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List of University of Michigan faculty and staff

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The University of Michigan has 6,200 faculty members and roughly 38,000 employees which include National Academy members, and Nobel and Pulitzer Prize winners. Several past presidents have gone on to become presidents of Ivy League universities.

Notable faculty: Nobel Laureates

Notable faculty: past and present

American Association for the Advancement of Science

Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Founded in 1848, AAAS is the world's largest general scientific society and publisher of the journal Science. The tradition of AAAS Fellows began in 1874.

  • Sharon Glotzer, (2013). Ph.D., is an American chemical engineer and physicist and the Stuart W. Churchill Professor at the University of Michigan.
  • Huda Akil, (2000). Ph.D., Gardner C. Quarton professor of Neurosciences in psychiatry, professor of psychiatry and co-director and senior research scientist of the U-M Mental Health Research Institute.
  • Bernard W. Agranoff, (1998). Director of the Neuroscience Lab, the Ralph Waldo Gerard Professor of Neurosciences, professor of biological chemistry and research scientist in the Department of Psychiatry and the Mental Health Research Institute.
  • Sushil Atreya, Ph.D., (2005). Professor of atmospheric and space sciences. Atreya is honored for contributions to planetary atmosphere structure.
  • Laurence A. Boxer, (1998). Associate chair for research pediatrics and communicable diseases and professor of pediatrics and communicable diseases.
  • George J. Brewer, (2000) M.D., professor of genetics and internal medicine.
  • Charles M. Butter, (1992). Professor of psychology
  • Valerie Castle, M.D., (2005). Chair and Ravitz Foundation Professor of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases.
  • Brian Coppola, Ph.D., (2001). Arthur F. Thurnau Professor of Chemistry.
  • Dimitri Coucouvanis, Ph.D., (2005). Lawrence S. Bartell Collegiate Professor of Chemistry.
  • James Coward, (2004) Professor of Medicinal Chemistry and Professor of Chemistry
  • Jack E. Dixon, (2000). Ph.D., Minor J. Coon Professor of Biological Chemistry, chair of the Department of Biological Chemistry and new co-director of UM"s Life Sciences Institute.
  • Rodney Ewing, (2004). Donald R. Peacor Collegiate Professor of Geological Sciences, Professor of Materials Science and Engineering, and Professor of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences
  • William R. Farrand, (1992). Professor of geological sciences and curator, Museum of Anthropology.
  • Carol A. Fierke, Ph.D., (2006). Jerome and Isabella Karle collegiate Professor of Chemistry. Chair and Professor of Chemistry.
  • Daniel Fisher, (2004). Claude W. Hibbard Collegiate Professor of Paleontology, Professor of Geological Sciences, Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Curator of Paleontology
  • Vincent L. Pecoraro, (2000). John T. Groves Collegiate Professor of Chemistry
  • James Penner-Hann, (2004). Professor of Chemistry
  • H. David Humes, (1998). Chair of the Department of Internal Medicine and the John G. Searle Professor of Internal Medicine.
  • James S. Jackson, Ph.D., (2005). Daniel Katz Distinguished University Professor of Psychology and director, Institute for Social Research.
  • Harold K. Jacobson, (2000). Jesse Siddal Reeves Professor of Political Science, and senior research scientist, Center for Political Studies.
  • George W. Kling, (1998). Assistant professor of biology and assistant research scientist in the Center for Great Lakes and Aquatic Sciences.
  • Arthur Lupia, (2004). Professor of Political Science, Research Professor at the Institute for Social Research, and Principal Investigator of the American National Election Studies.
  • Miriam H. Meisler, (2001). Professor of Human Genetics and Neurology, Myron Levine Distinguished University Professor of Human Genetics.
  • Henry Mosberg, (2004). Professor of Medicinal Chemistry
  • Artur Schnabel Pianist and classical composer
  • Martin Sichel, (1998). Professor of aerospace engineering.
  • Nicholas H. Steneck, (1992). Professor of history and director, Medical Center Historical Center for the Health Sciences.
  • Sarah Thomason, (2010). William H. Gedney Professor of Linguistics
  • George Uhlenbeck also known as George Eugene Uhlenbeck. With fellow student Samuel Goudsmit at Leiden, Uhlenbeck proposed the idea of electron spin in 1925, fulfilling Wolfgang Pauli's stated need for a "fourth quantum number.” Served as Professor: University of Michigan (1939–43). Max Planck Medal 1964 (with Samuel Goudsmit).
  • Stanley J. Watson, (2000). Ph.D., M.D., Raphael Professor of Neurosciences in Psychiatry and co-director and research scientist at MHRI.
  • Max S. Wicha, (2000). M.D., professor of internal medicine and director of the U-M Comprehensive Cancer Center.
  • Milford Wolpoff, ( ) who has been elected to the rank of Fellow in the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
  • Youxue Zhang, Ph.D., (2005). Professor of geological sciences. Zhang was selected for making exceptional advances in a wide range of geological frontiers, including the origin and evolution of the Earth, explosive volcanism and gas-driven lake eruptions.

Business Week "Management Gurus"

  • Gary Hamel, MBA PhD Co-Author "The Core Competence of the Corporation"
  • Dave Ulrich, Human Resources – Michigan (Ranked #1)
  • Noel Tichy, Leadership – Michigan, (Ranked #9)
  • C.K. Prahalad, C.K. Prahalad, Strategy, International Business – Michigan/ PRAJA, (Ranked #10)

Institute of Medicine

  • Bernard W. Agranoff (1991), professor of biological chemistry; professor of psychiatry, Medical School
  • Huda Akil (1994), Gardner C. Quarton Distinguished Professor of Neurosciences in Psychiatry, Medical School
  • William Barsan (2003), Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical School
  • John D. Birkmeyer, M.D., George D. Zuidema Professor of Surgery, division of gastrointestinal surgery, department of surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
  • Michael Boehnke, PH.D., Richard G. Cornell Collegiate Professor of Biostatistics, department of biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
  • Edward Bove (1985), head, Section of Cardiac Surgery, Medical School
  • Noreen M Clark (2000), dean, Marshall H. Becker Professor of Public Health, School of Public Health
  • Mary Sue Coleman (1997), President, professor of biochemistry, Medical School, & chemistry, College of Literature, Science, & the Arts
  • Francis S. Collins (1991), professor of internal medicine; professor of human genetics, Medical School
  • Jerome Conn (1970), Louis Harry Newburgh university Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Internal Medicine, Medical School
  • Minor J. Coon (1987), Victor C. Vaughn Distinguished University Professor of Biological Chemistry, Medical School
  • Jack Dixon (1993), Minor J. Coon Professor of Biological Chemistry, Medical School
  • Avedis Donabedian (1971), Sinai Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Public Health, School of Public Health
  • Rhetaugh Dumas (1984), Dean Emerita, School of Nursing
  • Stefan Fajans (1985), professor emeritus of internal medicine, Medical School
  • Sid Gilman (1995), William J. Herdman Professor of Neurology, Medical School
  • David Ginsburg (1999), professor of internal medicine & human genetics, Medical School
  • Lazar Greenfield (1995), Frederick A. Coller Distinguished Professor, Surgery, Medical School
  • Ada Sue Hinshaw (1989), Dean, School of Nursing *Julian Hoff (1999), professor of surgery, Medical School
  • James S. House (1999), professor of sociology, College of Literature, Science, & the Arts
  • James Jackson (2002), professor of psychology, College of Literature, Science, & the Arts
  • Robert L. Kahn (2002), professor emeritus of psychology, College of Literature, Science, & the Arts
  • George Kaplan (2001), professor of epidemiology, School of Public Health
  • David E. Kuhl (1989), professor of internal medicine; professor of radiology, Medical School
  • Allen S. Lichter (2001), dean, professor of radiation oncology, Medical School
  • Roderick Little (2011), Professor of Biostatistics, School of Public Health
  • Martha L. Ludwig, Ph.D., research biophysicist and J. Lawrence Oncley Distinguished Professor, department of biological chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
  • Howard Markel (1993), George E. Wantz Distinguished Professor of the History of Medicine and Director of the Center for the History of Medicine
  • Rowena Matthews elected to The Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences.
  • Catherine G. McLaughlin, Ph.D., professor, department of health management and policy, and director, Economic Research Institute on the Uninsured, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor
  • James V. Neel (1972), Lee R. Dice distinguished university professor emeritus of Human genetics, Medical School
  • Gilbert S. Omenn (1979), professor of internal medicine & Human genetics, Medical School, and of public health, School of Public Health
  • Nancy Reame (1996), professor of nursing, School of Nursing
  • June Osborn (1986), professor of epidemiology; professor of pediatrics and communicable diseases, Medical School
  • Alan R. Saltiel, elected in 2005 to The Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences. Saltiel is the John Jacob Abel Collegiate Professor in Life Sciences and Professor of Internal Medicine and Physiology. He is the third LSI faculty member to be named to the Institute of Medicine.
  • Thomas L. Schwenk (2002), professor of family medicine, Medical School
  • Harold Shapiro (1989), former UM president
  • Peter Ward (1990), Godfrey D. Stobbe Professor of Pathology, Medical School
  • Kenneth Warner (1996), Richard D. Remington Collegiate Professor of Public Health; professor of health management & policy, School of Public Health
  • Stanley J. Watson (1994), Theophile Raphael Collegiate Professor of Neurosciences, Medical School
  • Stephen J. Weiss (2001), Upjohn Professor of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Medical School
  • David R. Williams (2001), Harold W. Cruse Collegiate Professor of Sociology, College of Literature, Science, & the Arts, and professor of epidemiology, School of Public Health
  • George Zuldema (1971), vice provost for medical affairs emeritus, and professor emeritus of surgery, Medical School

MacArthur Foundation award winners

As of 2014, 35 MacArthur winners — 14 of them university alumni — have served as Michigan faculty

  • William A. Christian, (Alumnus: 1986), religious studies scholar.
  • Philip DeVries, (Alumnus: 1988), 1962 alumnus who won as a biologist.
  • William H. Durham, (Alumnus: 1983), 1973 graduate, anthropologist.
  • Aaron Dworkin, (Alumnus: 2005) M.A. 1998, Fellow and founder and president of Detroit-based Sphinx Organization, which strives to increase the number of African-Americans and Latinos having careers in classical music.
  • Steven Goodman, (Alumnus: 2005) A.B.D.,Fellow is an adjunct research investigator in the U-M Museum of Zoology's bird division, and a conservation biologist in the Department of Zoology at Chicago's Field Museum of Natural History.
  • David Green, (Alumnus: 2004), alumnus, Executive Director, Project Impact.
  • Ann Ellis Hanson, (Alumna: 1992), visiting associate professor of Greek and Latin.
  • John Henry Holland,(Alumnus: 1992), professor of electrical engineering and computer science, College of Engineering; professor of psychology, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts.
  • Vonnie C. McLoyd, (Alumna: M.A. (1973) and Ph.D. (1975)), professor of psychology and research scientist at the Center for Human Growth and Development
  • Cecilia Munoz, (Alumna: 2000), vice president of the National Council of La Raza.
  • Amos Tversky, (Alumnus: 1984), 1965 alumnus, psychologist.
  • Karen K. Uhlenbeck, (Alumna: 1983), 1964, mathematician.
  • Henry T. Wright, (Alumnus: 1993) Fellow, and Anthropologist.
  • George Zweig, (Alumnus: 1981), 1959 alumnus, physicist.

As of 2014, 21 non-alumni MacArthur winners have served as Michigan faculty.

  • Susan Alcock, (Faculty: 2000), professor of classical anthropology and classics, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts.
  • Robert Axelrod, (Faculty: 1987) Fellow for public policy. Dr. Axelrod is a game theoretician. Author of "The Evolution of Cooperation".
  • Ruth Behar, (Faculty: 1988) Fellow, and Anthropologist.
  • R. Stephen Berry (post-doctoral fellow) is a U.S. professor of physical chemistry.
  • Joseph Brodsky, (Faculty: 1981), professor of Slavic languages and literature.
  • Alice Fulton, (Faculty: 1991) Fellow and Professor of English from 1983 to 2001, won the Library of Congress Rebekah Johnson Bobbitt National Prize for Poetry in 2002.
  • Kun-Liang Guan, (Faculty: 1998) Fellow and Biochemist and associate professor of biological chemistry and senior research associate at the Institute of Gerontology.
  • Thomas C. Holt, (Faculty: 1990) professor of history, director of Center for Afroamerican and African Studies.
  • Stephen Lee, (Faculty: 1993) Fellow, solid state chemistry.
  • Michael Marletta, (Faculty: 1995) Fellow, Biochemist and John Gideon Searle Professor of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy in the College of Pharmacy and professor of biological chemistry in the Medical School.
  • Khaled Mattawa (born 1964) (Faculty: 2014) is a Libyan poet, and a renowned Arab-American writer and designated a fellow in 2014
  • Tiya Miles, (Faculty: 2011) professor of American culture, Afroamerican & African studies, history, and Native American studies
  • Thylias Moss, (Faculty: 1996), Fellow and Professor of English, also Professor of Art & Design (2006).
  • Erik Mueggler, (Faculty: 2002), professor of cultural anthropology, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts.
  • Dirk Obbink (faculty) is an American-born papyrologist and Classicist.
  • Sherry B. Ortner, (Faculty: 1990), professor of anthropology and women's studies
  • Melanie Sanford, (Faculty: 2011), Moses Gomberg Collegiate professor of chemistry
  • Rebecca J. Scott, (Faculty: 1990) Fellow and Professor of History.won the 2006 Frederick Douglass Book Prize for Degrees of Freedom: Louisiana and Cuba After Slavery. The $25,000 prize is awarded by the Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition at Yale University.
  • Bright Sheng (Faculty: 2001), professor of composition and music theory, School of Music.
  • Richard Wrangham, (Faculty: 1987) professor of anthropology.
  • Yukiko Yamashita, (Faculty: 2011) assistant professor of cell & developmental biology

United States National Academy of Engineering

  • Linda M. Abriola (2003), Professor of Civil & Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering
  • Dennis Assanis (2008), Former Jon R. and Beverly S. Holt Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Arthur F. Thurnau Professor, College of Engineering
  • Peter Banks (1993), Dean, College of Engineering
  • Pallab Bhattacharya (2008), Charles M. Vest Distinguished University Professor and James R. Mellor Professor of Electrical engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering
  • William Brown (1992), adjunct professor of electrical engineering, College of Engineering
  • Don B. Chaffin (1994), G. Lawton and Louise G. Johnson Professor of Industrial & Operations Engineering, College of Engineering
  • Lynn Conway (1989), Professor of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, College of Engineering
  • James W. Daily (1975), Professor Emeritus of Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulic engineering, College of Engineering
  • Stephen W. Director (1989), Robert J. Vlasic Dean of Engineering, College of Engineering
  • James J. Duderstadt (1987), President Emeritus, Professor of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, College of Engineering
  • Gerard Faeth (1991), Arthur B. Modine Professor of Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering
  • Elmer G. Gilbert (1994), professor of aerospace engineering and of electrical engineering & computer science, College of Engineering
  • Steven A. Goldstein (2005), Henry Ruppenthal Family Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering
  • George Haddad (1994), Robert J. Hiller professor of electrical engineering and computer science, College of Engineering
  • Robert D. Hanson (1982), professor of civil engineering, College of Engineering
  • Bruce G. Johnston (1979), professor emeritus of structural engineering, College of Engineering
  • Donald Katz (1968), professor emeritus of chemical engineering, College
  • Glenn Knoll (1999), Professor of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, College of Engineering
  • Yoram Koren (2004), James J. Duderstadt Distinguished University Professor and Paul G. Goebel Professor of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering
  • Ronald G. Larson (2003), George Granger Brown Professor of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering
  • Emmett Leith (1982), Schlumberger Professor of Engineering, College of Engineering
  • Jyoti Mazumder (2012), Robert H. Lurie Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Professor of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering
  • Gerard A. Mourou (2002), A.D. Moore Distinguished Professor of Electrical Engineering & and Computer Science, College of Engineering
  • Stephen M. Pollock (2002), Herrick Professor of Industrial & Operations Engineering, College of Engineering
  • Tresa M. Pollock (2005), the L. H. and F. E. Van Vlack Professor of Materials Science and Engineering
  • Frank E. Richart, Jr. (1969), Walter Johnson Emmons Professor Emeritus of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering
  • Albert Schultz (1993), Vennema Professor of Mechanical Engineering & Applied Mathematics, College of Engineering
  • Chen-To Tai (1987), professor emeritus of electrical engineering & computer science, College of Engineering
  • Fawwaz Ulaby (1995), R. Jamison and Betty Williams Professor of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, College of Engineering
  • Galip Ulsoy (2006), C.D. Mote Jr. Distinguished University Professor of Mechanical Engineering and William Clay Ford Professor of Manufacturing, College of Engineering
  • Walter Weber (1985), Earnest Boyce professor of Civil & Environmental engineering, College of Engineering
  • Kensall D. Wise (1998), J. Reid & Polly Anderson Professor of Manufacturing Technology, College of Engineering
  • Richard D. Woods (2003), professor of civil & environmental engineering, College of Engineering
  • Ralph T. Yang (2005), Dwight T. Benton Professor of Chemical Engineering
  • Chia-Shun Yih (1980), Stephen P. Timoshenko Distinguished University Professor Emeritus of Fluid Mechanics, College of Engineering

United States National Academy of Sciences

  • Mathew Alpern (1991), professor emeritus of physiological optics, Medical School
  • Richard D. Alexander (1974), Theodore H. Hubell Distinguished University Professor Emeritus of Evolutionary Biology, College of Literature, Science & the Arts
  • Robert Axelrod (1986), Arthur W. Bromage Distinguished University Professor of Political Science & Public Policy, School of Public Policy
  • Hyman Bass (1982), professor of education, School of Education, & mathematics, College of Literature, Science & the Arts
  • Philip Bucksbaum 2004
  • Jerome Conn (1969), Louis Harry Newburgh University Professor Emeritus of Internal Medicine, Medical School
  • Philip Converse (1973), Robert Cooley Angell Distinguished University Professor Emeritus of Sociology & Political Science, College of Literature, Science & the Arts
  • Clyde Coombs (1982), professor emeritus of psychology, College of Literature, Science & the Arts
  • Minor J. Coon (1983), Victor C. Vaughn Distinguished University Professor Emeritus of Biological Chemistry, Medical School
  • H. Richard Crane (1966), George P. Williams Distinguished University, physicist
  • Horace W. Davenport (1974), William Beaumont Professor Emeritus of Physiology, Medical School
  • Thomas M. Donahue (1983), Edward H. White II Distinguished University Professor Emeritus of Planetary Science, College of Engineering
  • Lennard A. Fisk (2003), Thomas M. Donahue Collegiate Professor of Space Science, College of Engineering
  • Kent V. Flannery (1978), James B. Griffin Distinguished University Professor of Anthropological Archaeology, College of Literature Science & the Arts
  • Ronald Freedman (1974), Roderick D. McKenzie Professor Emeritus of Sociology, College of Literature, Science & the Arts, Professor Emeritus of Physics, College of Literature, Science, & the Arts
  • William Fulton (1997), M. S. Keeler Professor, mathematics, College of Literature, Science & the Arts
  • Stanley M. Garn (1976), professor emeritus of nutrition, School of Public Health
  • Frederick Gehring (1989), T.H. Hildebrandt Distinguished University Professor of Mathematics
  • Sharon Glotzer, (2014), Stuart W. Churchill Professor of Chemical Engineering. Professor of Materials Science & Engineering, Physics, Applied Physics and Macromolecular Science and Engineering.
  • Melvin Hochster (1992), Raymond L. Wilder Professor of Mathematics, College of Literature, Science & the Arts
  • Raymond Kelly 2004
  • Martha L. Ludwig (2003), professor of biological chemistry, Medical School
  • Joyce Marcus (1997), professor of anthropology, College of Literature, Science & the Arts
  • Vincent Massey (1995), professor of biological chemistry, Medical School
  • Rowena G. Matthews (2002), G. Robert Greenberg Distinguished University Professor, biological chemistry, Medical School
  • James N. Morgan (1975), Professor emeritus of economics, College of Literature, Science & the Arts
  • James V. Neel (1963), Lee R. Dice Distinguished University Professor Emeritus of Human Genetics, Medical School
  • Richard Nisbett (2002), Theodore M. Newcomb Distinguished University Professor, psychology, College of Literature, Science, & the Arts
  • James Olds(1969) Professor of Psychology
  • J. Lawrence Oncley (1947), professor emeritus of biological chemistry, Medical School
  • Kenneth Pike (1985), Professor emeritus of linguistics, College of Literature, Science & the Arts
  • Edward Smith (1996), professor of psychology, College of Literature, Science & the Arts
  • Martinus Veltman (2000), John D. MacArthur Professor of Physics, College of Literature, Science, & the Arts
  • Warren Wagner (1985), Jr., professor emeritus of botany, School of Natural Resources & the Environment
  • Henry Wright (1994), professor of anthropology, College of Literature, Science & the Arts; curator, Museum of Anthropology

National Medal of Science

The National Medal of Science is the nation's highest honor for scientific achievement. Five other Michigan researchers won the award between 1974 and 1986. Congress established the award program in 1959. It honors individuals for pioneering scientific research.

  • Hyman Bass honored by President Bush in a White House ceremony for the National Medal of Science in 2006.
  • H. Richard Crane (1986), George P. Williams Distinguished University Professor Emeritus of Physics, College of Literature, Science & the Arts
  • Elizabeth Crosby (1979), professor of anatomy, Medical School
  • Donald Katz (1982), professor emeritus of chemical engineering, College of Engineering
  • Emmett Leith (1979), Schlumberger Professor of Engineering, College of Engineering
  • James Neel (1974), Lee R. Dice Distinguished University Professor Emeritus of Human Genetics, Medical School

Pulitzer Prize-winning faculty

  • Leslie Bassett (1966), professor of music; music, for Variations for Orchestra.
  • William Bolcom (1988), professor of music composition; music, for Twelve New Etudes for Piano.
  • Ross Lee Finney (1937), professor of music; music, for a string quartet.
  • Robert Frost, a former faculty member won four Pulitzer Prizes through the years.
  • Percival Price (1934), carillonneur and professor of campanology; music, for Saint Lawrence Symphony.
  • Leland Stowe (1930), professor of journalism; correspondence, for his work as a reporter on the foreign staff of the New York Herald Tribune.
  • David C. Turnley (1990), professor of Art and Design; photography, for images of the political uprisings in China and Eastern Europe.
  • Claude H. Van Tyne (1930), professor and chairman of the history department; American History, for The War of Independence.

University of Michigan-Ann Arbor faculty

  • Lois Wladis Hoffman, PhD, Professor Emerita, Department of Psychology.[2]
  • Lawrence W. Jones, PhD, Professor emeritus, Department of Physics
  • Ralph Lydic, PhD, Bert La Du Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Molecular and Integrative Physiology.[3]
  • Alton L Becker, PhD, Professor of Linguistics[4]
  • Judith Becker, PhD, Glenn McGeoch Professor (emeritus) of Music[5]
  • William P. Malm, PhD, Professor (emeritus) of Music

Former administrators

References

  1. ^ Aujla, Simmi (November 27, 2009). "Professors of the Year: Award Winners Are Celebrated for Innovative Teaching". The Chronicle of Higher Education. LVI (14): A8.
  2. ^ "The Effects of the Mother's Employment on the Family and the Child". Retrieved November 13, 2014.
  3. ^ "UM Anesthesiology: Research: Ralph Lydic, PhD". Retrieved November 13, 2014.
  4. ^ "Memoir of Alton L. Becker". Regents of the University of Michigan. c. 1994. Retrieved August 2, 2014.
  5. ^ "Judith Becker tribute". University of Michigan. Retrieved August 2, 2014.