bridge

In January 2011, the Sandy Bridge processors were released, introducing the "second generation" HD Graphics:

  • HD Graphics – 6 execution units[a]
  • HD Graphics 2000 – 6 execution units and additional features,[b] up to 64.8 GFLOPS at 1.35 GHz
  • HD Graphics 3000 – 12 execution units and additional features,[b] up to 129.6 GFLOPS at 1.35 GHz

Ivy Bridge

On 24 April 2012, Ivy Bridge was released, introducing the "third generation" of Intel's HD graphics:[8]

  • HD Graphics – 6 execution units[c]
  • HD Graphics 2500 – 6 execution units and additional features,[b] up to 110.4 GFLOPS at 1.15 GHz
  • HD Graphics 4000 – 16 execution units and additional features,[b] up to 332.8 GFLOPS at 1.3 GHz

For some low-power mobile CPUs there is limited video decoding support, while none of the desktop CPUs have this limitation.

Haswell

Intel Haswell i7-4771 CPU, which contains integrated HD Graphics 4600 (GT2)

On 12 September 2012, Haswell CPUs were announced, with four models of integrated GPUs:

  • HD Graphics – GT1, 10 execution units, up to 184 GFLOPS at 1.15 GHz
  • HD Graphics 4200, 4400, 4600, P4600, P4700 – GT2, 20 execution units, up to 432 GFLOPS at 1.35 GHz
  • HD Graphics 5000 – GT3, 40 execution units, twice the performance of HD4xxx for compute-limited workloads, 15 W TDP SKUs, up to 704 GFLOPS
  • Iris Graphics 5100 – the same as HD Graphics 5000, 28 W TDP SKUs, but higher maximum frequency of 1.3 instead of 1.1 GHz,[4] up to 832 GFLOPS
  • Iris Pro Graphics 5200 – GT3e, the same as GT3 but with addition of a 128 MB embedded DRAM (eDRAM) cache to improve performance of bandwidth-limited workloads[4]

The 128 MB of eDRAM is on the same package as the CPU, but in a separate die manufactured in a different process. Intel refers to this as a Level 4 cache that is available to both CPU and GPU, naming it Crystalwell. Linux support for this eDRAM is expected in kernel version 3.12, by making the drm/i915 driver aware and capable of using it.[9][10][11]

Integrated Iris Pro Graphics was adopted by Apple for their late-2013 15-inch MacBook Pro laptops (with Retina Display), which for the first time in the history of the series did not have discrete graphics, although only for the low-end model.[12] It was also included on the late-2013 21.5-inch iMac.[13]

Broadwell

In November 2013, it was announced that Broadwell-K desktop processors (aimed at enthusiasts) will also carry Iris Pro Graphics.[14]

The following models of integrated GPU are announced for Broadwell processors:[15][better source needed]

  • HD Graphics, GT1 – 12 execution units, up to 163.2 GFLOPS at 850 MHz
  • HD Graphics 5300, GT2 – 24 execution units, up to 345.6 GFLOPS at 900 MHz
  • HD Graphics 5500, GT2 – 24 execution units, up to 364.8 GFLOPS at 950 MHz
  • HD Graphics 5600, GT2 – 24 execution units, up to 403.2 GFLOPS at 1.05 GHz
  • HD Graphics 6000, GT3 – 48 execution units, up to 768 GFLOPS at 1 GHz
  • Iris Graphics 6100, GT3 – 48 execution units, up to 844.8 GFLOPS at 1.1 GHz
  • Iris Pro Graphics 6200, GT3e – 48 execution units with up to 128 MB of eDRAM, up to 883.2 GFLOPS at 1.15 GHz

The following integrated GPUs are found in Intel Xeon E3 v4 processors:

  • HD Graphics P5700, GT2 – 24 execution units, up to 384 GFLOPS at 1 GHz
  • Iris Pro Graphics P6300, GT3e – 48 execution units with 128 MB of eDRAM, up to 883.2 GFLOPS at 1.15 GHz

Airmont

Skylake

The Skylake line of processors retires VGA support, while supporting multi-monitor setups of up to three monitors connected via HDMI 1.4, DisplayPort 1.2 or Embedded DisplayPort (eDP) 1.3 interfaces.[16][17]

The following models of integrated GPU are available or announced for the Skylake processors:[18][19][better source needed]

  • HD Graphics 510, GT1 – 12 execution units, up to 182.4 GFLOPS at 950 MHz
  • HD Graphics 515, GT2 – 24 execution units, up to 384 GFLOPS at 1 GHz
  • HD Graphics 520, GT2 – 24 execution units, up to 403.2 GFLOPS at 1.05 GHz
  • HD Graphics 530, GT2 – 24 execution units, up to 441.6 GFLOPS at 1.15 GHz[16]
  • Iris Graphics 540, GT3e – 48 execution units with 64 MB of eDRAM, up to 806.4 GFLOPS at 1.05 GHz
  • Iris Graphics 550, GT3e – 48 execution units with 64 MB of eDRAM (the same as 540 but with a higher maximum clock and TDP), up to 844.8 GFLOPS at 1.1 GHz
  • Iris Pro Graphics 580, GT4e – 72 execution units with 64 or 128 MB of eDRAM, 1152 GFLOPS at 1 GHz

The following integrated GPUs are found in Intel Xeon E3 v5 processors:

  • HD Graphics P530, GT2 – 24 execution units
  • Iris Pro Graphics P580, GT4e – 72 execution units with 64 or 128 MB of eDRAM, 1152 GFLOPS at 1 GHz

Features

Intel Insider

Beginning with Sandy Bridge, the graphics processors include a form of digital copy protection and digital rights management (DRM) called Intel Insider, which allows decryption of protected media within the processor.[20][21] Previously there was a similar technology called Protected Audio Video Path (PAVP).

Intel Quick Sync Video

Main article: Intel Quick Sync Video

Intel Quick Sync Video is Intel's hardware video encoding and decoding technology, which is integrated into some of the Intel CPUs. The name "Quick Sync" refers to the use case of quickly transcoding ("syncing") a video from, for example, a DVD or Blu-ray Disc to a format appropriate to, for example, a smartphone. Quick Sync was introduced with the Sandy Bridge CPU microarchitecture on 9 January 2011.

Graphics Virtualization Technology

Main article: Graphics Virtualization Technology

Graphics Virtualization Technology was announced 1 January 2014 and is supported by Iris Pro GPUs.[22]

Multiple monitors

See also: Multi-monitor and Digital Visual Interface § Clock and data relationship

Ivy Bridge

HD 2500 and HD 4000 GPUs in Ivy Bridge CPUs are advertised as supporting three active monitors, but many users have found that this does not work for them due to the chipsets only supporting two active monitors in many common configurations. The reason for this is that the chipsets only include two phase-locked loops (PLLs); a PLL generates a pixel clock at a certain frequency which is used to sync the timings of data being transferred between the GPU and displays.[23]

Therefore, three simultaneously active monitors can only be achieved by a hardware configuration that requires only two unique pixel clocks, such as:

  • Using two or three DisplayPort connections, as they require only a single pixel clock for all connections.[24] Passive adapters from DisplayPort to some other connector rely on the chipset being able to emit a non-DisplayPort signal through the DisplayPort connector, and thus do not count as a DisplayPort connection. Active adapters that contain additional logic to convert the DisplayPort signal to some other format count as a DisplayPort connection.
  • By using two non-DisplayPort connections of the same connection type (for example, two HDMI connections) and the same clock frequency (like when connected to two identical monitors at the same resolution), so that a single unique pixel clock can be shared between both connections.[25]
  • Using the Embedded DisplayPort on a mobile CPU along with any two other outputs.[24]

Haswell

ASRock Z87- and H87-based motherboards support three displays simultaneously.[26] Asus H87-based motherboards are also advertised to support three independent monitors at once.[27]

Capabilities

Intel microarchitecture Pentium model Celeron model Graphics generation Models Vulkan version OpenGL version DirectX version HLSL shader model OpenCL version
Westmere (G/P)6000 and U5000 P4000 and U3000 5th[28] HD — 2.1 10.0 4.0 —
Sandy Bridge (B)900, (G)800 and (G)600 (B)800, (B)700, G500 and G400 6th[29] HD 3000 and 2000 3.1/3.3[30][31] 10.1 4.1 —
Ivy Bridge (G)2000 and A1018 G1600, 1000 and 900 7th[32] HD 4000 and 2500 1.0 4.0[33] 11.0 5.0 1.2
Silvermont J2000, N3500 and A1020 J1000 and N2000 7th[34] HD Graphics (Bay Trail)[35] 4.0[30] 11.0 5.0 1.2[36]
Haswell (G)3000 G1800 and 2000 7.5th[37] HD 5000, 4600, 4400 and 4200; Iris 5200 and 5100 4.3[38] 11.1 5.0 1.2
Broadwell 3800 3700 and 3200 8th[39] Iris Pro 6200[40] and P6300, Iris 6100[41] and HD 6000,[42] P5700, 5600,[43] 5500,[44] 5300[45] and HD Graphics (Broadwell)[46] 4.4 11.2 5.0 2.0
Airmont N3700 N3000, N3050, N3150 8th HD Graphics (Braswell),[47] based on Broadwell graphics 4.4 11.2 5.0 2.0
(J/N)3710 (J/N)3010, 3060, 3160 (rebranded)
HD Graphics 400, 405
Skylake (G)4000 3900 and 3800 9th HD 510, 515, 520, 530 and 535; Iris 540 and 550; Iris Pro 580 4.4[48] 12 5.1 2.0
Goldmont TBA TBA 9th HD Graphics 4.4 12 5.1 2.0
Kaby Lake Un­known Un­known 9.5th[49] Un­known 4.4 12 5.1 2.0

Capabilities (GPU video acceleration)

Intel Core microarchitecture GPU video acceleration
VED
(Video Encode / Decode)		 H.265/HEVC H.264/MPEG-4 AVC MPEG-2 VC-1 WMV9 JPEG
/
MJPEG		 VP8 VP9
Westmere
Sandy Bridge
Ivy Bridge Decode Profiles - ConstrainedBaseline, Main, High, StereoHigh Simple, Main Simple, Main, Advanced - Baseline - -
Levels
Max Resolution
Encode Profiles - ConstrainedBaseline, Main, High Simple, Main - - - - -
Levels
Max Resolution
Haswell Decode Profiles Main, High, SHP, MHP Main Simple, Main, Advanced Simple, Main, Advanced Baseline
Levels 4.1 Main, High High, 3 High, 3
Max Resolution 1080/60p 1080/60p 16k×16k
Encode Profiles Main, High Main - - Baseline
Levels 4.1 High - - - -
Max Resolution 1080/60p 1080/60p 16k×16k -
Broadwell[50][51] Decode Profiles Partial 8-bit &10-bit[52] Main Simple, Main, Advanced 0 Partial[52]
Levels Main, High High, 3 Unified
Max Resolution 1080/60p 1080p
Encode Profiles Main - -
Levels Main, High - - - -
Max Resolution 1080/60p - - -
Skylake[53] Decode Profiles Main Main, High, SHP, MHP Main Simple, Main, Advanced Simple, Main, Advanced Baseline 0 0
Levels 5.1 5.1 Main, High High, 3 High, 3 Unified Unified Unified
Max Resolution 2160/60p 2160/60p 1080/60p 3840×3840 3840×3840 16k×16k 1080p 4k/24p@15Mbit/s
Encode Profiles Main Main, High Main - - Baseline Unified
Levels 5.1 5.1 High - - - Unified -
Max Resolution 2160/60p 2160/60p 1080/60p - - 16k×16k - -
Kaby Lake
Intel Pentium & Celeron family GPU video acceleration
VED
(Video Encode / Decode)		 H.265/HEVC H.264/MPEG-4 AVC MPEG-4 Visual H.263 MPEG-2 VC-1 WMV9 JPEG/MJPEG VP8 VP9
Braswell[54][d][e][f][g] Decode Profile Main CBP, Main, High Main, High Advanced Main 850 MP/s 4:2:0
640 MP/s 4:2:2
420 MP/s 4:4:4
Level 5 5.2 High 4 High
Max Resolution 4k×2k/30p 4k×2k/60p 1080/60p 1080/60p 1080/30p 4k×2k/60p 1080/30p
Encode Profile N/A CBP, Main, High Main, High N/A N/A 850 MP/s 4:2:0
640 MP/s 4:2:2
420 MP/s 4:4:4		 Up to 720p30
Level 5.1 High
Max Resolution 4k×2k/30p 1080/30p 4k×2k/30p
Apollo Lake
Intel Atom family GPU video acceleration
VED
(Video Encode / Decode)		 H.265/HEVC H.264/MPEG-4 AVC MPEG-4 Visual H.263 MPEG-2 VC-1 WMV9 JPEG/MJPEG VP8 VP9
Bay Trail-T Decode[55] Profile - Main, High Main 0 -
Level - 5.1 High Unified -
Max Resolution - 4k×2k/30p 1080/60p 4k×2k/30p 4k×2k/30p 4k×2k/30p 1080p/60p -
Encode[55] Profile - Main, High Main - - - - -
Level - 5.1 High - - - - -
Max Resolution - 4k×2k/30p 1080/60p 1080/30p 1080/30p - 1080/30p -
Cherry Trail-T[56] Decode Profile Main CBP, Main, High Main Advanced 1067 Mbit/s - 4:2:0

800 Mbit/s - 4:2:2

Level 5 5.2 High 4
Max Resolution 4k×2k/30p 4k×2k/60p 480/30p 1080/60p 1080/60p 4k×2k/30p 1080/30p
Encode Profile N/A CBP, Main, High Simple 1067 Mbit/s - 4:2:0

800 Mbit/s - 4:2:2

N/A
Level 5.1
Max Resolution 4k×2k/30p 480/30p 480/30p 4k×2k/30p
Willow Trail-T

Documentation

Intel releases programming manuals for most of Intel HD Graphics devices via its Open Source Technology Center.[57] This allows various open source enthusiasts and hackers to contribute to driver development, and port drivers to various operating systems, without the need for reverse engineering.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Celeron and Pentium have Intel HD, while Core i3 and above have either HD 2000 or HD 3000.
  2. ^ a b c d Those include hardware video encoding and HD postprocessing effects.
  3. ^ Celeron and Pentium have Intel HD, while Core i3 and above have either HD 2500 or HD 4000.
  4. ^ VP9 media codec GPU Accelerator to be supported post TTM, for non-Windows operating systems only.
  5. ^ Resolution details for media codec on open source Linux OS depends on platform features and drivers used. Decode/Encode features may not align to Table 8-4 that is specific to Win8.1 and Win7 operating systems.
  6. ^ All capabilities is depended on OS. Here is mentioned HW support. To be able use HW acceleration see PDF at Table 8-4 on 78 page
  7. ^ Windows 10 capabilities not mentioned

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Supported Graphics APIs and Features". Intel.
  2. ^ "OpenGL 3.3 Support Lands In Mesa! Possible Mesa 11.0".
  3. ^ "OpenGL ES Conformant product list".
  4. ^ a b c "Intel Iris Pro 5200 Graphics Review: Core i7-4950HQ Tested". AnandTech. Retrieved 2014-01-12.
  5. ^ "GPU market up—Intel and Nvidia graphics winners in Q4, AMD down". Jon Peddie Research. 2014-02-18. Retrieved 2014-05-14.
  6. ^ "AMD Radeon HD 7310". Notebookcheck.net. 2013-01-17. Retrieved 2014-04-20.
  7. ^ "The Delayed Mobile Nehalems: Clarksfield, Arrandale, and the Calpella Platform". Brighthub.com. 2009-02-22. Retrieved 2014-01-15.
  8. ^ "Intel's Official Ivy Bridge CPU Announcement Finally Live".
  9. ^ Michael Larabel (2013-09-02). "Linux 3.12 Enables Haswell's Iris eLLC Cache Support". phoronix.com. Retrieved 2013-10-25.
  10. ^ "drm/i915: Use eLLC/LLC by default when available". kernel.org. 2013-07-16. Retrieved 2013-10-25.
  11. ^ "drm/i915: Use Write-Through cacheing for the display plane on Iris". kernel.org. 2013-08-22. Retrieved 2013-10-25.
  12. ^ "15-inch Retina MacBook Pro review: A tale of two laptops". Macworld. 2013-10-31. Retrieved 2014-01-12.
  13. ^ "21.5-inch iMac (Late 2013) Review: Iris Pro Driving an Accurate Display". AnandTech. Retrieved 2014-01-12.
  14. ^ "First Details Regarding Intel "Broadwell-K" Microprocessors Emerge". X-bit labs. Retrieved 2014-01-12.
  15. ^ "Intel will announce Broadwell U 14nm cpu at CES 2014". chinese.vr-zone.com. Retrieved 2014-06-12.
  16. ^ a b Ian Cutress (2015-08-05). "Skylake's iGPU: Intel Gen9 – The Intel 6th Gen Skylake Review: Core i7-6700K and i5-6600K Tested". AnandTech. Retrieved 2015-08-06.
  17. ^ Michael Larabel (2014-09-10). "Intel Publishes Initial Skylake Linux Graphics Support". Phoronix. Retrieved 2014-09-16.
  18. ^ "Khronos Products: Conformant Products". khronos.org. 2015-07-11. Retrieved 2015-08-08.
  19. ^ Ian Cutress (2015-09-01). "Intel's Generation 9 Graphics – The Intel Skylake Mobile and Desktop Launch, with Architecture Analysis". AnandTech. Retrieved 2015-09-02.
  20. ^ Knupffer, Nick. "Intel Insider – What Is It? (IS it DRM? And yes it delivers top quality movies to your PC)". Archived from the original on 2013-06-22. Retrieved 2011-02-02.
  21. ^ Agam Shah (2011-01-06). "Intel: Sandy Bridge's Insider is not DRM". Computerworld. Retrieved 2014-03-22.
  22. ^ "Intel® Graphics Virtualization Update".
  23. ^ LG Nilsson (2012-03-12). "Most desktop Ivy Bridge systems won't support three displays". VRZone. Despite the fact that Intel has been banging its drums about support for up to three displays on the upcoming 7-series motherboards in combination with a shiny new Ivy Bridge based CPU, this isn't likely to be the case. The simple reason behind this is that very few, if any motherboards will sport a pair of DisplayPort connectors.
  24. ^ a b David Galus (February 2013). "Migration to New Display Technologies on Intel Embedded Platforms" (PDF). Intel. The Intel® 7 Series Chipset based platform allows for the support of up to three concurrent displays with independent or replicated content. However, this comes with the requirement that either one of the displays is eDP running off the CPU or two DP interfaces are being used off the PCH. When configuring the 2 DP interfaces from the PCH, one may be an eDP if using Port D. This limitation exists because the 7 Series Intel PCH contains only two display PLLs (the CPU has one display PLL also) which will control the clocking for the respective displays. All display types other than DP have an external variable clock frequency associated with the display resolution that is being used. The DP interface has an embedded clocking scheme that is semi- variable, either at 162 or 270 MHz depending on the bandwidth required. Therefore, Intel only allows sharing of a display PLL with DP related interfaces.
  25. ^ Michael Larabel (2011-10-06). "Details On Intel Ivy Bridge Triple Monitor Support". A limitation of this triple monitor support for Ivy Bridge is that two of the pipes need to share a PLL. Ivy Bridge has three planes, three pipes, three transcoders, and three FDI (Flexible Display Interface) interfaces for this triple monitor support, but there's only two pipe PLLs. This means that two of the three outputs need to have the same connection type and same timings. However, most people in a triple monitor environment will have at least two — if not all three — of the monitors be identical and configured the same, so this shouldn't be a terribly huge issue.
  26. ^ "Z87E-ITX". ASRock. This motherboard supports Triple Monitor. You may choose up to three display interfaces to connect monitors and use them simultaneously.
  27. ^ "H87I-PLUS". Asus. Connect up to three independent monitors at once using video outputs such as DisplayPort, Mini DisplayPort, HDMI, DVI, or VGA. Choose your outputs and set displays to either mirror mode or collage mode.
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  29. ^ http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/datasheets/2nd-gen-core-desktop-vol-1-datasheet.pdf
  30. ^ a b "Graphics Drivers — Supported Graphics APIs and Features". Intel.com. Retrieved 2015-09-13.
  31. ^ Michael Larabel (2014-09-20). "OpenGL 3.3 / GLSL 3.30 Lands For Intel Sandy Bridge On Mesa". Phoronix.
  32. ^ "Desktop 3rd Gen Intel Core Processor Family: Datasheet, Vol. 1". Intel. Retrieved 2015-06-18.
  33. ^ "Release Notes Driver version: 15.33.22.64.3621" (PDF). 2014-06-02. Retrieved 2014-07-21.
  34. ^ "Intel Pentium Processor N3500-series, J2850, J2900, and Intel Celeron Processor N2900-series, N2800-series, J1800-series, J1900, J1750 - Datasheet" (PDF). intel.com. 2014-11-01. p. 19. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
  35. ^ "Intel HD Graphics (Bay Trail)". notebookcheck.net. Retrieved 2016-01-26.
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  40. ^ "Intel Iris Pro Graphics 6200". notebookcheck.net. Retrieved 2016-02-09.
  41. ^ "Intel Iris Graphics 6100". notebookcheck.net. Retrieved 2016-02-09.
  42. ^ "Intel HD Graphics 6000". notebookcheck.net. Retrieved 2016-02-09.
  43. ^ "Intel HD Graphics 5600". notebookcheck.net. Retrieved 2016-02-09.
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  45. ^ "Intel HD Graphics 5300". notebookcheck.net. Retrieved 2016-02-09.
  46. ^ "Intel HD Graphics (Broadwell)". notebookcheck.net. Retrieved 2016-02-09.
  47. ^ "Intel HD Graphics (Braswell)". notebookcheck.net. Retrieved 2016-01-26.
  48. ^ "Intel Skylake-S CPUs and 100-series Chipsets Detailed in Apparent Leak". NDTV Gadgets. 17 April 2015.
  49. ^ "Intel Is Already Publishing Open-Source "Kabylake" Graphics Driver Patches". Phoronix.com. 27 October 2015.
  50. ^ "5th Generation Intel® Core™ Processor Family Datasheet Vol. 1" (PDF) (PDF). Intel Corporation. 1 June 2015. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
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  52. ^ a b "-NEW- Intel® Iris™ and HD Graphics Driver update posted for Haswell and Broadwell version 15.36.14.4080" (web). -NEW- Intel® Iris™ and HD Graphics Driver update posted for Haswell and Broadwell version 15.36.14.4080. Intel. 19 January 2015. Retrieved 16 April 2016. {{cite web}}: |first= missing |last= (help)
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  57. ^ "Linux Graphics, Documentation". Intel Open Source Technology Center. 01.org. 2014-01-12. Retrieved 2014-01-12.
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