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Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg

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Jean
Jean at the wedding of his grandson
Prince Louis of Luxembourg, 29 September 2006
Grand Duke of Luxembourg
Reign12 November 1964 – 7 October 2000
PredecessorCharlotte
SuccessorHenri
Born (1921-01-05) 5 January 1921 (age 103)
Berg Castle, Colmar-Berg, Luxembourg
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1953; died 2005)​
Issue
Names
Jean Benoît Guillaume Robert Antoine Louis Marie Adolphe Marc d'Aviano
HouseNassau-Weilburg (official)
Bourbon-Parma (agnatic)
FatherPrince Felix of Bourbon-Parma
MotherCharlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
ReligionCatholicism
SignatureJean's signature

Jean (given names: Jean Benoît Guillaume Robert Antoine Louis Marie Adolphe Marc d'Aviano; born 5 January 1921)[1] reigned as Grand Duke of Luxembourg from 1964 until his abdication in 2000.

Jean was the eldest son of Grand Duchess Charlotte and Prince Felix. Jean's primary education was in Luxemboug initially before attending Ampleforth College in England. In 1938, he was officially named Hereditary Grand Duke as heir to the throne of Luxembourg. While Luxembourg was occupied by Germans during the Second World War, the grand ducal family was abroad in exile. Jean studied at the Université Laval in Quebec City. Jean later volunteered to join the British army's Irish Guards in 1942, and after graduating from the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, received his commission in 1943. He participated in the Normandy landings, the Battle for Caen and joined the Allied forces in the liberation of Luxembourg. From 1984 until 2000, he was made colonel of the Irish Guards.

On 9 April 1953, Jean married Princess Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium with whom he had five children. On 12 November 1964, Grand Duchess Charlotte abdicated and Jean succeeded her as Grand Duke of Luxembourg. He then reigned for 36 years before he himself abdicated on 7 October 2000 and was succeeded by his son, Grand Duke Henri.

Early life

Jean was born on 5 January 1921, at Berg Castle, in central Luxembourg, the son of Grand Duchess Charlotte and of Prince Félix of Bourbon-Parma. Among his godparents was Pope Benedict XV, who gave him his second name.[citation needed] He attended primary school in Luxembourg, where he continued the initial stage of secondary education. He completed secondary school at Ampleforth College, a Roman Catholic boarding school in the United Kingdom. Upon reaching maturity, on 5 January 1939 he was styled 'Hereditary Grand Duke', recognising his status as heir apparent.

Second World War

On 10 May 1940, Germany invaded Luxembourg, beginning a four-year occupation. Having been warned of an imminent invasion, the Grand Ducal Family escaped the previous night. At first, they sought refuge in Paris, before fleeing France only weeks later. The Grand Ducal Family sought refuge in the United States, renting an estate in Brookville, New York. Jean studied Law and Political Science at Université Laval, Quebec City.[2]

He joined the British Army as a volunteer in the Irish Guards in November 1942.[2] After receiving officer training at the Royal Military College at Sandhurst,[2] Jean was commissioned as a lieutenant on 30 July 1943,[3] before being promoted to captain in 1944. He landed in Normandy on 11 June 1944, and took part in the Battle for Caen and the liberation of Brussels.[2] On 10 September 1944, he took part in the liberation of Luxembourg before moving on to Arnhem and the invasion of Germany.[2] He relinquished his commission in the British Army on 26 June 1947.[4] After the war, from 1984 until his abdication, he served as Colonel of the Regiment of the Irish Guards,[2] often riding in uniform behind Queen Elizabeth II during the Trooping the Colour.

Reign

Grand Duke Jean taking the oath.

He was named Lieutenant-Representative of the Grand Duchess on 28 April 1961.[2]

He became Grand Duke when his mother, the Grand Duchess Charlotte, abdicated on 12 November 1964.[5] The same day, he was made a General of the Luxembourg Army.[2]

Grand Duke Jean abdicated on 7 October 2000, and was succeeded on the throne by his son Henri.[2]

Retirement

Grand Duke Jean now lives at Fischbach Castle.[6] On 27 December 2016, Grand Duke Jean was hospitalized due to bronchitis and was discharged from hospital on 4 January 2017, a day before he celebrated his 96th birthday.[7] The Grand Duke Jean Museum of Modern Art (Mudam) bears his name. At age of 103, he is the oldest and the longest-living current or former monarch in the world.[citation needed]

Marriage and family

He was married in Luxembourg on 9 April 1953 to Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium,[2] daughter of Leopold III, King of the Belgians. They had three sons and two daughters:

Titles, styles, and honours

Titles and styles

  • 5 January 1921 – 12 November 1964: His Royal Highness The Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Hereditary Prince of Nassau, Prince of Bourbon-Parma
  • 12 November 1964 – 7 October 2000: His Royal Highness The Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Duke of Nassau
  • 7 October 2000 – present: His Royal Highness Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg, Duke of Nassau

His full title is "by the Grace of God, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Duke of Nassau, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Count of Sayn, Königstein, Katzenelnbogen and Diez, Burgrave of Hammerstein, Lord of Mahlberg, Wiesbaden, Idstein, Merenberg, Limburg and Eppstein." Many of the titles are held without regard to the strict rules of salic inheritance.

Change of dynastic titles

Jean renounced the titles of the House of Bourbon-Parma for himself and his family in 1986[8] when his eldest son, then-Hereditary Grand Duke Henri married Maria-Theresa Mestre. The reason for this was that the Duke of Parma, Carlos Hugo, ruled the marriage unequal in 1981, as well as the marriage of Prince Jean to Hélène Suzanna Vestur in 1987, for which he had renounced his rights to Luxembourg in 1986. It is not known if the marriage of Prince Guillaume was seen by Carlos Hugo as equal.

The Arrêté Grand-Ducal (Grand Ducal decree) of 21 September 1995 established that the title of Prince/Princesse de Luxembourg is reserved for the children of the sovereign and the heir to the throne. It also stated that the descendants in male lineage of the sovereign should be styled as Royal Highnesses and titled Prince/Princess of Nassau and that the descendants of unapproved marriages should be styled as Count/Countess of Nassau.[9]

Luxembourgish honours and awards

See also: List of honours of the Luxembourgish Grand-Ducal Family by country

Foreign honours and awards

Garter-encircled arms of Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, as displayed on his Order of the Garter stall plate in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.

Ancestry

Patrilineal descent

Patrilineal descent

Henri's patriline is the line from which he is descended father to son.

Patrilineal descent is the principle behind membership in royal houses, as it can be traced back through the generations - which means that if Grand Duke Jean were to choose an historically accurate house name it would be Robertian, as all his male-line ancestors have been of that house.

Jean is a member of the House of Bourbon-Parma, a sub-branch of the House of Bourbon-Spain, itself originally a branch of the House of Bourbon, and thus of the Capetian dynasty and of the Robertians.

Jean's patriline is the line from which he is descended father to son. It follows the Dukes of Parma as well as the Kings of Spain, France, and Navarre. The line can be traced back more than 1,200 years from Robert of Hesbaye to the present day, through Kings of France & Navarre, Spain and Two-Sicilies, Dukes of Parma and Grand-Dukes of Luxembourg, Princes of Orléans and Emperors of Brazil. It is one of the oldest in Europe.

  1. Robert II of Worms and Rheingau (Robert of Hesbaye), 770 - 807
  2. Robert III of Worms and Rheingau, 808 - 834
  3. Robert IV the Strong, 820 - 866
  4. Robert I of France, 866 - 923
  5. Hugh the Great, 895 - 956
  6. Hugh Capet, 941 - 996
  7. Robert II of France, 972 - 1031
  8. Henry I of France, 1008–1060
  9. Philip I of France, 1053–1108
  10. Louis VI of France, 1081–1137
  11. Louis VII of France, 1120–1180
  12. Philip II of France, 1165–1223
  13. Louis VIII of France, 1187–1226
  14. Saint Louis IX of France, 1215–1270
  15. Robert, Count of Clermont, 1256–1317
  16. Louis I, Duke of Bourbon, 1279–1342
  17. James I, Count of La Marche, 1319–1362
  18. John I, Count of La Marche, 1344–1393
  19. Louis, Count of Vendôme, 1376–1446
  20. Jean VIII, Count of Vendôme, 1428–1478
  21. François, Count of Vendôme, 1470–1495
  22. Charles de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme, 1489–1537
  23. Antoine of Navarre, 1518–1562
  24. Henry IV of France, 1553–1610
  25. Louis XIII of France, 1601–1643
  26. Louis XIV of France, 1638–1715
  27. Louis, Dauphin of France (1661-1711), 1661–1711
  28. Philip V of Spain, 1683–1746
  29. Philip, Duke of Parma, 1720–1765
  30. Ferdinand, Duke of Parma, 1751–1802
  31. Louis of Etruria, 1773–1803
  32. Charles II, Duke of Parma, 1799–1883
  33. Charles III, Duke of Parma, 1823–1854
  34. Robert I, Duke of Parma, 1848–1907
  35. Felix of Bourbon-Parma, 1893–1970
  36. Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, 1921 -

References

  1. ^ Profile of Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Le Grand-Duc Jean - Cour Grand-Ducale de Luxembourg - Famille grand-ducale". www.monarchie.lu. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
  3. ^ "No. 36191". The London Gazette (2nd supplement). 1 October 1943. p. 4352.
  4. ^ "No. 38206". The London Gazette (3rd supplement). 13 February 1948. p. 1030.
  5. ^ "HRH Grand Duke Jean". Service information et presse du gouvernement luxembourgeois. Archived from the original on 12 July 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ http://www.luxembourg.public.lu/en/le-grand-duche-se-presente/monarchie/residences/chateau-fischbach/index.html
  7. ^ http://www.wort.lu/en/panorama/grand-duke-jean-luxembourg-grand-duke-released-from-hospital-1-day-before-96th-birthday-586cf48953590682caf17431
  8. ^ Grand Ducal Decree, 28 July 1986
  9. ^ Grand Ducal decree of 21 September 1995 concerning the surname and the titles of the Members of the Grand Ducal Family
  10. ^ "Reply to a parliamentary question" (pdf) (in German). p. 428. Retrieved 15 October 2012.
  11. ^ Royalement Blog, State visit of Belgium in Luxembourg (1994), Group Photo
  12. ^ Borger.dk Archived 7 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ Jean with Pope John Paul I
  14. ^ Jean with Pope Paul VI
  15. ^ Icelandese Presidency Website Archived 3 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Jean ; stórhertogi ; Lúxemborg ; 1986-06-09  ; Stórkross með keðju (=Jean, Grand Duke, Luxembourg, 9 June 1986, Grand Cross with Collar)
  16. ^ "S.A.R. Jean Granduca di Lussemburgo - Decorato di Gran Cordone" (in Italian). Retrieved 15 October 2012.
  17. ^ https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/GD_Jean%2C_GD_Joséphine_Charlotte_state_visit_NL_queen_Juliana_1967.jpg
  18. ^ https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Huwelijk_prinses_Beatrix_en_prins_Claus_%281966%29.jpg
  19. ^ Boletín Oficial del Estado
  20. ^ Boletín Oficial del Estado
  21. ^ Gettyimages
  22. ^ Badraie Archived 5 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  23. ^ Badraie Archived 6 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine

External links

Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
Born: 5 January 1921
Regnal titles
Preceded by Grand Duke of Luxembourg
1964–2000 		Succeeded by
Military offices
Preceded by Colonel of the Irish Guards
1984–2000 		Succeeded by
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