User:Octopus-Hands/test

Human; Temporal range: Pleistocene
	Image of a man and a woman on Pioneer plaque, sent into space with the Pioneer 11 mission
Conservation status
	Secure
Scientific classification
Superkingdom:	Eukarya
Kingdom:	Animalia
Subkingdom:	Eumetazoa
Superphylum:	Deuterostomia
Phylum:	Chordata
Subphylum:	Vertebrata
Infraphylum:	Gnathostomata
Class:	Mammalia
Subclass:	Theria
Infraclass:	Placentalia
Order:	Primates
Suborder:	Haplorrhini
Infraorder:	Simiiformes
Parvorder:	Catarrhini
Superfamily:	Hominoidea
Family:	Hominidae
Subfamily:	Homininae
Tribe:	Hominini
Subtribe:	Hominina
Genus:	Homo
Species:	Homo sapiens
Subspecies:	H.S. idaltu & H.S. sapiens
Binomial name
	Homo sapiens; Linnaeus, 1758
Trinomial name
	Homo sapiens sapiens;

Human evolution is ????

Evolution

In biology, evolution is change in the heritable traits of a population over successive generations, as determined by shifts in the allele frequencies of genes. Over time, this process can result in speciation, the development of new species from existing ones. All contemporary organisms on earth are related to each other through common descent, the products of cumulative evolutionary changes over billions of years. Evolution is thus the source of the vast diversity of life on Earth, including the many extinct species attested to in the fossil record.^[1]^[2]

The modern understanding of evolution is based on the theory of natural selection, which was first set out in a joint 1858 paper by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace and popularized in Darwin's 1859 book The Origin of Species. In the 1930s, Darwinian natural selection was combined with the theory of Mendelian heredity to form the modern evolutionary synthesis, also known as "Neo-Darwinism". The modern synthesis describes evolution as a change in the frequency of alleles within a population from one generation to the next. With its enormous explanatory and predictive power, this theory has become the central organizing principle of modern biology, relating directly to topics such as the origin of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, eusociality in insects, and the staggering biodiversity of Earth's ecosystem.

Natural selection is the process in which individual organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than those with unfavorable traits. It works on the whole individual, but only the heritable component of a trait will be passed on to the offspring, with the result that favorable, heritable traits become more common in the next generation.Given enough time, this passive process can result in adaptations and speciation.

Opposing views

Primates

Australopithecus

Homo

Origin and migration

Culture

Sociocultural evolution

Subsistence

Food
Hunting
etc.

Tools

Fire

Adaptation

Symbolic thought

Language

Art

Religion

Agriculture

Civilization

Urban

**Hominin Species Distributed Through Time** edit

Comparative table of Homo species

species	lived when (MYA)	lived where	adult length (m)	adult weight (kg)	brain volume (cm³)	fossil record	discovery / publication of name
H. habilis	2.5–1.5	Africa	1.0–1.5	30–55	600	many	1960/1964
H. rudolfensis	1.9	Kenya				1 skull	1972/1986
H. georgicus	1.8–1.6	Georgia			600	few	1999/2002
H. ergaster	1.9–1.25	E. and S. Africa	1.9		700–850	many	1975
H. erectus	2(1.25)–0.3	Africa, Eurasia (Java, China, Caucasus)	1.8	60	900–1100	many	1891/1892
H. cepranensis	0.8?	Italy				1 skull cap	1994/2003
H. antecessor	0.8–0.35	Spain, England	1.75	90	1000	3 sites	1997
H. heidelbergensis	0.6–0.25	Europe, Africa, China	1.8	60	1100–1400	many	1908
H. neanderthalensis	0.23–0.03	Europe, W. Asia	1.6	55–70 (heavily built)	1200-1700	many	(1829)/1864
H. rhodesiensis	0.3–0.12	Zambia			1300	very few	1921
H. sapiens	0.25–present	worldwide	1.4–1.9	55–80	1000–1850	still living	—/1758
H. sapiens idaltu	0.16	Ethiopia			1450	3 craniums	1997/2003
H. floresiensis	0.10–0.012	Indonesia	1.0	25	400	7 individuals	2003/2004

References

^ Futuyma, Douglas J. (2005). Evolution. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates, Inc. ISBN 0-87893-187-2.
^ Gould, Stephen J. (2002). The Structure of Evolutionary Theory. Belknap Press. ISBN 0-674-00613-5.