Macclesfield Bank
 | |
| Other names | Middle Sand Islands[1] |
|---|---|
| Geography | |
| Location | South China Sea |
| Coordinates | 16°00′N 114°30′E / 16.000°N 114.500°E |
| Administration | |
People's Republic of China | |
| Demographics | |
| Population | None |
Template:Contains Chinese text Macclesfield Bank is an elongated sunken atoll of underwater reefs and shoals in the South China Sea. It lies east of the Paracel Islands, southwest of the Pratas Islands and north of the Spratly Islands. Its length exceeds 130 km (81 mi) southwest-northeast, with a maximal width of more than 70 km (43 mi). With an ocean area of 6,448 km2 (2,490 sq mi) within the outer rim of the reef,[3] although completely submerged without any emergent cays or islets, it is one of the largest atolls of the world.[4] The Macclesfield Bank is part of what China calls the Zhongsha Islands, which includes a number of geographically separate submarine features, and also refers to a county-level administrative division.
History
Macclesfield banks were named after the British naval ship, HMS Macclesfield, which ran aground in the vicinity of these shoals in 1804.[5][6][7]
Geography
The broken coral reef rim of Macclesfield Bank, with a width of up to 8 km (5 mi), has depths of 11.8 m (39 ft) at Pygmy Shoal on the northeast end of the bank and depths of 11.6 to 18 m (59 ft) elsewhere. Within the lagoon, Walker Shoal marks the least known depth of 9.2 metres (30 ft). In general, the central lagoon is very deep, with depths up to 100 metres (330 ft).[3]
The elongated atoll consists of:
Territorial claims
Macclesfield Bank is claimed, in whole or in part, by China[8] and Taiwan (Republic of China).[9][10]
Some sources[10][11] state that the Philippines claims this underwater feature. However, Jose Zaide, a Philippine diplomat of ambassadorial rank, has written that the Philippines does not claim the Macclesfield Bank.[12] Moreover, Macclesfield Bank is not within UNCLOS 200 or Philippines EEZ.[13]
As the bank is entirely underwater, some scholars have raised questions regarding the legality of territorial claims upon it with regards to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).[14][15][16][17] However, the Philippines filed claim for another underwater feature, the Benham Plateau, in 2008 in compliance with the requirements of UNCLOS and UN officially approved the claim in April 2012.[18][19][20][21]
See also
Notes and references
- ^ Jones, Gareth Wyn (2002). "Provinces". In Boland-Crewe, Tara; Lea, David (eds.). The Territories of the People's Republic of China. London: Europa Publications. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-203-40311-2.
- ^ 中华人民共和国民政部 (People's Republic of China Ministry of Civil Affairs) (21 June 2012). "民政部关于国务院批准设立地级三沙市的公告 (Ministry of Civil Affairs on the State Council approved the establishment of the level of Sansha's notice)" (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 23 June 2012.
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=timestamp mismatch; 25 June 2012 suggested (help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b List of data for various geographic features (2001), The Geological Society of America.
- ^ "Philippines protests China's moving in on Macclesfield Bank". Philippine Daily Inquirer. July 6, 2012.
- ^ "Timeline". History of the Spratlys. www.spratlys.org. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
- ^ Chemillier-Gendreau, Monique (2000). Sovereignty Over the Paracel and Spratly Islands. Kluwer Law International. ISBN 9041113819.
- ^ - a strxxxxxxxPUBLICATIONS/Pages/NauticalPubs.aspx China Sea pilot, Volume 1 (8th Edition). Taunton: UKHO - United Kingdom Hydrographic Office. 2010.
{{cite book}}: Check|url=value (help) - ^ "Vietnam Law on Contested Islands Draws China's Ire". The New York Times. June 21, 2012. Retrieved June 28, 2012.
- ^ "Taiwan renews sovereignty claim over South China Sea islands". Focus Taiwan. May 5, 2012. Retrieved June 28, 2012.
- ^ a b "Limits in the Seas - No. 127 Taiwan's Maritime Claims" (PDF). United States Department of State. November 15, 2005. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
- ^ "Philippines protests China's moving in on Macclesfield Bank". Inquirer.net. July 6, 2012. Retrieved July 6, 2012.
- ^ Zaide, Jose (July 10, 2012). "Saan Siya?". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
- ^ http://www.southchinasea.org/files/2011/08/eez3_full.jpg
- ^ Poling, Gregory (2012-07-05). "Time to End Strategic Ambiguity in the South China Sea". Center for Strategic and International Studies. Retrieved 2012-07-21.
- ^ Seoung-Yong Hong; Jon M. Van Dyke (2009). Maritime Boundary Disputes, Settlement Processes, and the Law of the Sea (Publications on Ocean Development). Brill. p. 149.
- ^ Chi-kin Lo (1989). China's Policy Towards Territorial Disputes: The Case of the South China Sea Islands. Routledge. p. 25.
- ^ Clive Ralph Symmons (1995). Some Problems Relating to the Definition of "insular Formations" in International Law: Islands and Low-tide Elevations. International Boundaries Research Unit. p. 12.
- ^ "UN approves PH territorial claim to Benham Rise". Retrieved April 28, 2012.
- ^ UN to decide on Phl claim on 13-M hectare Benham Rise, August 16, 2011, Philippine Star.
- ^ UN approves PH territorial claim to Benham Rise, April 28, 2012, Philippine Daily Inquirer.
- ^ DOE to assess resource potential of Benham Rise:http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/06/09/1332626/doe-assess-resource-potential-benham-rise
External links
| Pratas Island | |||||||||||||||||
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| Paracel Islands |
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| Tudjuh Archipelago | |||||||||||||||||
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